A) 70–80 m B) 45–55 m C) 30–45 m D) 10–20 m
A) Grass, shrubs, and bamboo B) Orchids, bromeliads, mosses and lichens C) Conifers, ferns, and cactuses D) Mangroves, palms, and algae
A) From rain and debris collecting on supporting plants B) From the soil beneath the trees C) From parasitic roots in the trunk D) From underground water reservoirs
A) 5 million B) 50 million C) 20 million D) 100 million
A) Large flying fox B) King colobus C) Crowned eagle D) Three-toed sloth
A) 10–20 m B) 30–45 m C) 45–55 m D) 80–100 m
A) Lack of sunlight and high pressure B) Flooding and drought C) Hot temperatures and strong winds D) Heavy snow and frost
A) Orchidaceae B) Psittacus erithacus C) Dipteryx panamensis D) Bryophyta
A) They stop the growth of saplings B) They decrease the biodiversity of the area C) They allow for the establishment and growth of new trees D) They prevent sunlight from reaching the floor
A) 50% B) 75% C) 90% D) 25%
A) Within high-altitude deserts B) In temperate mountainous zones C) Near the polar regions D) Around and near the equator
A) Temperature, rainfall, and dry season intensity B) Wind speed, humidity, and soil pH C) Altitude, latitude, and longitude D) Solar radiation, cloud cover, and salinity
A) Lower than 10 degrees Celsius B) Exactly 20 degrees Celsius C) Greater than 24 degrees Celsius D) Between 5 and 15 degrees Celsius
A) Exactly 0.5 m B) Less than 1 m C) Greater than 10 m D) Greater than 2 m
A) Potential evapotranspiration ratio B) Plant evaporation total C) Productivity ecosystem temperature D) Precipitation energy threshold
A) 18 °C B) 25 °C C) 10 °C D) 20 °C
A) 1,750 mm to 3,000 mm B) 500 mm to 1,000 mm C) 3,500 mm to 5,000 mm D) 1,000 mm to 1,500 mm
A) One third B) One quarter C) Two thirds D) Half
A) Two-thirds B) One tenth C) Half D) One quarter
A) 807 B) 313 C) 42,000 D) 1,500
A) Natural volcanic activity B) Increased forest growth C) Climate stabilization D) Human-driven habitat destruction
A) Heavy logging B) Habitat fragmentation C) Pharmacy research D) Agricultural expansion
A) Lungs of the earth B) Green treasure chest C) World's largest pharmacy D) Nature's laboratory
A) Understory layer B) Canopy layer C) Forest floor D) Emergent layer
A) Urban tourism B) Agricultural expansion C) Organic farming D) Scientific research
A) REDD+ B) Global Green Accord C) Carbon Neutral Treaty D) Rainforest Protection Initiative
A) It is consistent B) It is low C) It is filtered by high-intensity sun D) It is high
A) Rodinia B) Pangaea C) Laurasia D) Gondwana
A) Northern Europe B) New Guinea C) Tropical America D) Madagascar
A) Tropical mixed forest B) Cloud forest C) Várzea D) Emergent forest
A) Valleys B) Lower elevations C) Sea level D) Higher elevations
A) Várzea B) Emergent layer C) Cloud forest D) Understory
A) Poison dart frog B) Leopard C) Boa constrictor D) Okapi
A) Strong winds blow the waste away B) Large animals consume the waste C) The soil absorbs the waste immediately D) Warm, humid conditions promote rapid decay
A) Reptiles B) Fungi C) Sunlight D) Large mammals
A) 2% B) 25% C) 15% D) 5%
A) Larger leaves B) Lack of roots C) Shorter stems D) Brightly colored flowers
A) Leopard B) Tapir C) Okapi D) Sumatran rhinoceros
A) Oxisols are young and unweathered B) Oxisols are better drained C) Oxisols have higher clay content D) Oxisols are nutrient-rich
A) Physical properties B) Available nitrogen C) Phosphorus levels D) Bauxite concentration
A) Phosphorus B) Limestone C) Calcium carbonate D) Bauxite
A) Eastern Amazon B) Volcanic Costa Rica C) Western Amazon D) Andean foothills
A) Phosphorus B) Potassium C) Nitrogen D) Calcium
A) Respiration B) Leaching C) Photosynthesis D) Decomposition
A) Nitrogen B) Oxygen C) Phosphorus D) Carbon dioxide
A) Carbon dioxide B) Phosphorus C) Nitrogen D) Oxygen
A) By measuring soil depth B) By measuring carbon dioxide release C) By measuring plant height D) By measuring oxygen uptake
A) Temperature B) Sunlight C) Wind D) Precipitation
A) Through animal waste B) Through surface or ground waters C) Through direct atmospheric absorption D) Through bark absorption
A) Speciation B) Deforestation C) Endemism D) Succession
A) A fallen tree B) Increased sunlight C) Nutrient accumulation D) Secondary growth
A) Primary climax forests B) Secondary forests C) Ancient refuges D) Deforested zones
A) Pleistocene refugia B) Interspecific competition C) Niche partitioning D) Secondary succession
A) Charles Darwin B) Gregor Mendel C) A group of Costa Rican scientists D) Jürgen Haffer
A) Human-made barriers B) High-speed winds C) Non-forest vegetation D) Large mountain ranges
A) Genetic evidence suggests speciation occurred earlier B) It ignores the role of human activity C) It lacks clear definitions of species D) It only applies to birds
A) Atmospheric nitrogen B) Mineral dust C) Leaf litter D) Rainwater runoff only
A) Dayak B) Penan C) Lumad D) Mbuti
A) Excessive rainfall B) Low soil fertility C) High biological diversity D) Lack of sunlight
A) Hardwood timber B) Honey C) Rubber D) Palm oil
A) Indonesia B) Democratic Republic of the Congo C) Brazil D) Peru
A) Pine B) Ipe C) Cedar D) Oak
A) Lumad B) Dayak C) Mbuti D) Huaorani
A) Terrace farming B) Industrial agriculture C) Hydroponics D) Slash-and-burn
A) Increases rainfall B) Eliminates forest pests C) Prevents timber loss D) Preserves soil organic matter
A) Lumad B) Amerindians C) Negrito D) Dayak
A) Yanomamö B) Twa C) Aka D) Penan
A) Potato B) Corn C) Wheat D) Yam
A) 43 B) 20 C) 251 D) 250
A) Imported crop varieties B) Resistant wild stock C) Artificial fertilizers D) Laboratory gene editing
A) 2020 B) 1985 C) 2015 D) 2019
A) 2040s B) 2030s C) 2060s D) 2050s
A) Subsidies for logging equipment B) Corporate deforestation permits C) Government subsidies for crops D) Park-entrance fees
A) Reduction in wildlife population B) Replacement of native flora C) Lowering of environmental awareness D) Increased public appreciation
A) Antarctica B) North America C) Europe D) Africa
A) 251 B) 20 C) 250 D) 43
A) Yam farming B) Sugarcane production C) Ecosystem services D) Logging
A) Gold B) Platinum C) Iron D) Copper
A) 5% B) 50% C) 12% D) 25%
A) 75% B) 90% C) 50% D) 20%
A) Fallow periods B) Chemical fertilization C) Constant cultivation D) Frequent irrigation
A) Urbanization versus rural expansion B) The government versus the police C) Livestock farming versus crop farming D) Individual farmers' needs versus global needs
A) Migrate to new continents B) Use alternative resources C) Increase their territory size D) Change their reproductive cycle |