A) Ontology B) Metaphysics C) Epistemology D) Philosophy of logic
A) Metalogic B) Informal logic C) Deviant logic D) Formal logic
A) The study of correct reasoning, valid inference, or logical consequence B) The study of human psychology and thought processes C) The study of linguistic conventions and grammar D) The study of historical arguments and debates
A) Exclusive to informal language and natural discourse B) Dependent on the scientific context of the premises C) Focused only on mathematical subjects D) Independent of the specific subject matter discussed
A) Formal logic B) Extended logic C) First-order logic D) Informal logic
A) Logics that reject core assumptions of classical logic B) Logics that accept classical axioms but add new logical vocabulary C) Logics that identify exclusively with first-order logic D) Logics that focus exclusively on non-deductive arguments
A) They reject core assumptions of classical logic B) They are identical to first-order logic C) They extend classical logic with new vocabulary D) They focus only on the study of semantics
A) Deductive is necessarily truth-preserving, while ampliative may introduce new information B) Deductive is always informal, while ampliative is always formal C) Deductive is always false, while ampliative is always true D) Deductive focuses on context, while ampliative focuses on syntax
A) The conclusion is derived from semantic conventions only B) The argument follows the strategic rules of rhetoric C) Impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false D) Possible for the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false
A) Definitory rules are syntactic, while strategic rules are semantic B) Definitory rules are for premises, while strategic rules are for conclusions C) Definitory rules determine validity, while strategic rules govern how to reach a conclusion D) Definitory rules apply to informal logic, while strategic rules apply to formal logic
A) Logic has no basis in reality or truth B) Logic is based on facts with mind-independent existence C) Logic is purely a product of human psychology D) Logic is based on conventions governing the use of language
A) Based on divine revelation B) Based on the conventions governing the use of language C) Based on the laws of physics D) Based on mind-independent facts
A) The study of formal system properties like completeness B) The study of historical developments in mathematics C) The application of logical methods to philosophical problems D) The study of the nature of logical terms only
A) Commitments associated with singular terms and existential quantifiers B) Commitments associated with the history of philosophy C) Commitments related to the truth of non-deductive arguments D) Commitments related to the psychology of the arguer
A) Deviant logic B) Modal logic C) Informal logic D) First-order logic
A) Architecture B) Astronomy C) Chemistry D) Ontology
A) Social validity B) Completeness C) Empirical reliability D) Logical truth
A) logon B) legein C) logos D) logikos
A) reason B) intuition C) emotion D) belief
A) sociology B) psychology C) epistemology D) logic
A) empirical basis B) subject-specificity C) topic-neutrality D) material content
A) biological B) descriptive C) empirical D) normative
A) feeling B) argumentation C) intuition D) observation
A) only mathematics B) only psychology C) all knowledge D) only linguistics
A) The set-theoretic model approach. B) The deductive-theoretic approach. C) The linguistic-subjective approach. D) The empirical-inductive approach.
A) Difficulty in distinguishing formal from non-formal symbols. B) It fails to use any symbols at all. C) It is too easy to understand. D) It relies too heavily on human intuition.
A) The axiomatic-truth approach. B) The syntactic-derivation approach. C) The model-theoretic approach. D) The natural language approach.
A) Ten thousand years B) One hundred years C) Five hundred years D) Over two thousand years
A) Naturalism B) Formalism C) Monism D) Pluralism
A) Universalism B) Pluralism C) Syllogistics D) Monism
A) Existence B) Causation C) Identity D) Predication
A) Errors B) Paradoxes C) Fallacies D) Contradictions
A) Strawman argument B) First-order logic error C) Variable mismatch D) Constant substitution
A) Strict grammatical rules B) Too much precision C) Ambiguities D) Lack of expressiveness
A) Increasing expressive flexibility B) Reducing the number of formal languages C) Replacing all natural language communication D) Simplifying complex proofs
A) Possibility B) Obligation C) Necessity D) Permission
A) It cannot be expressed in symbolic form B) It is too simple C) It is only applicable to deontic logic D) It seems circular
A) Undefined. B) False. C) Neither. D) Unknown.
A) The existence of non-denoting terms. B) The pragmatic theory of truth. C) The liar paradox. D) Gödel's incompleteness theorems.
A) The valid-invalid distinction B) The deductive-inductive distinction C) The formal-informal distinction D) The analytic-synthetic distinction
A) An analytical truth whose denial implies a contradiction B) A statement based on unknown variables C) A proposition that requires experimentation to verify D) A statement that is always empirically false
A) Gottlob Frege B) Bertrand Russell C) Willard Van Orman Quine D) Immanuel Kant
A) Rain B) Wisdom C) Bachelors D) If-then
A) Sentences express propositions. B) Propositions express sentences. C) Sentences and propositions are identical. D) Propositions are just written sentences.
A) Simple propositions have no subpropositional parts. B) Complex propositions contain other propositions linked by connectives. C) Simple propositions do not have meaning. D) Complex propositions are always true.
A) Probabilistically uncertain B) Highly informative C) Scientifically experimental D) Uninformative
A) Deduction B) Formal logic C) Induction D) Monotonic reasoning
A) Form B) Probability C) Validity D) Truth
A) An anonymous logician B) The text does not mention an author C) Sandra LaPointe D) A famous German philosopher
A) Conventionalism B) Psychologism C) Empiricism D) Platonism
A) Abstract platonic objects B) Psychological laws C) Linguistic conventions D) Objective features of the world
A) Empty sets only B) Material objects only C) Individual numbers only D) Predicates
A) Psychologism B) Platonism C) Realism D) Nominalism
A) Formal psychology B) Arithmetic C) Set theory D) Boolean algebra
A) Piagetian logic B) Metamath C) Logicist arithmetic D) Boolean software
A) It is undecided B) Only for arithmetic C) No D) Yes
A) Metamath B) Prover9 C) Piaget logic D) Boolean logic |