- 1. What is the capital of the Basque Country?
A) Bilbao
B) San Sebastián
C) Pamplona
D) Vitoria-Gasteiz
- 2. Which famous city in the Basque Country is known for its Guggenheim Museum?
A) San Sebastián
B) Vitoria-Gasteiz
C) Rentería
D) Bilbao
- 3. What traditional Basque festival is known for its strongman competitions?
A) San Fermín
B) Herri Kirolak
C) La Tomatina
D) Fallas
- 4. Which river flows through the Basque capital of Vitoria-Gasteiz?
A) Ebro
B) Zadorra
C) Oria
D) Nervión
- 5. Which mountain range runs through the Basque Country?
A) Appalachians
B) Alps
C) Andes
D) Pyrenees
- 6. Which city in the Basque Country is famous for its Film Festival?
A) Vitoria-Gasteiz
B) San Sebastián
C) Pamplona
D) Bilbao
- 7. What is a famous annual festival in the Basque country, known for its running of the bulls?
A) La Fallas
B) La Tomatina
C) San Fermín
D) Oktoberfest
- 8. What is the traditional Basque dance called?
A) Flamenco
B) Aurresku
C) Jota
D) Sardana
- 9. What is the Basque term for 'Basque Country'?
A) Herri Euskara
B) País Vasco
C) Pays basque
D) Euskal Herria
- 10. Which languages have names for the Basque Country as 'Basque: Euskal Herria', 'Spanish: País Vasco', and 'French: Pays basque'?
A) Arabic, Russian, Chinese
B) English, German, Italian
C) Portuguese, Catalan, Galician
D) Basque, Spanish, French
- 11. Which two Autonomous Communities in Spain are part of the Basque Country?
A) Basque Country and Navarre
B) Catalonia and Valencia
C) Andalusia and Extremadura
D) Galicia and Asturias
- 12. What is the main language spoken in the Basque Country?
A) Catalan
B) Basque (Euskara)
C) French
D) Spanish
- 13. Which area of Navarre has a majority that does not consider themselves Basque?
A) South of Navarre
B) North of Navarre
C) East of Navarre
D) West of Navarre
- 14. What is the literal translation of 'Euskal Herria'?
A) 'Country/nation/people/settlement of the Basque language'
B) 'Place of the sun'
C) 'Home of the mountains'
D) 'Land of the brave'
- 15. In which century was the term 'Euskal Herria' first used in Joan Perez de Lazarraga's manuscript?
A) 15th century
B) 18th century
C) 17th century
D) 16th century
- 16. How many traditional territories are included in the Basque Country according to Axular's work?
A) Five
B) Nine
C) Seven
D) Ten
- 17. Which city is the capital of Navarre?
A) Bilbao
B) Vitoria-Gasteiz
C) Donostia-San Sebastián
D) Pamplona-Iruña
- 18. How many provinces make up the Basque Autonomous Community?
A) Three
B) One
C) Four
D) Two
- 19. Which provision in the Spanish Constitution allows Navarre to join the Basque Autonomous Community?
A) Second Amendment
B) Fourth Transitory Provision
C) Third Article
D) First Constitutional Clause
- 20. What is the area of the Chartered Community of Navarre in square kilometers?
A) 20 km2
B) 10,391 km2
C) 7,234 km2
D) 280 km2
- 21. Which political party was the ruling party in Navarre until 2015?
A) Navarrese People's Union
B) People's Party
C) Basque Nationalist Party
D) Spanish Socialist Workers' Party
- 22. What is the name of the Castilian enclave in Álava?
A) Petilla de Aragón
B) Valle de Villaverde
C) Biscay Enclave
D) Treviño enclave
- 23. Which enclave is located in Biscay?
A) Petilla de Aragón
B) Álava Enclave
C) Treviño enclave
D) Valle de Villaverde
- 24. How many enclaves does Navarre hold in Aragon?
A) Two
B) One
C) Four
D) Three
- 25. What is the climate of Bayonne and Biarritz similar to?
A) Tundra climate
B) Green Spain's coastal areas
C) Continental Mediterranean climate
D) Desert climate
- 26. What geological feature lies at the western end of the Pyrenees?
