Iranian Revolution - Quiz
Iranian Revolution
  • 1. Who headed the Islamic Freedom Movement of Iran?
A) Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari
B) Mehdi Bazargan
C) The Shah
D) Mahmoud Taleghani
  • 2. What type of group was the Islamic Freedom Movement?
A) Monarchist
B) Democratic, reformist Islamic
C) Leftist Islamist
D) Secular communist
  • 3. Which secular group was mentioned alongside the Islamic Freedom Movement?
A) Tudeh Party
B) Fedaian guerrillas
C) National Front
D) People's Mujahedin
  • 4. Where were the constitutionalist liberals based?
A) Clerical establishment
B) Military leadership
C) Urban middle class
D) Rural peasantry
  • 5. What did the constitutionalist liberals want the Shah to do?
A) Adhere to the Iranian Constitution of 1906
B) Implement Marxist reforms
C) Establish a theocracy
D) Step down immediately for Khomeini
  • 6. Who lacked the cohesion and organization of Khomeini's forces?
A) The Fedaian guerrillas
B) The Tudeh Party
C) The clergy
D) Constitutionalist liberals
  • 7. Which communist groups were weakened considerably by government repression?
A) Tudeh Party of Iran and the Fedaian guerrillas
B) Constitutionalist liberals
C) People's Mujahedin and National Front
D) Islamic Freedom Movement and National Front
  • 8. Which group delivered 'the regime its coup de grace' in February 1979?
A) The Islamic Freedom Movement
B) The National Front
C) The Fedaian guerrillas
D) The constitutionalist liberals
  • 9. What was the most powerful guerrilla group?
A) National Front
B) Tudeh Party
C) People's Mujahedin
D) Fedaian guerrillas
  • 10. What political and religious orientation did the People's Mujahedin have?
A) Atheistic Marxist
B) Conservative clerical
C) Leftist Islamist
D) Secular democratic
  • 11. How did the People's Mujahedin view the influence of the clergy?
A) As progressive
B) As democratic
C) As essential for leadership
D) As reactionary
  • 12. Which popular ayatollah supported the left?
A) Mahmoud Taleghani
B) Mehdi Bazargan
C) Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari
D) Ruhollah Khomeini
  • 13. Who was perhaps the most senior and influential ayatollah in Iran?
A) Ruhollah Khomeini
B) Mahmoud Taleghani
C) Mehdi Bazargan
D) Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari
  • 14. What was Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari's initial stance on politics?
A) Remained aloof from politics
B) Actively supported Khomeini
C) Supported the Shah
D) Led communist guerrillas
  • 15. What did Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari eventually support?
A) A strict theocracy
B) The Shah's constitution
C) Marxist-Leninist rule
D) A democratic revolution
  • 16. Whom did Khomeini work to unite the opposition behind?
A) Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari
B) Mahmoud Taleghani
C) Mehdi Bazargan
D) Himself
  • 17. Which group was explicitly excluded from Khomeini's united opposition?
A) Atheistic Marxists
B) Constitutionalist liberals
C) Leftist Islamists
D) Secular nationalists
  • 18. What did Khomeini focus on to unite the opposition?
A) Military strategy
B) Establishing a clerical constitution
C) Promoting Western ideals
D) Socio-economic problems of the Shah's government
  • 19. What specific socio-economic problems did Khomeini focus on?
A) Corruption and unequal income and development
B) Excessive spending on education
C) Lack of foreign investment and tourism
D) Overpopulation in rural areas
  • 20. Why did Khomeini avoid specifics among the public regarding his plans?
A) Western imperialists demanded secrecy
B) The Shah banned public speeches
C) It might divide the factions
D) He had no clear plans
  • 21. What specific plan did Khomeini avoid discussing publicly?
A) His plan for clerical rule
B) His plan for military alliances
C) His plan for a democratic republic
D) His plan for land reform
  • 22. Why did Khomeini believe most Iranians were prejudiced against clerical rule?
A) Because of traditional Persian values
B) As a result of a propaganda campaign by Western imperialists
C) Due to the Shah's economic policies
D) Because of communist influence
  • 23. What happened to some revolutionaries in the post-Shah era who clashed with Khomeini's theocracy?
A) They joined the Tudeh Party
B) They were appointed to government positions
C) They were suppressed by his movement
D) They fled to Western countries immediately
  • 24. What did suppressed revolutionaries complain of in the post-Shah era?
A) Deception
B) Foreign interference
C) Financial ruin
D) Lack of military support
  • 25. What was maintained during the revolution despite underlying differences?
