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Angkor - Quiz
Contributed by: Simpson
  • 1. Approximately how many tourists visit Angkor per year?
A) Five million
B) Ten million
C) Two million
D) Five hundred thousand
  • 2. What type of stone are the monuments at Angkor primarily made of?
A) Limestone
B) Sandstone
C) Marble
D) Granite
  • 3. When did Western tourism to Angkor begin?
A) The 1950s
B) The 1990s
C) The 1920s
D) The 1970s
  • 4. When did UNESCO begin moving towards the conservation of Angkor?
A) 1985
B) 2000
C) 1992
D) 1975
  • 5. Why were non-religious buildings in Angkorian times constructed with wood?
A) Because wood was more earthquake resistant
B) Because stone was too expensive
C) Because stone was not available
D) Because only gods were entitled to stone residences
  • 6. What is the primary reason the Cambodian government is hesitant to restrict tourism at Angkor?
A) Tourism is vital to the economy
B) The government does not care about conservation
C) Tourism is a religious requirement
D) International treaties forbid closing the site
  • 7. What is one specific challenge mentioned regarding the Cambodian government's management of the site?
A) Lack of international funding
B) Lack of interest from local people
C) The site is too small to manage
D) Failure to organize a robust team of specialists
  • 8. What types of buildings at Angkor have survived to the present day?
A) Military fortifications
B) Residential palaces
C) Government administrative buildings
D) Religious edifices
  • 9. What is the main reason it is easier to write the history of Angkorian state religion?
A) There were no other aspects of society
B) Archaeologists are only interested in religion
C) The government only kept religious records
D) The majority of surviving inscriptions are about religious foundations
  • 10. Which form of Hinduism was focused on the worship of Vishnu?
A) Animism
B) Buddhism
C) Vaishnavism
D) Shaivism
  • 11. Which religious movement identified the king with a deity?
A) Theravada Buddhism
B) Mahayana Buddhism
C) A royal cult of personality
D) Shaivism
  • 12. What has been part of the movement to limit the impact of tourism at Angkor?
A) Replacing stone with wood
B) Opening only certain areas of the site
C) Banning all photography
D) Charging ten thousand dollars for admission
  • 13. Besides Angkor, where else was the royal cult of personality present in Southeast Asia?
A) India and China
B) Japan and Korea
C) Thailand and Laos
D) Champa and Java
  • 14. What is the lingam a symbol of in Shaivism?
A) Vishnu
B) Ancestor spirits
C) The king
D) Shiva
  • 15. Why has the implementation of 1992 precautionary measures struggled?
A) A lack of tourist interest
B) The monuments were fully restored already
C) Religious groups blocked the measures
D) Conflicts of interest and poor government organization
  • 16. According to Coedès, what cult's erosion undermined Angkor's government?
A) Devaraja
B) Vishnu
C) Shiva
D) Buddha
  • 17. What public works were essential for the irrigation of Angkor's rice fields?
A) Walls
B) Waterways
C) Roadways
D) Bridges
  • 18. Which disease have scholars hypothesized as a possible cause for Angkor's decline?
A) Influenza
B) Malaria
C) Bubonic Plague
D) Cholera
  • 19. What did a study of tree rings in Vietnam reveal about the 14th–15th centuries?
A) Extreme heat waves
B) Weakened monsoons
C) Increased volcanic activity
D) Severe forest fires
  • 20. What phenomenon followed the weakened monsoons in the 14th–15th centuries?
A) Extreme flooding
B) Heavy snowfall
C) Persistent drought
D) Tsunamis
  • 21. Who was the first recorded European visitor to Angkor Wat in 1586?
A) António da Madalena
B) Anna Leonowens
C) Louis Delaporte
D) Henri Mouhot
  • 22. Which nationality established settlements alongside the Khmer in the 17th century?
A) Portuguese
B) Japanese
C) French
D) British
  • 23. In what year did Ukondafu Kazufusa celebrate the Khmer New Year at Angkor?
A) 1907
B) 1632
C) 1860
D) 1586
  • 24. Which European visitor publicized Angkor in 1860?
