- 1. Gregor Mendel is known as the father of what field of study?
A) Physics
B) Botany
C) Astronomy
D) Genetics
- 2. In what year did Gregor Mendel publish his work on genetics?
A) 1866
B) 1900
C) 2000
D) 1800
- 3. What term is used to describe the unit of heredity Mendel studied?
A) Nucleus
B) Chromosome
C) Gene
D) Protein
- 4. What is the term for an organism's genetic makeup?
A) Heredity
B) Phenotype
C) Genotype
D) Mutation
- 5. In a monohybrid cross, how many traits are typically studied?
A) Three
B) One
C) Four
D) Two
- 6. What term describes the appearance of an organism resulting from its genotype?
A) Genotype
B) Mutation
C) Heredity
D) Phenotype
- 7. In Mendel's experiments, what term describes the offspring resulting from a cross between the parental generations?
A) G1 generation
B) F1 generation
C) F2 generation
D) P generation
- 8. Mendel's Law of Segregation describes the separation of ________ during the formation of gametes.
A) Traits
B) Chromosomes
C) Alleles
D) Genes
- 9. Which of the following describes a genotype with two different alleles for a gene?
A) Dominant
B) Heterozygous
C) Homozygous
D) Recessive
- 10. Mendel demonstrated that traits are inherited independently during which of his experiments?
A) Backcross
B) Test cross
C) Dihybrid cross
D) Monohybrid cross
- 11. What nationality was Gregor Mendel by birth?
A) Austrian
B) Czech
C) Moravian
D) German
- 12. In which city did Mendel conduct his famous pea plant experiments?
A) Brno
B) Vienna
C) Prague
D) Olomouc
- 13. What was Gregor Mendel's original name before joining the Order of Saint Augustine?
A) Řehoř
B) Anton
C) Gregor
D) Johann
- 14. Which field was Gregor Mendel NOT known to have worked in?
A) Biology
B) Meteorology
C) Mathematics
D) Chemistry
- 15. What did farmers know for millennia that Mendel's experiments scientifically established?
A) Genetic mutations
B) DNA structure
C) Crossbreeding can favor certain traits
D) Chromosome pairing
- 16. How many characteristics of pea plants did Mendel study in his experiments?
A) Seven
B) Ten
C) Three
D) Five
- 17. What term did Mendel use to describe traits that disappear in the first filial generation but reappear later?
A) Hybrid
B) Recessive
C) Blended
D) Dominant
- 18. Who were the scientists that independently verified Mendel's findings in 1900?
A) James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins
B) Gregor Mendel, Charles Lyell, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
C) Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace, and Thomas Huxley
D) Erich von Tschermak, Hugo de Vries, and Carl Correns
- 19. What did Mendel's experiments demonstrate about the inheritance of traits?
A) The mutation rate in pea plants
B) The importance of hybrid vigor
C) The role of environmental factors
D) The actions of invisible factors (genes) in determining traits
- 20. What did Mendel's family do for a living?
A) Farming
B) Teaching
C) Trading
D) Beekeeping
- 21. Which university did Mendel attend for his studies in philosophy and physics?
A) University of Vienna
B) University of Olomouc
C) Charles University in Prague
D) University of Brno
- 22. Why did Mendel become a monk?
A) To obtain an education without paying for it himself
B) For religious devotion
C) To escape military service
D) Due to family pressure
- 23. Who recommended Mendel to enter the Augustinian St Thomas's Abbey in Brno?
A) Aleksander Zawadzki
B) Cyril František Napp
C) Friedrich Franz
D) Johann Karl Nestler
- 24. What was Mendel's professor of physics at the University of Vienna?
A) Cyril František Napp
B) Christian Doppler
C) Friedrich Franz
D) Johann Karl Nestler
- 25. Who encouraged Mendel's research in Brno?
A) Aleksander Zawadzki
B) Friedrich Franz
C) Christian Doppler
D) Johann Karl Nestler
- 26. What year did Mendel fail his exams' oral part to become a certified high school teacher?
A) 1851
B) 1867
C) 1853
D) 1850
- 27. What year did Mendel become abbot of the monastery?
A) 1862
B) 1868
C) 1867
D) 1856
- 28. What was the cause of Mendel's death in 1884?
A) Heart problems
B) Pneumonia
C) Stroke
D) Chronic nephritis
- 29. Who played the organ at Mendel's funeral?
A) Christian Doppler
B) Leoš Janáček
C) Johann Karl Nestler
D) Aleksander Zawadzki
- 30. How many pea plants did Mendel cultivate and test between 1856 and 1863?
A) 30,000
B) 20,000
C) 25,000
D) 28,000
- 31. What were the two types of seed shapes Mendel studied in his experiments?
A) Flat or curved
B) Smooth or wrinkled
C) Long or short
D) Angular or round
- 32. How many times was Mendel's paper cited over the next thirty-five years after its publication?
A) Fifty times
B) Never
C) About three times
D) Over a hundred times
- 33. What was the prevalent theory of inheritance during Mendel's lifetime before his work gained recognition?
A) Blending inheritance
B) Pangenesis
C) Genetic linkage
D) Natural selection
- 34. Which scientist tried to explain inheritance through a theory of pangenesis?
A) Carl Correns
B) Gregor Mendel
C) Hugo de Vries
D) Charles Darwin
- 35. In which year was Mendel's work rediscovered independently by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns?
A) 1910
B) 1900
C) 1895
D) 1925
- 36. Who coined the term 'genetics' and contributed to publicizing Mendel's theory?
A) William Bateson
B) R. A. Fisher
C) Thomas Hunt Morgan
D) Karl Pearson
- 37. What was the name of the school that opposed Mendelian genetics based on statistical studies?
A) Mendelian school
B) Biometric school
C) Neo-Darwinian school
D) Lamarckian school
- 38. Who combined Mendelian genetics with Darwin's theory of natural selection in the modern synthesis?
A) Karl Pearson
B) R. A. Fisher
C) Ernst Mayr
D) Thomas Hunt Morgan
- 39. Which policy rejected Mendelian genetics in favor of Lamarckism in the Soviet Union?
A) Neo-Darwinism
B) Lysenkoism
C) Darwinism
D) Mendelism
- 40. What scientific name is given to peas that Gregor Mendel studied?
A) Mus musculus
B) Hieracium
C) Apis mellifera
D) Pisum sativum
- 41. Which gene is responsible for the wrinkled phenotype in peas?
A) PsSBE1
B) Psggr
C) PsGA3ox1
D) PsbHLH
- 42. What is the wild-type flower color of peas?
A) Green
B) Yellow
C) Purple
D) White
- 43. Which gene causes the dwarf phenotype in pea plants?
A) PsGA3ox1
B) Pscik2/3
C) PsChlG
D) PsbHLH
- 44. What gene is responsible for the pod shape in peas?
A) PsGA3ox1
B) PsSBE1
C) PsCLE41
D) PsSGR
- 45. What did Daniel L. Hartl and Daniel J. Fairbanks conclude about Fisher's allegations?
A) Fisher's statistical argument against Mendel was unsupported by convincing evidence.
B) They agreed with Fisher that Mendel falsified his data.
C) Hartl and Fairbanks believed Fisher correctly interpreted Mendel's experiments.
D) They found that Mendel had indeed committed scientific fraud.
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