Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John, by Hendrick ter Brugghen
  • 1. What is the primary medium of Hendrick ter Brugghen's 'Crucifixion with the Virgin and St John'?
A) Fresco
B) Watercolor on paper
C) Oil on canvas
D) Tempera on wood
  • 2. In which century did Hendrick ter Brugghen paint this work?
A) 15th century
B) 16th century
C) 17th century
D) 18th century
  • 3. Which artistic movement is ter Brugghen associated with?
A) Dutch Caravaggism
B) French Rococo
C) German Expressionism
D) Italian Renaissance
  • 4. Which Italian master strongly influenced ter Brugghen's style?
A) Leonardo da Vinci
B) Titian
C) Michelangelo
D) Caravaggio
  • 5. How does ter Brugghen typically handle light in his paintings?
A) Even, flat lighting
B) Natural outdoor light
C) Backlighting
D) Dramatic chiaroscuro
  • 6. Which biblical figure stands to the right of the cross?
A) St. John the Evangelist
B) St. Paul
C) St. Matthew
D) St. Luke
  • 7. What nationality was Hendrick ter Brugghen?
A) Italian
B) French
C) Dutch
D) Flemish
  • 8. Which city was ter Brugghen primarily active in?
A) Amsterdam
B) Rome
C) Antwerp
D) Utrecht
  • 9. What aspect of Caravaggio's style did ter Brugghen adopt?
A) Complex perspective
B) Mythological themes
C) Classical idealism
D) Naturalism and dramatic lighting
  • 10. Which religious group would have commissioned this work?
A) Eastern Orthodox church
B) Jewish community
C) Catholic patrons
D) Protestant reformers
  • 11. What is the primary focus of the composition?
A) Emotional response to crucifixion
B) Landscape background
C) Architectural details
D) Historical accuracy
  • 12. What type of cross is typically depicted?
A) Celtic cross
B) Latin cross
C) Tau cross
D) Greek cross
  • 13. How does the painting create emotional impact?
A) Multiple figures
B) Intimate close composition
C) Bright colors
D) Large scale
  • 14. Which art historical term describes ter Brugghen's group?
A) Utrecht Caravaggisti
B) Delft School
C) Leiden Fine Painters
D) Haarlem Mannerists
  • 15. How does the painting handle religious symbolism?
A) Didactic and clear
B) Complex and allegorical
C) Minimal and abstract
D) Subtle and emotional
  • 16. What is the dominant emotional tone of the painting?
A) Angry
B) Triumphant
C) Sorrowful
D) Joyful
  • 17. What is St John's role in the composition?
A) Fighting soldiers
B) Preaching to crowds
C) Comforting the Virgin
D) Writing gospels
  • 18. When was ter Brugghen born?
A) 1600
B) 1560
C) 1588
D) 1620
  • 19. What type of religious art did ter Brugghen specialize in?
A) Portraits of clergy
B) Illuminated manuscripts
C) Biblical scenes
D) Church architecture
  • 20. Which other Dutch artist was influenced by Caravaggio?
A) Gerrit van Honthorst
B) Rembrandt
C) Vermeer
D) Frans Hals
  • 21. How does ter Brugghen depict the figures' expressions?
A) Intense emotion
B) Abstract forms
C) Smiling
D) Blank and neutral
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