Anti-authoritarianism - Quiz
  • 1. In which decade did Erich Fromm begin investigating authoritarian and anti-authoritarian sentiments?
A) 1930s
B) 1920s
C) 1950s
D) 1940s
  • 2. Which German sociologist began investigating authoritarian and anti-authoritarian sentiments in the Weimar Republic?
A) Jose Meloen
B) Benjamin Spock
C) Erich Fromm
D) Theodor W. Adorno
  • 3. When did Fromm's Frankfurt School begin developing an interest in resistance to authority?
A) 1920s
B) 1950s
C) 1930s
D) 1970s
  • 4. Through the lens of what political concept did the Frankfurt School initially consider resistance to authority in the 1930s?
A) Revolutionary politics
B) Fascist ideology
C) Bourgeois democracy
D) Laissez-faire parenting
  • 5. Who published the book The Authoritarian Personality in 1950?
A) Theodor W. Adorno
B) Benjamin Spock
C) Jose Meloen
D) Erich Fromm
  • 6. According to Adorno's study, what were anti-authoritarian individuals referred to as?
A) Totalitarians
B) Autocrats
C) Low-scorers
D) High-scorers
  • 7. Which of the following are anti-authoritarian 'low-scorers' opposed to?
A) Hierarchy, injustice, autocracy and totalitarianism
B) Individual autonomy and critical thinking
C) Conscientious objection and protests
D) Laissez-faire parenting approaches
  • 8. How many broad types did Adorno categorise anti-authoritarians into?
A) Three
B) Five
C) Four
D) Six
  • 9. Which anti-authoritarian type displayed a strong sense of autonomy, critical thinking capacity, and moral courage?
A) Rigid low-scorers
B) Impulsive low-scorers
C) Protesting low-scorers
D) Genuine liberal
  • 10. Which anti-authoritarian type had a dogmatic and superficial understanding of left-wing politics?
A) Impulsive low-scorers
B) Genuine liberal
C) Rigid low-scorers
D) Easygoing low-scorers
  • 11. Which anti-authoritarian type rarely took action in accordance with their ideas due to psychological problems?
A) Protesting low-scorers
B) Rigid low-scorers
C) Genuine liberal
D) Impulsive low-scorers
  • 12. Which anti-authoritarian type was unable to maintain a stable political ideology?
A) Impulsive low-scorers
B) Rigid low-scorers
C) Protesting low-scorers
D) Easygoing low-scorers
  • 13. Which anti-authoritarian type preferred to focus on improving their individual situation rather than participating in social action?
A) Impulsive low-scorers
B) Easygoing low-scorers
C) Protesting low-scorers
D) Genuine liberal
  • 14. Who used the term 'anti-authoritarianism' to describe a laissez-faire approach to parenting?
A) Jose Meloen
B) Theodor W. Adorno
C) Erich Fromm
D) Benjamin Spock
  • 15. Which psychologists conducted a 1972 study finding that agreement with anti-authoritarian statements was negatively correlated with socioeconomic status?
A) Erich Fromm and Frankfurt School members
B) Theodor W. Adorno and colleagues
C) J. Martin and J. Ray
D) Jose Meloen and colleagues
  • 16. According to the 1972 study by J. Martin and J. Ray, agreement with anti-authoritarian statements was positively correlated with indicators of what?
A) Neuroticism
B) Higher education
C) Socioeconomic status
D) Conservative politics
  • 17. Which South African psychologist conducted a 1991 study on anti-authoritarian activism and education levels?
A) Theodor W. Adorno
B) J. Ray
C) Jose Meloen
D) Benjamin Spock
  • 18. According to Jose Meloen's 1991 study, how many times more likely were anti-authoritarians than authoritarians to engage in activism?
A) Nine times
B) Twenty times
C) Five times
D) Two times
  • 19. According to Jose Meloen's 1991 study, higher levels of education correlated with what?
A) Higher levels of neuroticism
B) Increased socioeconomic status only
C) Lower degrees of anti-authoritarianism
D) Higher degrees of anti-authoritarianism
  • 20. What did Meloen find regarding authoritarian engagement in anti-authoritarian behaviour?
A) It was consistent and widespread
B) It matched the activism levels of genuine liberals
C) It was completely non-existent
D) It was inconsistent and often isolated to individual situations
  • 21. What strong sense of anti-authoritarianism emerged in Europe after World War II?
A) Anti-imperialism
B) Anti-globalism
C) Anti-capitalism
D) Anti-fascism
  • 22. What two factors were attributed to the strong post-WWII sense of anti-authoritarianism in Europe?
A) Laissez-faire parenting and high socioeconomic status
B) The rise of the Beat Generation and Vietnam War protests
C) Left-wing dogmatism and psychological problems
D) Active resistance from occupation and fears arising from superpower development
  • 23. Anti-authoritarianism has been associated with countercultural and what other type of movements?
A) Authoritarian regimes
B) Mainstream political parties
C) Bohemian movements
D) Industrial worker unions
  • 24. Which politically radical group in the 1950s had anti-authoritarian attitudes taken up by 1960s activists?
A) The Frankfurt School
B) The Hong Kong protesters
C) The Weimar Republic workers
D) The Beat Generation
  • 25. Opposition to United States involvement in which war was largely led by anti-authoritarians?