A) La Demanda Massif
B) Cinco Villas Massif
C) Triassic Basque-Cantabrian Basin
D) Asturian Massif
- 27. Which massif is located to the west of the Basque-Cantabrian Basin?
A) La Demanda Massif
B) Cinco Villas Massif
C) Quinto Real Massif
D) Asturian Massif
- 28. What type of limestone is part of the stratigraphic column in the Basque-Cantabrian Basin?
A) Supra-Urgonian Complex
B) Wealdian Complex
C) Siliclastic sediments
D) Urgonian Limestone
- 29. Which mineral was mined from the Urgonian limestone?
A) Galena
B) Siderite
C) Zinc
D) Copper
- 30. How much iron ore was produced from mining siderite in the mid 19th to early 20th century?
A) 100 million tons
B) 50 million tons
C) More than 300 million tons
D) 500 million tons
- 31. Which Greek writer mentioned Basque tribes?
A) Homer
B) Strabo
C) Thucydides
D) Herodotus
- 32. What language contains inscriptions recording names of people and gods in Roman times?
A) Latin
B) Greek
C) Aquitanian language
D) Celtic
- 33. What was the territory between the Ebro and Garonne rivers known as in the Early Middle Ages?
A) Navarre
B) Vasconia
C) Aquitaine
D) Cantabria
- 34. Which English stronghold remained until 1453 in the Basque territories?
A) Bordeaux
B) Bayonne
C) Toulouse
D) Nantes
- 35. Which people were often at odds with and finally overcome by the Visigoths?
A) Romans
B) Franks
C) Vascones
D) Cantabri
- 36. What was the outcome of the Hundred Years' War for Labourd and Soule?
A) They were incorporated into France.
B) They remained under English suzerainty.
C) They gained independence from England.
D) They became part of the Kingdom of Castile.
- 37. In what year did King Henry III of Navarre decree Navarre's permanent independence from France?
A) 1609
B) 1525
C) 1596
D) 1620
- 38. When did the Basque witch trials reach their peak?
A) 1609–1611
B) 1620–1622
C) 1936–1938
D) 1525–1527
- 39. What cry did the Basques support during the Carlist Wars?
A) "God, Fatherland, King"
B) "For God and Country"
C) "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity"
D) "Unity in Diversity"
- 40. When was the first modern Basque public university founded?
A) 18 November 1936
B) 1897
C) 1970s
D) 1901
- 41. Which Basque city is known for its surfing spots on the world surf circuit?
A) Biarritz
B) Zegama
C) Mundaka
D) Vitoria-Gasteiz
- 42. What is the name of the Basque cycling team that was partly funded by the Basque Government?
A) Movistar Team
B) Banesto
C) Euskaltel–Euskadi
D) Biarritz Olympique Pays Basque
- 43. In which year did ETA declare a permanent ceasefire?
A) 1998
B) 2010
C) 1989
D) 2006
- 44. Which ideology does Sortu reject as a means of achieving political goals?
A) Pacifism
B) Nationalism
C) Socialism
D) Violence
- 45. Which party secured a seat in Navarre during the 2011 Spanish parliamentary elections?
A) Amaiur
B) Podemos
C) Geroa Bai
D) EH Bildu
- 46. What percentage of the population in the Basque Country Autonomous Community were born outside the region?
A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 20%
D) 40%
- 47. Which coalition came first in parliamentary seats during the 2011 Spanish parliamentary elections?
A) UPN-PP
B) Amaiur
C) Podemos
D) EH Bildu
- 48. What was the population of the Metropolitan area of Eibar in 2012?
A) 447,844 inhabitants
B) 984,745 inhabitants
C) 346,716 inhabitants
D) 70,000 inhabitants
- 49. Where was the University of Oñati initially located before moving to Oñati?
A) Sarriko
B) Deusto
C) Hernani
D) Bilbao
- 50. Which party is considered the main radical left-wing Basque nationalist party in the French Basque Country?
A) Abertzaleen Batasuna
B) The Republicans
C) Renaissance
D) Euskal Herria Bai
- 51. Which party is a co-founder of the coalition EH Bildu in the South?
A) Geroa Bai
B) Sortu
C) PNV
D) Eusko Alkartasuna
- 52. Which cyclist won the Tour de France five times?
