- 1. Bromo volcano is a prominent and iconic landmark on the island of Java, Indonesia. Known for its stunning sunrise views and the dramatic caldera, it's a popular destination for tourists and adventurers. What is the primary geological feature that makes Mount Bromo so recognizable?
A) A very steep, symmetrical cone.
B) A series of interconnected lava tubes.
C) A perfectly circular crater.
D) Extensive lava flows visible from afar.
- 2. Mount Bromo is part of the Tengger massif, a large volcanic complex. What is the elevation of Mount Bromo?
A) 3,142 meters (10,308 feet)
B) 1,760 meters (5,774 feet)
C) 2,329 meters (7,641 feet)
D) 2,000 meters (6,561 feet)
- 3. The landscape surrounding Bromo is often described as otherworldly. It is characterized by a vast sea of sand. What is this area officially known as?
A) Crater Floor
B) Sea of Sand (Lautan Pasir)
C) Volcanic Plains
D) Ash Desert
- 4. One of the most iconic experiences at Bromo is witnessing the sunrise. What is the typical vantage point recommended for the best sunrise view?
A) Mount Penanjakan
B) The Tengger caldera floor
C) The village of Cemoro Lawang
D) The rim of the Bromo crater
- 5. Mount Bromo is an active volcano. What is the main type of eruption that Bromo is known for?
A) Hawaiian eruptions (effusive lava flows)
B) Plinian eruptions (large, explosive)
C) Phreatic eruptions (steam-driven)
D) Strombolian eruptions (mild explosions)
- 6. The Tenggerese people are indigenous to the area around Mount Bromo and have unique cultural practices. What is the name of the major annual festival held by the Tenggerese people?
A) Hari Raya Idul Fitri
B) Yadnya Kasada
C) Gamelan Festival
D) Nyepi
- 7. During the Yadnya Kasada festival, offerings are made to the volcano. What do the Tenggerese people typically offer?
A) Vegetables, fruits, livestock, and money
B) Gold and precious jewels
C) Incense and prayer beads
D) Sacrificial animals only
- 8. Mount Bromo is part of the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. What other famous active volcano is located within this same national park?
A) Mount Rinjani
B) Mount Semeru
C) Mount Merapi
D) Mount Agung
- 9. The Bromo caldera itself is quite large. What is the approximate diameter of the Bromo caldera?
A) About 1 kilometer (0.6 miles)
B) About 50 kilometers (31 miles)
C) About 25 kilometers (15 miles)
D) About 10 kilometers (6 miles)
- 10. To reach the crater rim of Mount Bromo, visitors often have to climb. What is the primary mode of transport across the Sea of Sand to the base of the volcano?
A) Motorcycle
B) Jeep or horseback
C) Bus
D) Walking only
- 11. The air around Bromo can be quite thin due to its altitude. What is a common recommendation for visitors regarding physical exertion?
A) Pace yourself and take breaks.
B) Avoid any strenuous activity.
C) Drink plenty of caffeine.
D) Run to the top for the best experience.
- 12. The name 'Bromo' is believed to be derived from the Javanese word for Brahma, the Hindu god of creation. This reflects the cultural influences in the region. What is the main religion practiced by the Tenggerese people?
A) Buddhism
B) Hinduism (a syncretic form)
C) Islam
D) Christianity
- 13. Mount Bromo is a stratovolcano. What is a stratovolcano characterized by?
A) A cluster of volcanic domes.
B) A large, collapsed caldera.
C) Broad, gently sloping sides with fluid lava.
D) Steep conical shape with alternating layers of lava and ash.
- 14. The volcanic activity of Bromo has shaped the local economy. What is a major economic activity for the communities surrounding Mount Bromo?
A) Mining of rare minerals
B) Industrial manufacturing
C) Rice farming
D) Tourism
- 15. What is the geological age of the Tengger Caldera, of which Bromo is a part?
A) Mesozoic (252 to 66 million years ago)
B) Pleistocene (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago)
C) Holocene (last 11,700 years)
D) Cenozoic (66 million years ago to present)
- 16. The landscape of Bromo is often compared to other desert-like environments. What is a key difference between the Sea of Sand at Bromo and a typical desert?
A) It is much flatter and more expansive.
B) It is composed of volcanic ash and sand, not just rock fragments.
C) It has significantly more vegetation.
D) It experiences much colder temperatures.
- 17. The weather at Mount Bromo can be unpredictable. What is the typical climate like at higher elevations, especially during sunrise?
A) Hot and humid
B) Mild and rainy
C) Very hot and dry
D) Cold and windy
- 18. What is the nearest major city to Mount Bromo, often used as a starting point for tours?
A) Surabaya
B) Yogyakarta
C) Denpasar
D) Bandung
- 19. The volcanic ash from eruptions can travel long distances. What are the potential impacts of volcanic ash on air travel?
A) Improved visibility for pilots
B) Disruption and cancellation of flights
C) Enhanced engine performance
D) No significant impact
- 20. The Tengger caldera is a large caldera formed by the collapse of a much larger volcano. What is the likely cause of such a collapse?
A) Impact from a large meteorite.
B) Subsidence due to tectonic plate movement.
C) A massive eruption emptying the magma chamber.
D) Continuous erosion over millions of years.
- 21. The unique landscape of Bromo has made it a popular filming location. For what genre of films is it particularly well-suited due to its dramatic scenery?
A) Documentaries about marine life
B) Romantic comedies
C) Historical dramas
D) Science fiction or fantasy
- 22. When visiting Mount Bromo, it is essential to be aware of safety guidelines. What is one crucial safety precaution to observe?
A) Approach the active crater closely to feel the heat.
B) Climb over any fences for a better view.
C) Stay within designated paths and observe warning signs.
D) Ignore local guides' advice.
- 23. The geological formations around Bromo, like the 'Whispering Sands', are a result of volcanic processes. What is the primary material that forms these sands?
A) Eroded river rocks
B) Fine volcanic ash and pumice
C) Crushed seashells
D) Sediments from a ancient lake
- 24. What is the typical time of day when the volcanic gases and steam are most visible rising from the crater of Mount Bromo?
A) Throughout the night
B) Midday, under the harshest sun
C) Early morning, especially after sunrise
D) Late afternoon, as the sun sets
- 25. The Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park is a protected area. What is one of the primary goals of establishing such national parks?
A) Exclusive use by local royalty
B) Conservation of natural resources and biodiversity
C) Urban expansion and housing projects
D) Industrial development for economic growth
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