A) They enter G0 B) They begin fermentation C) They replicate exponentially D) They increase cAMP production
A) Bmh2 B) TORC1 C) RAS-cAMP-PKA D) Sch9
A) PKA inhibits Rim15 B) PKA promotes cell entry into G0 C) PKA activates Rim15 D) PKA is deactivated
A) It prevents cell cycle arrest B) It promotes cell entry into G0 C) It inhibits transcription factors D) It degrades glucose
A) Entry into G0 B) Cell cycle arrest C) Cell proliferation D) Autophosphorylation of Rim15
A) cAMP production increases B) Rim15 is inhibited C) cAMP production declines D) PKA is activated further
A) It is anchored to Bmh2 B) It is phosphorylated at Thr1075 C) It is transported to the nucleus D) It is degraded
A) Sch9 B) Bmh2 C) TORC1 D) PKA
A) It increases fermentation B) It binds to glucose C) It inhibits cellular respiration D) It activates transcription factors
A) Through glucose depletion B) Through TORC1 activation C) Through Bmh2 binding D) Through autophosphorylation
A) Transcription factor activation B) Autophosphorylation C) Nuclear entry D) Cytoplasmic retention
A) Tyr100 B) Ser500 C) Thr1075 D) Thr200
A) The nitrogen cycle B) The G0 phase C) The PKA inhibition D) The diauxic shift
A) They are inactivated B) They are activated C) They are exported to the nucleus D) They are phosphorylated
A) Notch B) EZH1 C) Cyclin A2 D) FOXO3
A) High metabolic state B) Increased proliferation C) Low metabolic state D) Enhanced protein synthesis
A) p53 and Rb B) p21 and p27 C) FOXO3 and EZH1 D) Cyclin A2 and B1
A) H4K20me1 and H3K9me2 B) H3K79me2 and H3K4me1 C) H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 D) H3K9me3 and H3K36me3
A) Cyclin D1 and E2 B) Notch and FOXO3 C) p21 and p57 D) p53 and Rb
A) p21, p27, and p57 B) p53, Rb, and Notch C) Cyclin A2, B1, and E2 D) FOXO3, EZH1, and p53
A) JAK-STAT signaling B) Notch signaling C) Hedgehog signaling D) Wnt signaling
A) Degradation of p27 B) Phosphorylation of Rb C) Maintenance of G0 D) Downregulation of p53
A) p21 and p57 B) Cyclin B1 and survivin C) Notch and Rb D) FOXO3 and EZH1
A) Blood, bone, and adipose B) Neurons, skin, and liver C) Heart, lung, and kidney D) Hematopoietic, muscle, and hair follicle
A) Prevent exhaustion of the progenitor pool B) Promote rapid cell division C) Increase metabolic rate D) Initiate differentiation
A) RNA sequencing B) Karyotyping C) Western blotting D) Chromatin immunoprecipitation
A) Promote rapid DNA replication B) Increase metabolic pathways C) Regulate lineage decisions and control quiescence D) Decrease histone methylation
A) Liver cells B) Bone marrow stem cells C) Neuronal cells D) Skin cells
A) Quiescence index B) G0 population C) Growth fraction D) Terminal fraction
A) After the S phase B) In the G0 phase C) During mitosis D) In the G1 phase
A) Red blood cells B) Fully differentiated neurons C) Tumor cells D) Terminally differentiated muscle cells
A) Rapid protein synthesis B) Absence of apoptosis C) Telomere shortening D) Nutrient abundance
A) Apoptosis B) Differentiation C) Quiescence D) Mitosis
A) DNA methylation B) Ribosomal degradation C) miRNA synthesis D) Histone acetylation
A) Promoter region B) 3′ untranslated region C) 5′ capped end D) Exon junction
A) miR-102 B) miR-31 C) miR-126 D) miR-489
A) DEK oncogene B) LKB1 C) HIF1A D) Myf5
A) FOXO B) LKB1 C) HIF1A D) Myf5
A) Hypoxic conditions B) DNA damage C) Oxidative stress D) Metabolic stress
A) By secreting cytokines B) By entering the GAlert phase C) By increasing translation D) By inducing autophagy
A) PI3K B) mTORC1 C) HIF1A D) FOXO
A) Integrin beta-1 B) Insulin receptor C) HGF receptor cMet D) Notch receptor
A) Mature hepatocytes B) Erythrocytes C) Cardiomyocytes D) Neurons
A) More than 70 B) Exactly 10 C) More than 100 D) Less than 2
A) miR-21 B) miR-489 C) miR-31 D) miR-126
A) Renewable tissues B) Only the nervous system C) Exclusively in the liver D) Only in dead tissue
A) Collagen type IV B) Matrix metalloproteinases C) Insulin-like growth factor D) Hemoglobin
A) Diabetes B) Pulmonary hypertension C) Muscle atrophy D) Skin cancer
A) Satellite cells B) Sarcomeres C) Myofibers D) Myoblasts
A) Myocytes B) Satellite cells C) Stroma D) Myonuclei
A) Stem cells B) Sarcomeres C) Myocytes D) Myonuclei
A) Satellite cells B) Stroma C) Myonuclei D) Sarcomeres
A) Osteoclasts B) Osteoblasts C) Osteoprogenitors D) Osteocytes
A) Viral infection accumulation B) DNA damage, particularly oxidative damage C) Mitochondrial membrane rupture D) Excessive protein synthesis
A) Ume6 B) Rim15 C) Msn2 D) Gis1
A) Histone deacetylases B) Cell membrane transporters C) DNA polymerases D) Ribosomal subunits
A) Promoters containing stress-response elements (STREs) B) Promoters containing cell cycle start sites C) Promoters containing meiotic initiation signals D) Promoters containing PDS elements
A) Sensing oxidative stress B) Degrading glucose molecules C) Repressing EMG expression D) Binding directly to DNA
A) Transcription factor family B) Meiotic activator family C) PAS kinase family D) Histone deacetylase family
A) Cyclin D-Cdk4 B) Sch9-TORC1 C) Cyclin C-Cdk3 D) Pho80-Pho85
A) Pho81 B) Pho4 C) Rim15 D) Bmh2
A) S100/200 B) S807/811 C) T500/505 D) Thr1075
A) Delayed transition B) Permanent arrest C) No effect D) Immediate transition
A) p130 B) p107 C) E2F D) Cdk
A) p107 B) p130 C) RNA polymerase I D) E2F1
A) Cdk B) p130 C) p107 D) E2F4 |