A) Iban Mayo
B) Abraham Olano
C) Samuel Sánchez
D) Miguel Indurain
- 53. Which traditional Basque sport involves loading carts?
A) Sailing boats
B) Loading carts as a competition
C) Driving oxen
D) Fishing nets
- 54. What is the population density of Biscay in people per square kilometer?
A) About 140/km²
B) About 20/km²
C) About 360/km²
D) About 500/km²
- 55. Which sport is popular in Northern Basque Country and has produced players like Bixente Lizarazu?
A) Cycling
B) Football
C) Rugby Union
D) Surfing
- 56. What is the Basque sport that involves lifting stones?
A) Sokatira
B) Aizkolaritza
C) Idi probak
D) Harri-jasotzaileak
- 57. Which Basque cyclist won the Vuelta a España and the World Championship?
A) Abraham Olano
B) Samuel Sánchez
C) Miguel Indurain
D) Iban Mayo
- 58. Which group is notable for speaking a mixed language based on Basque grammar with Romani-derived vocabulary?
A) Mercheros
B) Cagots
C) Cascarots
D) Erromintxela
- 59. Which Basque player captained both Biarritz and France?
A) Michel Celaya
B) Samuel Sánchez
C) Serge Blanco
D) Haimar Zubeldia
- 60. Which Basque athlete is a former world champion in rock climbing?
A) Juanito Oiarzabal
B) Alberto Iñurrategi
C) Patxi Usobiaga
D) Edurne Pasaban
- 61. Which party is the main French green party and an ally of left-wing Basque nationalists in France?
A) National Rally
B) Europe Ecology – The Greens
C) Renaissance
D) The Republicans
- 62. Which Basque city hosts the popular Zegama-Aizkorri skyrunning races?
A) Vitoria-Gasteiz
B) Biarritz
C) Zegama
D) Mundaka
- 63. What was the population of the Agglomération Côte Basque Adour in 2013?
A) 277,812 inhabitants
B) 70,000 inhabitants
C) 126,072 inhabitants
D) 346,716 inhabitants
- 64. Which party is allied with the traditional French right and other center-right parties in the Basque Country?
A) French Socialist Party
B) Euskal Herria Bai
C) Renaissance
D) Union of Democrats and Independents
- 65. In which year was the University of Oñati founded?
A) 1540
B) 1598
C) 1605
D) 1612
- 66. What percentage of people living in the Basque Country Autonomous Community do not have a single Basque parent?
A) 60%
B) 40%
C) 50%
D) 30%
- 67. What derogatory term was used to refer to immigrants from other regions of Spain in the Basque Country?
A) Maketos
B) Ijituak
C) Buhameak
D) Kalderash
- 68. Which Basque football club used to practice a policy similar to Athletic Bilbao's but changed it in the late 1980s?
A) Eibar
B) Alavés
C) Osasuna
D) Real Sociedad
- 69. Who is considered the most renowned Basque footballer of all time?
A) Xabi Alonso
B) Mikel Arteta
C) Andoni Zubizarreta
D) Iker Muniain
- 70. Which party did a splinter group from Eusko Alkartasuna found?
A) Geroa Bai
B) Hamaikabat
C) EH Bildu
D) Sortu
- 71. What percentage of Basques in the Basque Autonomous Community support some kind of self-determination?
A) 36%
B) 70%
C) 50%
D) 60%
- 72. Which party was founded as a splinter group from PNV in 1984?
A) EH Bildu
B) Geroa Bai
C) Sortu
D) Eusko Alkartasuna (EA)
- 73. When were the regional Charters of the Southern Basque Country finally abolished?
A) 1620
B) 1931
C) 1609
D) 1876
- 74. Who is the president of the Northern Basque Country?
A) Emmanuel Macron
B) A representative from The Republicans
C) Jean-René Etchegaray
D) A member of Euskal Herria Bai
- 75. What is the name of Real Sociedad's mascot associated with organ grinders?
A) Harrotxu
B) Sociedad
C) Bilbaino
D) Txurdin
- 76. What traditional Basque sport is a form of tug-of-war?
A) Harri-jasotzaileak
B) Aizkolaritza
C) Idi probak
D) Sokatira
- 77. What was the population of Greater San Sebastian in 2014?
