- 1. The Greek War of Independence, which lasted from 1821 to 1829, was a pivotal conflict against the Ottoman Empire that sparked national fervor among the Greek populace and ultimately led to the establishment of an independent Greek state. Rooted in a long history of oppression and a desire for self-determination, the war was fueled by the growing influence of Enlightenment ideas, nationalistic movements across Europe, and the weakening of Ottoman control. The rebellion began in 1821, with key figures such as Theodore Kolokotronis and Georgios Karaiskakis leading the charge against the Turkish forces. Despite facing significant challenges, including internal divisions among the Greek factions and the formidable might of the Ottoman military, the Greeks employed guerrilla tactics and formed alliances with foreign sympathizers. Prominent Western intellectuals and philhellenes, including Lord Byron, contributed to the Greek cause, raising funds and support. The conflict witnessed heroic battles such as those at Navarino and the siege of Missolonghi, highlighting the determination and sacrifice of the Greek fighters. By the conclusion of the war in 1829, the international community, responding to the humanitarian crisis and the strategic interests of European powers, intervened, ultimately leading to the recognition of Greek independence through the Treaty of Constantinople in 1832. This moment not only marked a significant milestone in Greece’s national identity but also inspired other independence movements throughout the Balkans and beyond.
When did the Greek War of Independence against the Turks begin?
A) 1899
B) 1776
C) 1821
D) 1867
- 2. Which major battle is known as the turning point in the Greek War of Independence?
A) Battle of Thermopylae
B) Battle of Marathon
C) Battle of Salamis
D) Battle of Navarino
- 3. What treaty recognized Greece as an independent nation in 1832?
A) Treaty of Paris
B) Treaty of Vienna
C) Treaty of Versailles
D) Treaty of Constantinople
- 4. What was the name of the secret organization formed to prepare for the Greek War of Independence?
A) Society of the Friends of the Greeks
B) Hellenic Society
C) Filiki Eteria
D) Revolutionary Brotherhood
- 5. Who was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire during the Greek War of Independence?
A) Selim III
B) Mahmud II
C) Suleiman the Magnificent
D) Mehmed VI
- 6. What island played a significant role in the Greek War of Independence and became the first part of Greece to be liberated?
A) Crete
B) Cyprus
C) Hydra
D) Rhodes
- 7. Who was the first head of state of independent Greece?
A) Georgios Kountouriotis
B) Ioannis Kapodistrias
C) Alexandros Mavrokordatos
D) Theodoros Kolokotronis
- 8. What is the title of the Greek national anthem, inspired by the struggle for independence?
A) God Save the Queen
B) La Marseillaise
C) Hymn to Liberty
D) Ode to Joy
- 9. What was the name of the first Greek steamship used in battle during the War of Independence?
A) Arethusa
B) Karteria
C) Evangelistria
D) Averof
- 10. What was the strategy of the Greeks against the Ottoman forces in the mountains and hidden bases?
A) Trench warfare
B) Guerrilla warfare
C) Cavalry charges
D) Artillery bombardment
- 11. What vehicle allowed the Ottomans to control the plains but was ineffective in the mountainous regions where the Greeks operated?
A) Chariots
B) Infantry
C) Artillery
D) Cavalry
- 12. What was the name of the Greek governor of the region of Mani, known for his leadership during the Revolution?
A) Georgios Karaiskakis
B) Markos Botsaris
C) Dionysios Tsokos
D) Petros Mavromichalis
- 13. Which famous poet and revolutionary figure played a key role in the Greek War of Independence?
A) Homer
B) Pablo Neruda
C) William Shakespeare
D) Lord Byron
- 14. What was the name of the Greek guerrilla bands that fought against the Ottoman forces?
A) Samurai
B) Vikings
C) Klephts
D) Musketeers
- 15. Who was the hero of the Greek War of Independence known as the 'Old Man of Morea'?
A) Odysseus
B) Leonidas
C) Achilles
D) Theodoros Kolokotronis
- 16. What term is used to describe the mass killings and expulsion of Greeks from Ottoman territories during the war?
A) Greek Genocide
B) Ottoman Exodus
C) Turkish Atrocities
D) Eastern Massacre
- 17. What was the role of the famous female fighter Laskarina Bouboulina in the War of Independence?
A) Diplomat
B) Spy
C) Naval commander
D) Poet
- 18. Who wrote the poem 'Hymn to Liberty', which later became the Greek national anthem?
A) Aristotle
B) Homer
C) Sophocles
D) Dionysios Solomos
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