A) The Cold War
B) The Vietnam War
C) World War I
D) World War II
  • 26. In addition to participating in anti-war protests, how else did anti-authoritarians largely oppose US involvement in the Vietnam War?
A) Laissez-faire parenting
B) Extradition bills
C) Socioeconomic status reduction
D) Conscientious objection
  • 27. Following what event in 1997 did an anti-authoritarian movement grow in Hong Kong?
A) The handover of Hong Kong
B) The publication of The Authoritarian Personality
C) The end of World War II
D) The Vietnam War
  • 28. The anti-authoritarian movement in Hong Kong grew in response to the increasing power of the government of which country over the region?
A) China
B) United States
C) Germany
D) South Africa
  • 29. What protests culminated the anti-authoritarian movement in Hong Kong during 2019–2020?
A) Protests against laissez-faire parenting
B) Protests against industrial working conditions
C) Protests against United States involvement in wars
D) Protests against a proposed extradition bill
  • 30. What was the eventual outcome of the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests against the extradition bill?
A) The bill was passed unanimously
B) The government increased its power without resistance
C) The bill was forced to be withdrawn
D) The Beat Generation took over leadership
  • 31. What do anti-authoritarians typically believe in regarding the law?
A) Judicial supremacy over the state
B) Lawlessness and chaos
C) Full equality before the law
D) Immunity for government officials
  • 32. With which ideology is the term anti-authoritarianism sometimes used interchangeably?
A) Anarchism
B) Capitalism
C) Technocracy
D) Totalitarianism
  • 33. What does analytic philosophy allow the reader to do regarding an author's argument?
A) Reject any philosophical argument made by the author
B) Deffer completely to the author's superior education
C) Accept all statements as infallible truth
D) Censor the author's work
  • 34. When an analytic reader disagrees with an author, how are they entitled to regard the author?
A) As a legal criminal
B) As mistaken
C) As malicious
D) As an unquestionable authority
  • 35. What kind of society do anarchists seek to establish in place of existing institutions?
A) A heavily policed democratic republic
B) A non-coercive or non-authoritarian society
C) An absolute monarchy
D) A centrally planned technocratic society
  • 36. How do anarchists view authority in terms of moral legitimacy?
A) As lacking in moral legitimacy
B) As essential for moral survival
C) As morally superior to individuals
D) As divinely inspired
  • 37. What French anarchist summed up the revolutionary goal of anarchism to be 'no more authority'?
A) Sébastien Faure
B) Mikhail Bakunin
C) Errico Malatesta
D) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
  • 38. Who claimed that everyone who fights against authority is an anarchist?
A) Mikhail Bakunin
B) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
C) Sébastien Faure
D) Hal Draper
  • 39. How did Italian anarchist Errico Malatesta define anarchy?
A) The complete destruction of human relations
B) A society organised without authority
C) A state governed by scientific experts
D) The rule of the strongest individual
  • 40. Which Russian anarchist accepted the methodological authority of science while rejecting political authority?
A) Mikhail Bakunin
B) Saul Newman
C) Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
D) Friedrich Engels
  • 41. What did Mikhail Bakunin consider to be the 'sole legitimate authority'?
A) The state
B) Parents
C) The church
D) Science
  • 42. What 1872 essay by Friedrich Engels condemned anarchist anti-authoritarianism?
A) Mutual Aid
B) God and the State
C) The State and Revolution
D) On Authority
  • 43. Whose authority did Friedrich Engels present a justification for in his 1872 essay?
A) An absolute monarch
B) A technocracy
C) The individual sovereign
D) Religious clergy
  • 44. Which American Marxist criticized the anti-authoritarianism of individualist anarchism?
A) John C. Clark
B) Richard T. De George
C) Hal Draper
D) Saul Newman
  • 45. What motivates pragmatist anti-authoritarians according to the text?
A) Enforcing strict regulations through an external authority figure
B) Adhering to the morality of a non-human higher power
C) Establishing absolute objectivity through paternalism
D) Constructing a better future for humanity through fraternal cooperation
  • 46. How are anti-authoritarian ethics developed according to pragmatism?
A) Through cultural inheritance
B) Through strict governmental regulation
C) Through biological evolution
D) Through the decrees of a higher power
  • 47. What does an anti-authoritarian epistemology prioritise?
A) Intersubjectivity
B) Absolute individualism
C) Supposed objectivity
D) Divine revelation
  • 48. Which American philosopher developed an anti-authoritarian philosophy in reaction against his religious education?
A) John Dewey
B) Ralph Waldo Emerson
C) William James
D) Charles Sanders Peirce
  • 49. How did John Dewey believe humans should regulate themselves?
A) Through democratic cooperation with others
B) Through the desires of authority figures
C) Through obedience to a non-human higher power
D) Through strict paternalistic rules
  • 50. What did John Dewey believe authority ought to be replaced with?
A) Regulation
B) Paternalism
C) Obligation
D) Fraternity
  • 51. How were modern technology and liberal democracy established, according to Dewey?
A) Through religious paternalism
B) Through authoritarian obligation
C) Through fraternal cooperation
D) Through a non-human higher power
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