A) The 1906 Constitution
B) The Shah's government
C) Anti-Shah unity
D) Alliance with Western imperialists
  • 26. When did the Persian Constitutional Revolution take place?
A) 1921–1941
B) 1941–1951
C) 1925–1935
D) 1905–1911
  • 27. What is another name for the National Consultative Assembly?
A) Niqab
B) Cossack
C) Chador
D) Majlis
  • 28. Who seized power in a coup d'état in February 1921?
A) General Reza Khan
B) Abdul-Karim Ha'eri Yazdi
C) Ahmad Shah
D) Ahmad Qavam
  • 29. What military unit was Reza Khan the commander of?
A) Red Army
B) British Allied Troops
C) Persian Cossack Brigade
D) Tudeh Party
  • 30. Which dynasty did Reza Shah found?
A) Qajar dynasty
B) Soviet dynasty
C) Pahlavi dynasty
D) Constitutional dynasty
  • 31. Who was the last Qajar Shah deposed by Reza Shah?
A) Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
B) Abdul-Karim Ha'eri
C) Ahmad Qavam
D) Ahmad Shah
  • 32. What specific face covering for women was forbidden by Reza Shah?
A) Niqab
B) Cossack
C) Tudeh
D) Majlis
  • 33. What garment did police forcibly remove and tear off women who resisted the public hijab ban?
A) Niqab
B) Chador
C) Military uniform
D) Western suit
  • 34. In what year did the Goharshad Mosque rebellion occur?
A) 1935
B) 1941
C) 1946
D) 1921
  • 35. Who founded the Qom Seminary?
A) Reza Shah
B) Abdul-Karim Ha'eri Yazdi
C) Ahmad Qavam
D) Ayatollah Khomeini
  • 36. Who was a student of Sheikh Abdul Karim Ha'eri?
A) The future Ayatollah Khomeini
B) Ahmad Shah
C) General Reza Khan
D) Mohammad Reza Shah
  • 37. When did the Soviet Red Army withdraw from Iran?
A) 1951
B) February 1921
C) June 1946
D) 1935
  • 38. Who was the pro-Soviet Prime Minister that clashed with the Shah in the post-war years?
A) Ahmad Shah
B) Reza Khan
C) Abdul-Karim Ha'eri Yazdi
D) Ahmad Qavam
  • 39. In what year did the Iranian Revolution culminate in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty?
A) 1953
B) 1963
C) 1979
D) 1964
  • 40. What company had Mohammad Mossadegh nationalized prior to the 1953 coup?
A) The Tehran Petroleum Corporation
B) The Persian Gulf Energy Company
C) The Imperial Oil Enterprise
D) The Anglo-Persian Oil Company
  • 41. In what year was Ruhollah Khomeini exiled?
A) 1953
B) 1977
C) 1964
D) 1979
  • 42. When did anti-government demonstrations begin leading to a campaign of civil resistance?
A) October 1977
B) August 1978
C) February 1979
D) January 1979
  • 43. What key turning point occurred on 19 August 1978 involving around 400 deaths?
A) The Tehran Mosque bombing
B) The Cinema Rex fire
C) The Abadan oil refinery strike
D) The Black Friday massacre
  • 44. What was the name of the Shah's secret police?
A) SAVAK
B) CIA
C) MI6
D) Velâyat
  • 45. On what date did Pahlavi leave Iran for exile?
A) 1 February 1979
B) 19 August 1978
C) 16 January 1979
D) 11 February 1979
  • 46. Who was the opposition-based prime minister left in charge alongside the Regency Council when Pahlavi fled?
A) Shapour Bakhtiar
B) Ayatollah Shariatmadari
C) Mohammad Mossadegh
D) Ruhollah Khomeini
  • 47. On what date did Khomeini return to Iran?
A) 1 February 1979
B) 1 March 1979
C) 16 January 1979
D) 11 February 1979
  • 48. By what date was the monarchy officially brought down through armed combat?
A) 16 January 1979
B) 1 February 1979
C) 11 February 1979
D) December 1979
  • 49. What percentage of voters approved the shift to an Islamic republic in the March 1979 referendum?
A) 98%
B) 88%
C) 75%
D) 50%
  • 50. When did Khomeini emerge as the absolute supreme leader of Iran?
A) December 1979
B) February 1979
C) January 1979
D) March 1979
  • 51. What concept formed the basis of the anti-Western Islamic republic?