A) 984,745 inhabitants
B) 447,844 inhabitants
C) 346,716 inhabitants
D) 277,812 inhabitants
- 78. Which party was founded in February 2011 to fill the void left by outlawed parties?
A) Eusko Alkartasuna
B) EH Bildu
C) Geroa Bai
D) Sortu
- 79. Who succeeded Carlos Garaikoetxea as chair of Eusko Alkartasuna?
A) Iñigo Urkullu
B) Begoña Errazti
C) Peio Urizar
D) Xabier Arzalluz
- 80. Which Basque athlete became the first woman to climb all fourteen mountains over 8000 meters?
A) Edurne Pasaban
B) Josune Bereziartu
C) Alberto Iñurrategi
D) Juanito Oiarzabal
- 81. Which model in Navarre's education system provides education entirely in Spanish?
A) Model B
B) Model D
C) Model A
D) Model G
- 82. What is a notable characteristic of the French Basque Country's political status?
A) It lacks any political or administrative recognition whatsoever
B) It was recognized as an independent state in 1876
C) It is governed by a separate Basque parliament
D) It has full autonomy similar to the Spanish Basque Country
- 83. What was the primary reason for establishing the Bilbao Superior Technical School of Engineering in 1897?
A) To create a Jesuit university
B) To establish a public Basque university
C) To train business graduates
D) To provide engineers for local industry
- 84. Who was the charismatic lehendakari that led Eusko Alkartasuna for years?
A) Iñigo Urkullu
B) Carlos Garaikoetxea
C) Peio Urizar
D) Begoña Errazti
- 85. Which traditional Basque sport involves chopping wood?
A) Idi probak
B) Harri-jasotzaileak
C) Sokatira
D) Aizkolaritza
- 86. Which Basque player is known for winning two European Championships and one FIFA World Cup?
A) Mikel Arteta
B) Andoni Zubizarreta
C) Jon Andoni Goikoetxea
D) Xabi Alonso
- 87. How many people approximately left the Basque Autonomous Community over the last 25 years?
A) 300,000
B) 382,000
C) 230,000
D) 600,000
- 88. Which leftist coalition in Navarre is formed by United Left, Batzarre and Podemos?
A) Euskal Herria Bildu
B) Contigo-Zurekin
C) Geroa Bai
D) Navarra Suma
- 89. Which sport is associated with leading oxen to drag rocks in the Basque Country?
A) Sokatira
B) Idi probak
C) Harri-jasotzaileak
D) Aizkolaritza
- 90. Which far-right, France-wide party has a presence in the French Basque Country?
A) Euskal Herria Bai
B) National Rally
C) French Socialist Party
D) Union of Democrats and Independents
- 91. Which right-wing coalition formed by UPN, PP and Citizens won the 2019 Navarrese regional election?
A) Geroa Bai
B) Navarra Suma
C) Euskal Herria Bildu
D) Contigo-Zurekin
- 92. What was the population density in the northern inner provinces of Lower Navarre and Soule?
A) About 20/km²
B) About 360/km²
C) About 140/km²
D) About 500/km²
- 93. Which Basque player was a legendary French fullback with Basque heritage?
A) Michel Celaya
B) Serge Blanco
C) Haimar Zubeldia
D) Samuel Sánchez
- 94. Which organization manages the University of Navarre?
A) Mondragón Corporación Cooperativa
B) Opus Dei
C) Basque Government
D) Jesuits
- 95. What is the political orientation of EAJ-PNV-PNB?
A) Libertarian
B) Far-right
C) Social-democrat
D) Christian-democrat with moderate positions
- 96. Which Basque basketball club is based in Vitoria-Gasteiz?
A) Real Sociedad
B) Gipuzkoa BC
C) Saski Baskonia
D) Bilbao Basket
- 97. What was the reaction of Spanish nationalism towards the existence of the Basque Country?
A) Denying its very existence
B) Recognizing it as a separate region
C) Supporting its independence
D) Promoting its cultural heritage
- 98. Which historical minority group was allowed to marry only among themselves in Basque villages?
A) Mercheros
B) Erromintxela
C) Franks
D) Cagots
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