A) Henri Mouhot
B) Louis Delaporte
C) António da Madalena
D) Adolf Bastian
  • 25. Which organization directed restoration work at Angkor from 1907 to 1970?
A) UNESCO
B) École française d'Extrême-Orient
C) World Monuments Fund
D) APSARA
  • 26. What method involves taking temples apart stone by stone and reassembling them on concrete foundations?
A) Anastylosis
B) Archeological stripping
C) Restoration layering
D) Structural reconstruction
  • 27. Which organization was created in 1995 to manage Angkor and the Siem Reap region?
A) World Monuments Fund
B) ICC
C) APSARA
D) École française d'Extrême-Orient
  • 28. What is the length of the 'Churning of the Sea of Milk' bas-relief frieze?
A) 20 meters
B) 10 meters
C) 49 meters
D) 100 meters
  • 29. Which of these is NOT mentioned as a site aided by the World Monuments Fund?
A) Preah Khan
B) Angkor Thom
C) Phnom Bakheng
D) Ta Som
  • 30. When did the Angkorian period begin?
A) In 1200 AD
B) Circa 781 AD
C) In 889 AD
D) Shortly after 800 AD
  • 31. Who was the king that announced the independence of Kambujadesa from Java?
A) Yasovarman
B) Jayavarman II
C) The King of Chenla
D) The God-King
  • 32. What was the first capital of Jayavarman II?
A) Hariharalaya
B) Yasodharapura
C) Indrapura
D) Mahendraparvata
  • 33. Where was the first capital of Jayavarman II located?
A) Banteay Prei Nokor
B) Kulen mountains
C) Phnom Bakheng
D) Tonle Sap
  • 34. What title did Jayavarman II declare for himself in 802 AD?
A) God of the Lake
B) Lion-man
C) King of Chenla
D) Universal monarch
  • 35. Which deity was the cult of the 'god-king' (devaraja) linked to?
A) Vishnu
B) Siva
C) Ganesha
D) Brahma
  • 36. Who ascended to the throne in 889 AD?
A) Jayavarman II
B) The builder of Tikal
C) The King of Champa
D) Yasovarman
  • 37. What was the name of the new city constructed by Yasovarman?
A) Hariharalaya
B) Mahendraparvata
C) Yasodharapura
D) Indrapura
  • 38. What is the name of the massive reservoir constructed by Yasovarman?
A) Lingam
B) Ashram
C) Tikal
D) Baray
  • 39. What mountain is represented by elevated temples in Angkorian architecture?
A) Banteay Prei Nokor
B) Phnom Bakheng
C) Mount Meru
D) Kulen mountains
  • 40. How many major temples are found within the Angkor area?
A) Around 72
B) Over 1,000
C) Several hundred
D) Exactly 15
  • 41. What did the 'god-king' use to represent himself in the central temple?
A) A lingam
B) A statue of a lion
C) A veda
D) A baray
  • 42. Which city is cited as the nearest rival to Angkor's spatial extent?
A) Chenla
B) Paris
C) Tikal
D) Java
  • 43. What were the retreats for ascetics built by Yasovarman called?
A) Lingams
B) Vedas
C) Barays
D) Ashrams
  • 44. What was the name of the former kingdom of Jayavarman II?
A) Funan
B) Chenla
C) Kambuja
D) Champa
  • 45. What kind of layout do the roads and canals of Angkor create?
A) A grid-like outline
B) A chaotic maze
C) A circular pattern
D) A single straight line
  • 46. How were nearby sites primarily connected to Angkor?
A) Via mountain paths
B) Via main roads
C) Via underground tunnels
D) Via rivers
  • 47. What feature ran alongside the elevated roads in Angkor?
A) Market stalls
B) Stone walls
C) Ditches
D) Row of trees
  • 48. What could the trenches alongside the roads be used for during heavy rain?
A) Water transport between communities
B) Growing fish
C) Collecting gold
D) Storing stone tools
  • 49. How did the complexity of road construction change over time?