A) Imperial Sovereignty
B) Sharia Modernism
C) Secular Autocracy
D) Velâyat-e Faqih
  • 52. Post-revolutionary Iran aimed to undermine the influence of which regional leaders?
A) Secular dictators
B) Western monarchs
C) Sunni leaders
D) Shia leaders
  • 53. What type of militancy did post-revolutionary Iran back across the region to expand its influence?
A) Shia militancy
B) Communist guerrilla warfare
C) Sunni militancy
D) Secular nationalist insurgencies
  • 54. What kind of economic program was advanced as a reason for the revolution?
A) A completely non-industrial program
B) An overly ambitious economic program
C) A restrictive socialist program
D) A strictly agricultural-focused program
  • 55. What economic event occurred shortly before the revolution in 1977–1978?
A) A complete collapse of the banking sector
B) A short, sharp economic contraction
C) A sudden doubling of oil revenues
D) A massive hyperinflation spike
  • 56. Which non-Muslim Western power was the Shah perceived as being beholden to?
A) The United States
B) France
C) Great Britain
D) Germany
  • 57. Which US President's administration saw a waning of support for the Shah?
A) Jimmy Carter
B) Richard Nixon
C) John F. Kennedy
D) Gerald Ford
  • 58. What US policy enacted by President Carter helped give Iranians courage to post open letters?
A) A human rights policy
B) A free trade policy
C) A military non-intervention policy
D) An open borders policy
  • 59. The revolution is credited in part to the spread of which version of the Islamic revival?
A) Wahhabi
B) Shi'a
C) Sunni
D) Sufi
  • 60. Who was Ayatollah Khomeini seen as following in the footsteps of?
A) Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib
B) The Shi'a Imam Husayn ibn Ali
C) The Prophet Muhammad
D) Nasir al-Din Shah
  • 61. In the comparison to Imam Husayn, what role did the Shah play?
A) Husayn's foe, the hated tyrant Yazid I
B) The neutral bystander
C) The wise advisor to the Caliph
D) Husayn's loyal military general
  • 62. At the end of the 19th century, what group had a significant influence on Iranian society?
A) The secular academics
B) The Shi'a clergy (ulama)
C) The Western diplomats
D) The military generals
  • 63. When did the Shi'a clergy first show itself to be a powerful political force in opposition to the monarchy?
A) With the 1953 Iranian coup d'état
B) With the 1891 Tobacco protest
C) With the 1977 economic contraction
D) With the 1973 oil revenue windfall
  • 64. When did Nasir al-Din Shah grant a concession to British Major G. F. Talbot?
A) 20 March 1953
B) 20 March 1973
C) 20 March 1891
D) 20 March 1890
  • 65. How long was the tobacco monopoly concession granted to Major G. F. Talbot?
A) 25 years
B) 100 years
C) 50 years
D) 10 years
  • 66. How many people did the Persian tobacco industry employ at the time of the concession?
A) Over 200,000 people
B) Over 50,000 people
C) Over 1,000,000 people
D) Over 10,000 people
  • 67. Whose fatwa (judicial decree) resulted in widespread and extensive boycotts and protests against the tobacco concession?
A) Nasir al-Din Shah
B) Mirza Hasan Shirazi
C) Ayatollah Khomeini
D) Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
  • 68. What did Nasir al-Din Shah do within two years of the tobacco protest?
A) Increased the length of the concession to 100 years
B) Cancelled the concession
C) Imprisoned British Major G. F. Talbot
D) Abolished the Shi'a clergy
  • 69. What was the status of most Iranians while oil wealth maintained Britain as a global power?
A) Middle class
B) Extreme wealth
C) Nomadic
D) Poverty
  • 70. Which European newspaper reported that Mosaddegh would rather be fried in Persian oil than make concessions?
A) Der Spiegel
B) Frankfurter Neue Presse
C) Le Monde
D) The Times
  • 71. Who was the US President who refused American military support for a British invasion of Iran?
A) John F. Kennedy
B) Franklin D. Roosevelt
C) Dwight D. Eisenhower
D) Harry S. Truman
  • 72. What did Winston Churchill decide to pursue after Truman refused military support?
A) A coup
B) A naval blockade
C) A trade agreement
D) Direct negotiations
  • 73. Which US President's election in November 1952 changed the American stance toward the conflict?
A) Woodrow Wilson
B) Harry S. Truman
C) Dwight D. Eisenhower
D) Herbert Hoover
  • 74. Who was the US Secretary of State who moved against Mosaddegh alongside his brother?
