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Catalysts
Contributed by: Grant
  • 1. Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They lower the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, allowing it to proceed more rapidly or at a lower temperature. Catalysts work by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction to take place, resulting in the formation of products more efficiently. They are essential in many industrial processes, such as in the production of fuels, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, as they help to enhance reaction rates and efficiency while reducing energy consumption and waste generation. Overall, catalysts play a crucial role in accelerating reactions and improving the sustainability of chemical processes.

    What is a catalyst?
A) A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
B) A substance that decreases the rate of a chemical reaction.
C) A substance that reacts with another substance to form a new compound.
D) A substance that stops a chemical reaction from occurring.
  • 2. What is an enzyme in biological systems?
A) A biological catalyst
B) A lipid molecule
C) A neurotransmitter
D) A structural protein
  • 3. What is the role of a promoter in catalysis?
A) To replace the catalyst in a reaction
B) To inhibit the catalytic activity of a catalyst
C) To change the chemical nature of the catalyst
D) To enhance the catalytic activity of a catalyst
  • 4. What is the major advantage of using catalysts in chemical reactions?
A) Making the reactions more hazardous
B) Lowering the activation energy and increasing reaction rates
C) Increasing the production cost
D) Causing more waste to be generated
  • 5. What does 'autocatalysis' refer to in a chemical reaction?
A) When a reactant of a reaction accelerates the reaction
B) When a product of a reaction acts as a catalyst for that reaction
C) When a catalyst is deactivated by the reaction mixture
D) When a byproduct of a reaction poisons the catalyst
  • 6. What is a common example of an organic catalyst?
A) Carbon nanotubes
B) Silver
C) Magnesium oxide
D) Enzymes
  • 7. What is the purpose of a catalytic converter in a car exhaust system?
A) To increase engine power
B) To reduce harmful emissions by converting them into less harmful substances
C) To increase the fuel efficiency of the engine
D) To produce more greenhouse gases
  • 8. Which of the following factors can influence the effectiveness of a catalyst?
A) Surface area of the catalyst
B) Vessel size in which the reaction takes place
C) Temperature of the surrounding environment
D) Color of the catalyst
  • 9. What is meant by the term 'selectivity' in catalysis?
A) The ease of recycling the catalyst
B) The ability of a catalyst to promote one specific reaction pathway over others
C) The speed at which a catalyst degrades
D) The cost of the catalyst used in a reaction
  • 10. How do solid catalysts differ from homogeneous catalysts?
A) Solid catalysts are typically easier to separate from the reaction mixture
B) Solid catalysts have a higher reaction selectivity
C) Solid catalysts are never used in industrial processes
D) Solid catalysts are always less efficient than homogeneous catalysts
  • 11. From which language is the term 'catalyst' derived and what does it mean?
A) German, meaning 'to assist'.
B) Latin, meaning 'to speed up'.
C) French, meaning 'to change'.
D) Greek, meaning 'loosen' or 'untie'.
  • 12. What is the SI derived unit for measuring the catalytic activity of a catalyst?
A) enzyme unit
B) mole per second
C) katal
D) turnover number (TON)
  • 13. Which term describes the productivity of a catalyst?
A) katal
B) turn over frequency
C) enzyme unit
D) turnover number (TON)
  • 14. In the reaction 2 SO2 + O2 → 2 SO3, which substance acts as a catalyst?
A) sulfur trioxide (SO3)
B) sulfur dioxide (SO2)
C) oxygen (O2)
D) nitric oxide (NO)
  • 15. What is a common product of enzymatic reactions that also acts as a reactant in bond-breaking processes?
A) Hydrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Water
D) Carbon dioxide
  • 16. What are catalytic antibodies that lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction called?
A) Ribozymes
B) Synzymes
C) Enzybiotics
D) Abzymes
  • 17. Who discovered the acid-catalyzed conversion of starch to glucose?
A) Vladimir Ipatieff
B) Jöns Jakob Berzelius
C) Gottlieb Kirchhoff
D) Wilhelm Ostwald
  • 18. What is the role of a catalyst in lowering activation energy?
A) It stabilizes the transition state more than the starting material
B) It increases the difference in energy between starting materials and products
C) It decreases the available energy from the environment
D) It changes the thermodynamic barrier
  • 19. Which enzyme-based commodity chemical is prepared using biocatalysis?
A) Ethanol
B) Acetic acid
C) Benzene
D) High-fructose corn syrup
  • 20. Who discovered the use of platinum in catalysis?
A) Gottlieb Kirchhoff
B) Vladimir Ipatieff
C) Humphry Davy
D) Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
  • 21. Which chemist developed Döbereiner's lamp?
A) Humphry Davy
B) Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
C) Elizabeth Fulhame
D) Wilhelm Ostwald
  • 22. Which process involves the synthesis of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas?
A) Water-gas shift reaction
B) Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
C) Sabatier reaction
D) Steam reforming
  • 23. Which step is the rate-determining step in the catalyzed reaction of SO2 and O2?
A) NO2 + SO2 → NO + SO3
B) 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2
C) 2 SO2 + O2 → 2 SO3
D) NO + SO3 → NO2 + SO2
  • 24. What type of catalysis is used to derive polyesters, polyamides, and isocyanates?
A) Biocatalysts
B) Acid–base catalysis
C) Metal catalysts
D) Inorganic catalysts
  • 25. In 2005, how much did catalytic processes generate in products worldwide?
A) $1 trillion
B) $500 billion
C) $900 billion
D) $700 billion
  • 26. What is the precursor to the antibacterial levofloxacin synthesized using BINAP-ruthenium complexes?
A) Hydroxyacetone
B) Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation
C) (R)-1,2-Propandiol
D) Levofloxacin
  • 27. What is typically produced by photocatalysis?
A) Singlet oxygen
B) Chlorine gas
C) Nitric oxide
D) Hydrogen peroxide
  • 28. Which chemist referred to catalysis as contact processes?
A) Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
B) Humphry Davy
C) Elizabeth Fulhame
D) Eilhard Mitscherlich
  • 29. Which type of catalysis is used in food processing to prepare many foodstuffs?
A) Friedel–Crafts reactions
B) Hydrogenation with nickel catalyst
C) Enantioselective catalysis
D) Biocatalysis
  • 30. What is produced via catalytic oxidation using oxygen from p-xylene?
A) Acrylic acid
B) Terephthalic acid
C) Methanol
D) Ammonia
  • 31. Who was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on catalysis?
A) Jöns Jakob Berzelius
B) Wilhelm Ostwald
C) Elizabeth Fulhame
D) Vladimir Ipatieff
  • 32. Who performed early industrial scale reactions including hydrogenation?
A) Wilhelm Ostwald
B) Gottlieb Kirchhoff
C) Vladimir Ipatieff
D) Jöns Jakob Berzelius
  • 33. Which type of catalyst can be considered an intermediate between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts?
A) Photocatalysts
B) Biocatalysts
C) Organometallic catalysts
D) Electrocatalysts
  • 34. Which process requires metal catalysts for carbonylation, such as the Monsanto acetic acid process?
A) Carbonylation processes
B) Water-gas shift reaction
C) Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
D) Sabatier reaction
  • 35. Who first used the term 'catalysis' to describe accelerated reactions?
A) Elizabeth Fulhame
B) Jöns Jakob Berzelius
C) Gottlieb Kirchhoff
D) Eilhard Mitscherlich
  • 36. In which year did Elizabeth Fulhame describe the concept of catalysis?
A) 1794
B) 1835
C) 1880s
D) 1811
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