- 1. The African National Congress (ANC) is a South African political party and the country’s ruling party since the dawn of democracy in 1994. Founded in 1912, the ANC emerged as a response to the institutionalized racial discrimination of apartheid, which sought to disenfranchise and marginalize the non-white population of South Africa. The ANC has been instrumental in the struggle for civil rights and equality, advocating for non-violent protests and later engaging in armed resistance against the oppressive regime. Under the leadership of prominent figures such as Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, and Walter Sisulu, the ANC galvanized widespread support both domestically and internationally, leading to negotiations that culminated in the end of apartheid and the first multiracial elections in 1994. As a centrist political party, the ANC promotes a platform centered around social justice, economic transformation, and national unity, while also facing challenges such as corruption, governance issues, and internal divisions. The party is deeply rooted in the history of South Africa and continues to play a pivotal role in shaping the nation’s future, as it seeks to address the legacies of past inequalities and to foster inclusive growth and development in a diverse society.
What year was the African National Congress (ANC) founded?
A) 1944
B) 1980
C) 1912
D) 1961
- 2. What was the original name of the African National Congress?
A) African National Party
B) South African Equality League
C) Native African Alliance
D) South African Native National Congress
- 3. Who was the first president of the ANC?
A) Oliver Tambo
B) Nelson Mandela
C) Walter Sisulu
D) John Langalibalele Dube
- 4. In which year did the ANC adopt the Freedom Charter?
A) 1949
B) 1955
C) 1961
D) 1994
- 5. Which major event did the ANC organize in 1960?
A) Sharpeville Massacre protest
B) ANC Youth League formation
C) Soweto Uprising
D) Defiance Campaign
- 6. Who was imprisoned for 27 years and later became ANC president?
A) Oliver Tambo
B) Cyril Ramaphosa
C) Jacob Zuma
D) Nelson Mandela
- 7. What was the ANC's military wing called?
A) African People's Liberation Army
B) Umkhonto we Sizwe
C) Azanian People's Liberation Army
D) Black Consciousness Movement
- 8. What is the main political position of the ANC?
A) Centre-right
B) Centre-left
C) Far-right
D) Far-left
- 9. In which year did South Africa hold its first multiracial elections?
A) 1993
B) 1994
C) 1990
D) 1989
- 10. Which strategy did the ANC use to oppose apartheid from the 1980s?
A) Armed conflict only
B) Isolationism
C) Negotiation only
D) Mass mobilization
- 11. The ANC is a member of which international organization?
A) Commonwealth of Nations
B) African Union
C) Socialist International
D) European Union
- 12. What document outlines the ANC's vision for South Africa?
A) The Rainbow Nation Report
B) The National Development Plan
C) The Constitution
D) The Freedom Charter
- 13. Which South African political party was the main rival of the ANC during apartheid?
A) National Party
B) Economic Freedom Fighters
C) Democratic Alliance
D) African Christian Democratic Party
- 14. What was the impact of the ANC on international relations?
A) Advocated for sanctions against apartheid
B) Advocated for isolationism
C) Promoted apartheid regimes
D) Supported colonial powers
- 15. What year did Nelson Mandela pass away?
A) 2010
B) 2015
C) 2013
D) 2008
- 16. What was the primary goal of the ANC's Defiance Campaign?
A) Negotiate independence
B) Strengthen white minority rule
C) Nonviolent resistance to apartheid laws
D) Increase military actions
- 17. Which law made it illegal for black South Africans to vote?
A) Freedom Charter
B) Natives Act
C) Bantu Education Act
D) Group Areas Act
- 18. What is the ANC's youth organization called?
A) African National Congress Youth League
B) Youth of South Africa
C) South African Youth Federation
D) Young ANC
- 19. Which book did Nelson Mandela write while in prison?
A) Long Walk to Freedom
B) The Struggle is My Life
C) No Easy Walk to Freedom
D) A Biography of Nelson Mandela
- 20. What was Umkhonto we Sizwe?
A) A political youth league
B) The armed wing of the ANC
C) A women's organization
D) A trade union
- 21. Who succeeded Nelson Mandela as ANC president?
A) Thabo Mbeki
B) Jacob Zuma
C) Oliver Tambo
D) Cyril Ramaphosa
- 22. In which city was the ANC headquarters located during the apartheid era?
A) Durban
B) Cape Town
C) Lusaka
D) Johannesburg
- 23. Which economic policy did the ANC implement post-apartheid?
A) Capitalism
B) NEPAD (New Partnership for Africa's Development)
C) GEAR (Growth, Employment and Redistribution)
D) Socialism
- 24. Which international body condemned apartheid in South Africa?
A) Commonwealth of Nations
B) World Trade Organization
C) African Union
D) United Nations
- 25. Which critical trial occurred in 1964 involving ANC leaders?
A) The Freedom Trial
B) The Rivonia Trial
C) The Trial of the Generals
D) The Cape Town Conspiracy
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