A) They became simpler
B) They remained exactly the same
C) They became shorter
D) They became more complexly constructed
  • 50. What do archaeologists believe was the main use of the roads based on their expansion with the economy?
A) Entertainment
B) Animal migration
C) Funeral processions
D) Communication
  • 51. What technology was used to uncover structures in the dense forest of Angkor?
A) Ground-penetrating radar
B) LiDAR
C) Satellite photography
D) X-ray imaging
  • 52. What was found inside each block of the Angkor grid?
A) Factories and shops
B) Homes or reservoirs
C) Temples and palaces only
D) Cemeteries and tombs
  • 53. What year was the shift from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age dated to?
A) 14th Century
B) 500 AD
C) 1113 AD
D) 420 BC
  • 54. Which site contained remains of iron development such as iron slag?
A) Angkor Wat
B) Preah Khan
C) Mount Meru
D) Kulen Mountain
  • 55. What unique property of the sandstone allows for identifying stages of development?
A) Weight and density
B) Magnetic ability
C) Reflective properties
D) Color changing capacity
  • 56. What do the outer walls of Angkor Wat represent?
A) Mountains enclosing the world
B) The gates of the underworld
C) The walls of the royal city
D) The battlefields of the king
  • 57. What does the moat at Angkor Wat represent?
A) A place for ritual cleansing
B) A defensive water barrier
C) The irrigation system
D) The oceans beyond
  • 58. What is the literal meaning of the word Angkor?
A) Holy mountain
B) Capital city
C) Ancient ruins
D) Great kingdom
  • 59. In which present-day country is Angkor located?
A) Vietnam
B) Laos
C) Cambodia
D) Thailand
  • 60. The word Angkor is derived from which Sanskrit word meaning city?
A) Nagara
B) Nokor
C) Kulen
D) Yasodharapura
  • 61. In what year was Angkor sacked by the Ayutthaya?
A) 1431
B) 1351
C) 1992
D) 802
  • 62. Where did the population migrate after the sacking of Angkor?
A) Siem Reap
B) Kulen Hills
C) Longvek
D) Tonlé Sap
  • 63. Angkor is located south of which geographic feature?
A) The ocean
B) Great Lake
C) The capital city
D) Kulen Hills
  • 64. How many temples are estimated to be in the Angkor area?
A) Over one thousand
B) Exactly five hundred
C) Exactly ten thousand
D) Less than one hundred
  • 65. What was Angkor considered because of its water management network?
A) A floating city
B) A mountain fortress
C) A hydraulic city
D) An industrial hub
  • 66. What technology helped researchers discover that Angkor was the largest pre-industrial city?
A) Radar navigation
B) Thermal imaging
C) Deep sea sonar
D) Satellite photographs
  • 67. What was the reason for the water management system's irrigation?
A) Offsetting the unpredictable monsoon season
B) Preventing forest fires
C) Increasing temple size
D) Cooling the palace floors
  • 68. What religious group besides Hindu and Buddhist was mentioned as being present at Angkor?
A) Jain
B) Shaivite
C) Protestant
D) Shinto
  • 69. The Ayutthaya empire held suzerainty over Angkor starting in what year?
A) 1431
B) 1351
C) 921
D) 802
  • 70. Which group launched a water-borne invasion of the Khmer kingdom in 1177?
A) The Yuan
B) The Vietnamese
C) The Cham
D) The Thai
  • 71. In what year did Jayavarman VII assume the throne?
A) 1181
B) 1296
C) 1150
D) 1177
  • 72. What is the name of the temple that served as the geographic and spiritual center of Angkor Thom?
A) Angkor Wat
B) Preah Khan
C) Ta Prohm
D) The Bayon
  • 73. To whom did Jayavarman VII dedicate the temples of Ta Prohm and Preah Khan?
A) His parents
B) The Buddha
C) His generals
D) His children
  • 74. What religion did Jayavarman VII adopt as his personal faith?
A) Confucianism
B) Mahayana Buddhism
C) Hinduism
D) Theravada Buddhism
  • 75. Which religion became the dominant religion of the land from the 14th century?
