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Catalysts
Contributed by: Grant
  • 1. Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. They lower the activation energy required for the reaction to occur, allowing it to proceed more rapidly or at a lower temperature. Catalysts work by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction to take place, resulting in the formation of products more efficiently. They are essential in many industrial processes, such as in the production of fuels, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals, as they help to enhance reaction rates and efficiency while reducing energy consumption and waste generation. Overall, catalysts play a crucial role in accelerating reactions and improving the sustainability of chemical processes.

    What is a catalyst?
A) A substance that decreases the rate of a chemical reaction.
B) A substance that stops a chemical reaction from occurring.
C) A substance that reacts with another substance to form a new compound.
D) A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
  • 2. What is an enzyme in biological systems?
A) A structural protein
B) A biological catalyst
C) A neurotransmitter
D) A lipid molecule
  • 3. What is the role of a promoter in catalysis?
A) To enhance the catalytic activity of a catalyst
B) To replace the catalyst in a reaction
C) To inhibit the catalytic activity of a catalyst
D) To change the chemical nature of the catalyst
  • 4. What is the major advantage of using catalysts in chemical reactions?
A) Making the reactions more hazardous
B) Lowering the activation energy and increasing reaction rates
C) Increasing the production cost
D) Causing more waste to be generated
  • 5. What does 'autocatalysis' refer to in a chemical reaction?
A) When a catalyst is deactivated by the reaction mixture
B) When a product of a reaction acts as a catalyst for that reaction
C) When a byproduct of a reaction poisons the catalyst
D) When a reactant of a reaction accelerates the reaction
  • 6. What is a common example of an organic catalyst?
A) Silver
B) Enzymes
C) Magnesium oxide
D) Carbon nanotubes
  • 7. What is the purpose of a catalytic converter in a car exhaust system?
A) To reduce harmful emissions by converting them into less harmful substances
B) To produce more greenhouse gases
C) To increase the fuel efficiency of the engine
D) To increase engine power
  • 8. Which of the following factors can influence the effectiveness of a catalyst?
A) Vessel size in which the reaction takes place
B) Temperature of the surrounding environment
C) Surface area of the catalyst
D) Color of the catalyst
  • 9. What is meant by the term 'selectivity' in catalysis?
A) The cost of the catalyst used in a reaction
B) The ease of recycling the catalyst
C) The speed at which a catalyst degrades
D) The ability of a catalyst to promote one specific reaction pathway over others
  • 10. How do solid catalysts differ from homogeneous catalysts?
A) Solid catalysts are always less efficient than homogeneous catalysts
B) Solid catalysts have a higher reaction selectivity
C) Solid catalysts are never used in industrial processes
D) Solid catalysts are typically easier to separate from the reaction mixture
  • 11. From which language is the term 'catalyst' derived and what does it mean?
A) Latin, meaning 'to speed up'.
B) French, meaning 'to change'.
C) German, meaning 'to assist'.
D) Greek, meaning 'loosen' or 'untie'.
  • 12. What is the SI derived unit for measuring the catalytic activity of a catalyst?
A) enzyme unit
B) turnover number (TON)
C) katal
D) mole per second
  • 13. Which term describes the productivity of a catalyst?
A) turnover number (TON)
B) katal
C) turn over frequency
D) enzyme unit
  • 14. In the reaction 2 SO2 + O2 → 2 SO3, which substance acts as a catalyst?
A) sulfur trioxide (SO3)
B) nitric oxide (NO)
C) oxygen (O2)
D) sulfur dioxide (SO2)
  • 15. Which step is the rate-determining step in the catalyzed reaction of SO2 and O2?
A) NO + SO3 → NO2 + SO2
B) NO2 + SO2 → NO + SO3
C) 2 SO2 + O2 → 2 SO3
D) 2 NO + O2 → 2 NO2
  • 16. What is the role of a catalyst in lowering activation energy?
A) It changes the thermodynamic barrier
B) It increases the difference in energy between starting materials and products
C) It stabilizes the transition state more than the starting material
D) It decreases the available energy from the environment
  • 17. What is typically produced by photocatalysis?
A) Chlorine gas
B) Nitric oxide
C) Singlet oxygen
D) Hydrogen peroxide
  • 18. Which type of catalyst can be considered an intermediate between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts?
A) Biocatalysts
B) Electrocatalysts
C) Organometallic catalysts
D) Photocatalysts
  • 19. What is a common product of enzymatic reactions that also acts as a reactant in bond-breaking processes?
A) Water
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Oxygen
D) Hydrogen
  • 20. Which enzyme-based commodity chemical is prepared using biocatalysis?
A) Benzene
B) High-fructose corn syrup
C) Acetic acid
D) Ethanol
  • 21. What are catalytic antibodies that lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction called?
A) Synzymes
B) Abzymes
C) Enzybiotics
D) Ribozymes
  • 22. In 2005, how much did catalytic processes generate in products worldwide?
A) $500 billion
B) $1 trillion
C) $700 billion
D) $900 billion
  • 23. Which process involves the synthesis of hydrocarbons from synthesis gas?
A) Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
B) Sabatier reaction
C) Water-gas shift reaction
D) Steam reforming
  • 24. Which process requires metal catalysts for carbonylation, such as the Monsanto acetic acid process?
A) Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
B) Sabatier reaction
C) Water-gas shift reaction
D) Carbonylation processes
  • 25. What is produced via catalytic oxidation using oxygen from p-xylene?
A) Ammonia
B) Methanol
C) Acrylic acid
D) Terephthalic acid
  • 26. What type of catalysis is used to derive polyesters, polyamides, and isocyanates?
A) Inorganic catalysts
B) Biocatalysts
C) Metal catalysts
D) Acid–base catalysis
  • 27. In which year did Elizabeth Fulhame describe the concept of catalysis?
A) 1880s
B) 1794
C) 1811
D) 1835
  • 28. Who discovered the acid-catalyzed conversion of starch to glucose?
A) Gottlieb Kirchhoff
B) Wilhelm Ostwald
C) Vladimir Ipatieff
D) Jöns Jakob Berzelius
  • 29. Who first used the term 'catalysis' to describe accelerated reactions?
A) Gottlieb Kirchhoff
B) Eilhard Mitscherlich
C) Elizabeth Fulhame
D) Jöns Jakob Berzelius
  • 30. Which chemist developed Döbereiner's lamp?
A) Wilhelm Ostwald
B) Humphry Davy
C) Elizabeth Fulhame
D) Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
  • 31. Who discovered the use of platinum in catalysis?
A) Humphry Davy
B) Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
C) Gottlieb Kirchhoff
D) Vladimir Ipatieff
  • 32. Who was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for work on catalysis?
A) Vladimir Ipatieff
B) Wilhelm Ostwald
C) Elizabeth Fulhame
D) Jöns Jakob Berzelius
  • 33. What is the precursor to the antibacterial levofloxacin synthesized using BINAP-ruthenium complexes?
A) Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation
B) Hydroxyacetone
C) Levofloxacin
D) (R)-1,2-Propandiol
  • 34. Which chemist referred to catalysis as contact processes?
A) Eilhard Mitscherlich
B) Elizabeth Fulhame
C) Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner
D) Humphry Davy
  • 35. Who performed early industrial scale reactions including hydrogenation?
A) Vladimir Ipatieff
B) Wilhelm Ostwald
C) Jöns Jakob Berzelius
D) Gottlieb Kirchhoff
  • 36. Which type of catalysis is used in food processing to prepare many foodstuffs?
A) Friedel–Crafts reactions
B) Biocatalysis
C) Hydrogenation with nickel catalyst
D) Enantioselective catalysis
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