A) Allen Dulles
B) Dean Acheson
C) George Marshall
D) John Foster Dulles
  • 75. Who was the C.I.A. Director who helped plan action against Mosaddegh?
A) John Foster Dulles
B) Allen Dulles
C) Winston Churchill
D) J. Edgar Hoover
  • 76. What was the name of the operation born from American and British plans to depose Mosaddegh?
A) Operation Ajax was not named in the text; wait, Operation Ajax *is* the name.
B) Operation Desert Storm
C) Operation Ajax
D) Operation Persian Freedom
  • 77. What historical event in China terrified the Dulles brothers regarding Iran?
A) Mao Zedong winning the Chinese Civil War
B) The establishment of Taiwan
C) The Boxer Rebellion
D) The Long March
  • 78. When was the coup d'état initiated to remove Mosaddegh?
A) 19 August 1970
B) 15 August 1979
C) 15 August 1953
D) 19 August 1953
  • 79. Where did the Shah flee when the initial coup attempt failed?
A) The United Kingdom
B) France
C) The United States
D) Italy
  • 80. When did the successful second coup attempt take place?
A) August 19
B) September 1
C) August 15
D) July 19
  • 81. Who was appointed as the new Prime Minister by the Shah after the coup?
A) Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
B) Fazlollah Zahedi
C) The Shah himself
D) Ayatollah Khomeini
  • 82. What percentage of Iranian oil production profits did US companies gain control of?
A) Around 40 percent
B) Around 10 percent
C) Around 75 percent
D) Around 100 percent
  • 83. With whose assistance was SAVAK provided funds and training?
A) The KGB
B) The CIA
C) MI6
D) The United Nations
  • 84. What was SAVAK?
A) The national Iranian oil company
B) The Iranian parliament
C) The royal guard
D) Iran's infamous secret police
  • 85. When was the White Revolution launched?
A) 1953
B) 1963
C) 1979
D) 1971
  • 86. Which of the following was an element of the White Revolution?
A) Privatization of forests
B) Establishment of a theocracy
C) Land reform
D) Abolition of the monarchy
  • 87. Which group was enfranchised as part of the White Revolution?
A) Landlords
B) Women
C) Clerics
D) Foreign diplomats
  • 88. What educational corps was formed during the White Revolution?
A) Military corps
B) Science corps
C) Agricultural corps
D) Literacy corps
  • 89. What type of schemes were instituted for industrial workers during the White Revolution?
A) Stock-ownership schemes
B) Early-retirement schemes
C) Profit-sharing schemes
D) Mandatory savings schemes
  • 90. As what step did the Shah push the White Revolution?
A) Westernization
B) Traditionalization
C) Sovietization
D) Isolationism
  • 91. Whose influence did the Shah hope to eliminate through the White Revolution?
A) Foreign corporations
B) Industrial workers
C) Landlords
D) Students
  • 92. What did Khomeini call the Shah when declaring him a target of opposition in 1963?
A) A wise and just monarch
B) A champion of Islam
C) A wretched, miserable man
D) A brilliant reformer
  • 93. How many deaths did anti-revolutionary sources conjecture occurred during the riots following Khomeini's arrest?
A) 15,000
B) 500
C) 32
D) 5,000
  • 94. How long was Khomeini under house arrest before his release?
A) Three days
B) Two years
C) Fifteen years
D) Eight months
  • 95. What diplomatic privilege extended to American government personnel did Khomeini condemn?
A) Tax exemptions
B) Voting rights
C) Military command
D) Capitulations
  • 96. In which city did Khomeini spend most of his exile?
A) Paris, France
B) Cairo, Egypt
C) Najaf, Iraq
D) Beirut, Lebanon
  • 97. What idea of Jalal Al-e-Ahmad suggested that Western culture was a plague to be eliminated?
A) Sharia law
B) Neither East, nor West
C) Velayat-e faqih
D) Gharbzadegi
  • 98. According to Ali Shariati, what was the one true liberator of the Third World from oppressive colonialism and capitalism?
A) Liberal capitalism
B) Islam
C) Communism
D) Westernization
  • 99. Whose popularized retellings of the Shia faith helped form the ideology of the 1979 revolution?
A) Ali Shariati
B) Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
C) Mohammad Beheshti
D) Morteza Motahhari
  • 100. Which of the following groups was part of Khomeini's opposition network inside Iran?
A) Foreign non-believers
B) Proponents of liberal capitalism
C) Westernized secular elites
D) Traditional businessmen (bazaari)
Created with That Quiz — where test making and test taking are made easy for math and other subject areas.