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The Psychology of Cognitive Biases - Exam
Contributed by: Hayward
  • 1. What is a cognitive bias?
A) An emotional response to stimuli.
B) A type of psychological disorder.
C) A systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.
D) A cognitive skill that enhances reasoning.
  • 2. Which cognitive bias causes people to favor information that confirms their existing beliefs?
A) Availability heuristic.
B) Overconfidence bias.
C) Confirmation bias.
D) Anchoring bias.
  • 3. What is hindsight bias?
A) Underestimating future uncertainties.
B) Being surprised by unpredicted outcomes.
C) Overconfidence in one's initial predictions.
D) Believing that an event was predictable after it has happened.
  • 4. In which scenario does the gambler's fallacy occur?
A) Believing that past random events affect future outcomes.
B) Relying solely on statistical evidence.
C) Seeing patterns where none exist.
D) Understanding that outcomes are independent.
  • 5. Which bias involves favoring information that is more recent?
A) Framing effect.
B) Recency bias.
C) Survivorship bias.
D) Confirmation bias.
  • 6. What is the illusion of control?
A) The belief that one can influence outcomes that are really beyond control.
B) A clear acknowledgment of randomness in events.
C) Relying on evidence-based predictions.
D) Feeling helpless in decision-making scenarios.
  • 7. What is the planning fallacy?
A) Relying on past performance data to predict future tasks.
B) Underestimating the time required to complete a task.
C) Improving accuracy through careful planning.
D) Overestimating costs in project planning.
  • 8. What is the affect heuristic?
A) Relying on statistical data exclusively.
B) Calculating probabilities before acting.
C) Making decisions based on emotions rather than logic.
D) Assessing risks through careful analysis.
  • 9. What does self-serving bias lead people to do?
A) Blame others exclusively for their victories.
B) Take equal responsibility for successes and failures.
C) Attribute successes to themselves and failures to external factors.
D) Minimize their own role in results.
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