A) Man-made structures for mining underwater minerals B) Fissures on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges C) Volcanic craters located on the surface of terrestrial mountains D) Deep ocean trenches formed by underwater earthquakes
A) Near volcanically active places and mid-ocean ridges B) In shallow freshwater lakes and rivers C) In deserts far from any tectonic activity D) Only in the polar regions of the Arctic
A) Hydrothermal plumes B) Massive sand dunes C) Coral reefs D) Underwater glaciers
A) Sunlight-dependent plankton B) Photosynthetic algae C) Chemosynthetic bacteria and archaea D) Floating organic debris
A) Venus and Mercury B) Neptune and Uranus C) Pluto and Ceres D) Europa and Enceladus
A) 375 °C at 218 atmospheres B) 464 °C at 300 atmospheres C) 100 °C at 1 atmosphere D) 200 °C at 100 atmospheres
A) Quartz B) Anhydrite C) Granite D) Diamond
A) East Pacific Rise B) Beebe C) Sister Peak D) Turtle Pits
A) Up to 30 cm per day B) 1 meter per hour C) 1 centimeter per year D) 10 meters per decade
A) 10 °C to 30 °C B) 0 °C to 50 °C C) 60 °C to 464 °C D) 500 °C to 1000 °C
A) It raises the critical point to higher temperatures and pressures B) It turns the water into solid ice C) It has no effect on the critical point D) It lowers the critical point significantly
A) Tropical birds and monkeys B) Cactus and desert shrubs C) Giant tube worms, clams, limpets, and shrimp D) Polar bears and seals
A) Approximately 25 °C B) Approximately -10 °C C) Approximately 50 °C D) Approximately 2 °C
A) The Moon B) The Sun C) Saturn D) Mars
A) It becomes less porous due to sulfide precipitation B) It stays the same C) It dissolves completely D) It becomes more porous due to erosion
A) Cylindrical B) Cubical C) Pyramidal D) Spherical
A) Coral B) Volcanic ash C) Minerals D) Sandstone
A) Nothing happens B) Minerals precipitate out C) The fluid freezes instantly D) The water evaporates
A) Leviathan B) Godzilla C) King Kong D) Titan
A) Indian Ocean B) Atlantic Ocean C) Pacific Ocean D) Arctic Ocean
A) 40 m B) 20 m C) 60 m D) 80 m
A) Lukewarm B) Boiling C) Room temperature D) Near-freezing
A) Deep-sea vent B) Volcanic crater C) Thermal spring D) Submarine geyser
A) White B) Yellow C) Green D) Black
A) Silicon B) Barium C) Calcium D) Sulfides
A) Volcanic lava flows B) Heat conduction encouraging crystallization C) Bacterial colonization D) Accumulation of marine snow
A) Dissolved gold B) Dissolved iron C) Dissolved silica D) Dissolved calcium
A) 1979 B) 1985 C) 1992 D) 1960
A) ALVIN B) Trieste C) Deepsea Challenger D) Nautile
A) Loki's Castle B) East Pacific Rise C) Cayman Trough D) Rainbow Vent Field
A) Cayman Trough B) Greenland Sea C) Mid-Atlantic Ridge D) East Pacific Rise
A) Peak activity stage B) Initial stage C) Pre-eruption stage D) Waning stage
A) Magma crystallization B) Increased crustal thickness C) Earthquake activity D) High oceanic pressure
A) University of Bergen B) Scripps Institution of Oceanography C) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration D) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
A) Static phase. B) Buoyant plume phase. C) Lateral phase. D) Descending phase.
A) Crystallization. B) Osmosis. C) Magnetic attraction. D) Turbulent flow generated by shear forces.
A) Reducing. B) Highly oxidizing. C) Acidic only. D) Neutral.
A) Near field. B) Buoyant zone. C) Oxidation zone. D) Far field.
A) Carbon dioxide. B) Oxygen gas. C) Nitrogen gas. D) Methane.
A) 4 degrees Celsius. B) 40 degrees Celsius. C) 100 degrees Celsius. D) Minus 10 degrees Celsius.
A) Helium-3 B) Helium-5 C) Helium-2 D) Helium-4
A) 3.82 days B) 24 hours C) 1.2 days D) 10.5 days
A) Rapid evaporation B) Low seawater temperature C) High water pressure D) Complexation with organic compounds
A) Fe B) N C) K D) Cl
A) Mo B) Fe C) He D) Rn
A) High radioactivity B) Biological toxicity C) Chemical unreactivity D) Metal composition
A) Fermentation B) Photosynthesis C) Respiration D) Chemosynthesis
A) Marine snow B) Iron deposits C) Hydrogen sulfide D) Chemosynthetic bacteria
A) A nutrient supplement B) Highly toxic C) A source of hydration D) An inert substance
A) Dysommina rugosa B) Alvinella pompejana C) Riftia pachyptila D) Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis
A) The Figueroa Colony B) Eel City C) The Nafanua Cluster D) The Kairei Field
A) Riftia pachyptila B) Scaly-foot gastropod C) Pompeii worm D) Vulcanoctopus hydrothermalis
A) Figueroa Sulfide B) Nuvvuagittuq Belt C) American Samoa D) Indian Ocean
A) In their digestive tracts B) In their bloodstream C) On their outer skin D) In their gills
A) Iron oxide B) High salinity C) Copper proteins D) Zinc ions
A) Stomach B) Plume C) Gill chamber D) Trophosome
A) Parasitoids B) Endosymbionts C) Episymbionts D) Ectotherms
A) Charles Darwin B) Nick Lane C) Günter Wächtershäuser D) Louis Pasteur
A) Photosynthesis B) Glycolysis C) Electrolysis D) Thermophoresis
A) Solid gold deposits. B) Submarine fossilized forests. C) Volcanic magma channels. D) Anomalously hot brines.
A) 1977 B) 1960 C) 1985 D) 1992
A) Almost 5,000 metres B) 1,000 metres C) 10,000 metres D) 2,600 metres
A) Disorientation leading to surface death B) Damage to auditory organs C) Permanent retinal damage D) Interruption of feeding cycles
A) Testing new deep-sea submersibles B) Mapping the Mid-Atlantic Ridge C) Searching for hydrothermal vents D) Mining manganese nodules
A) 50 years B) 5 years C) 20 years D) 10 years
A) Commercial fishing vessels B) Scientists C) Deep sea miners D) Natural volcanic activity
A) No B) Yes, but only in international waters C) Only for non-profit organizations D) Yes
A) Diamond B) Quartz C) Calcite D) Pyrite
A) Around 50 years B) Around 10 years C) Around 2 years D) They never return
A) Mollusks B) Fish C) Crustaceans D) Cephalopods
A) Tectonic plate movement B) Climate change C) Sea level rise D) Ocean current shifts
A) It is not affected by mining B) The technology to measure it does not exist C) The fluid changes too quickly D) No large scale studies have been done
A) Seismic activity B) Glacial erosion C) Ocean current sedimentation D) Tidal friction
A) Freshwater amphibians B) Thermophiles C) Photosynthetic plants D) Large marine mammals
A) Dense forests of sea coral B) Inward-dipped sedimentary strata C) Smooth glass-like surfaces D) Outward-facing cliff structures |