A) Islam
B) Hinduism
C) Mahayana Buddhism
D) Theravada Buddhism
  • 76. Who was the Chinese diplomat that arrived at Angkor in 1296?
A) Zhou Daguan
B) Suryavarman
C) Indravarman III
D) Jayavarman VII
  • 77. During whose reign did Zhou Daguan visit the Khmer capital?
A) Indravarman III
B) Jayavarman II
C) Suryavarman
D) Jayavarman VII
  • 78. What did the sovereign hold in his hand during the royal procession described by Zhou Daguan?
A) A lotus flower
B) A Buddhist scroll
C) A royal scepter
D) A sacred sword
  • 79. On what animal was the sovereign standing during the royal procession?
A) A horse
B) A tiger
C) An elephant
D) A water buffalo
  • 80. Which dynasty sacked and looted Angkor?
A) Lavo-Khmer
B) Jayavarman
C) Suphannaphum-Mon
D) Oudong
  • 81. In what year did the capital move to Oudong?
A) 1618
B) 1500
C) 1431
D) 1865
  • 82. When was the capital moved to Phnom Penh?
A) 1865
B) 1431
C) 1300
D) 1618
  • 83. Who argued that Theravada Buddhism eroded the Hindu concept of kingship?
A) The Suphannaphum-Mon dynasty
B) George Coedès
C) Zhou Daguan
D) Jayavarman VII
  • 84. How many people were required to service the Ta Prohm temple according to inscriptions?
A) 300,000
B) 45,000
C) 1,431
D) 12,640
  • 85. Approximately how many agricultural workers were estimated to be needed to feed the temple staff?
A) 12,640
B) 100,000
C) 45,000
D) 300,000
  • 86. What technique was used to date the core samples from the Angkor Thom moat?
A) Pottery analysis
B) Written records
C) Radiometric carbon dating
D) Dendrochronology
  • 87. What is the official capital mentioned after the move to Oudong?
A) Phnom Penh
B) Kampong Tralach
C) Longvek
D) Angkor
  • 88. What was the destination for many stolen objects according to 2005 reports?
A) Back to the original temple sites
B) To museums in Phnom Penh
C) For sale across the Cambodian border
D) To local private residences
  • 89. What is the current status of looting at Angkor compared to 2005?
A) It has increased significantly
B) It has been completely eliminated
C) It has remained exactly the same
D) It has been greatly reduced
  • 90. Who reported that a wicked king destroyed Buddhism in the Chenla period?
A) A local Khmer priest
B) The King of Funan
C) An anonymous Sanskrit scholar
D) Yi Jing
  • 91. What cult, besides the lingam, was prominent in the Chenla period?
A) Yi Jing worship
B) Harihara
C) Chinese state cults
D) Buddhism
  • 92. Where was Jayavarman II's capital located?
A) Pre Rup
B) Angkor Wat
C) Hariharalaya
D) Mount Meru
  • 93. What is the modern name for Hariharalaya?
A) Siem Reap
B) Angkor
C) Tonlé Sap
D) Roluos
  • 94. What did the epithet 'devaraja' signify?
A) Great conqueror
B) Ancient ruler
C) High priest
D) God-king
  • 95. What suffix was used in the name of the central lingam to designate Shiva?
A) -loka
B) -varman
C) -raja
D) -esvara
  • 96. Which religion became the state religion of Angkor?
A) Vaishnavism
B) Buddhism
C) Shaivism
D) Animism
  • 97. How many lingams did Indravarman erect in his courts?
A) Twelve
B) Eight
C) Six
D) Four
  • 98. What temple did Rajendravarman construct?
A) Tonlé Sap
B) Pre Rup
C) Hariharalaya
D) Angkor Wat
  • 99. What was the name of the royal lingam in the temple of Pre Rup?
A) Harihara
B) Suryavarmeshvara
C) Rajendrabhadresvara
D) Indresvara
  • 100. What was the primary function of Angkor Wat?
A) Personal mausoleum
B) A public marketplace
C) Capital city fortress
D) A dedicated library
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