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Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve - Quiz
Contributed by: Elliott
  • 1. Which component of the Great Sand Dunes system receives heavy snow and rain?
A) The sand sheet
B) The sabkha
C) The dune field
D) The mountain watershed
  • 2. What type of moisture content is found below the dry surface of the dunes?
A) 10% moisture content
B) No moisture content
C) 5% moisture content
D) 7% moisture content
  • 3. Which type of dune is also known as crescentic or barchan dunes?
A) Reversing dunes
B) Parabolic dunes
C) Star dunes
D) Transverse dunes
  • 4. Where is almost 90% of the sand deposit found in the Great Sand Dunes system?
A) The dune field
B) The mountain watershed
C) The sand sheet
D) The sabkha
  • 5. What forms around vegetation in the sand sheet?
A) Star dunes
B) Reversing dunes
C) Nabkha Dunes
D) Transverse dunes
  • 6. What happens to the sabkha when water evaporates in late summer?
A) The sabkha becomes deeper with more plants and animals
B) Sand is blown away by wind
C) Minerals cement sand grains into a hard, white crust
D) Water rises to form new dunes
  • 7. Which tree species can be found in the park?
A) Maple tree
B) Eucalyptus
C) Ponderosa pine
D) Birch tree
  • 8. What type of grass is primarily found around the Sabkha wetlands?
A) Blue grama grass
B) Ryegrass
C) Inland saltgrass
D) Buffalo grass
  • 9. Which flowering plant is known as alpine phlox?
A) Rocky Mountain iris
B) Alpine phlox
C) Paintbrush flowers
D) Dwarf clover
  • 10. What type of dunes migrate into the main dunefield from the sand sheet?
A) Reversing dunes
B) Star dunes
C) Small parabolic dunes
D) Transverse dunes
  • 11. What is the role of creeks in the Great Sand Dunes system?
A) They create new mountain ranges.
B) They prevent sand from moving.
C) They only provide water for vegetation.
D) They carry sand back toward the valley and then to the dune field.
  • 12. Which component of the Great Sand Dunes system is seasonally saturated by rising groundwater?
A) The mountain watershed
B) The sabkha
C) The sand sheet
D) The dune field
  • 13. Which tree species is not found in the park?
A) Ponderosa pine
B) Aspen
C) Eucalyptus
D) Douglas fir
  • 14. What type of environment do hundreds of plant species in the park adapt to?
A) Deserts and rainforests
B) Alpine tundra and warm water wetlands
C) Tropical beaches and swamps
D) Urban areas
  • 15. What type of dune is characterized by multiple arms radiating from a central point?
A) Reversing dunes
B) Star dunes
C) Parabolic dunes
D) Transverse dunes
  • 16. Which flowering plant is known as the Rocky Mountain iris?
A) Alpine phlox
B) Paintbrush flowers
C) Rocky Mountain iris
D) Dwarf clover
  • 17. What Köppen climate classification type is assigned to the dunefield of the Great Sand Dunes?
A) Warm-summer humid continental (Dfb)
B) Mediterranean (Csa)
C) Cold semi-arid (BSk)
D) Tropical rainforest (Af)
  • 18. What is the average high temperature in July at the Great Sand Dunes?
A) Above 90 °F (32 °C)
B) Below 60 °F (16 °C)
C) Slightly above 80 °F (27 °C)
D) Around 70 °F (21 °C)
  • 19. How much does the temperature typically spread between high and low in a day at the park?
A) About 25–30 °F (14–17 °C)
B) 10–15 °F (6–8 °C)
C) 40–45 °F (22–25 °C)
D) 5–10 °F (3–6 °C)
  • 20. What is the average annual precipitation on the dunes?
A) 8 inches (203 mm)
B) 20 inches (508 mm)
C) 15 inches (381 mm)
D) 11.13 inches (283 mm)
  • 21. What month is typically the snowiest at the Great Sand Dunes?
A) March
B) January
C) April
D) December
  • 22. During what time of year does Medano Creek usually have its peak flow?
A) Late spring
B) Mid-summer
C) Fall
D) Early winter
  • 23. What can sand surface temperatures reach on sunny afternoons in summer?
A) 150 °F (66 °C)
B) 120 °F (49 °C)
C) 90 °F (32 °C)
D) 100 °F (38 °C)
  • 24. What weather phenomena are common in July and August at the park?
A) Afternoon thundershowers
B) Snowstorms
C) Fog
D) Tornadoes
  • 25. During which season are Indian summer days, with temperatures reaching or exceeding 60 °F (16 °C), typically experienced?
A) Spring
B) Winter
C) Summer
D) Fall
  • 26. What is the average winter high temperature in January at the Great Sand Dunes?
A) Below 32 °F (0 °C)
B) Just above freezing
C) Above 50 °F (10 °C)
D) Around 40 °F (4 °C)
  • 27. What is the total area of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve?
A) 35,528 acres (143.8 km2)
B) 107,342 acres (434.4 km2)
C) 65,1 sq mi
D) 149,028 acres (603.1 km2)
  • 28. Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary components of the Great Sand Dunes system?
A) Dune field
B) Volcanic plateau
C) Mountain watershed
D) Sand sheet
  • 29. Which tribe was the first historic people to inhabit the San Luis Valley?
A) Navajo
B) Apache
C) Southern Ute Tribe
D) Zuni
  • 30. Who became the first European on record to enter the San Luis Valley?
A) Zebulon Pike
B) Diego de Vargas
C) Juan Bautista de Anza
D) John C. Frémont
  • 31. Is hunting permitted within the national park boundaries?
A) No, it is prohibited at all times
B) Only in designated areas
C) Yes, with a special permit
D) Yes, during specific seasons
  • 32. How many times does the unpaved road to Medano Pass cross the stream bed of Medano Creek?
A) Seven times
B) Twelve times
C) Nine times
D) Five times
  • 33. What is the recreational visitor total for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in 2019?
A) 300,000 visitors
B) 600,000 visitors
C) 400,000 visitors
D) 527,546 visitors
  • 34. Which tribe called the Great Sand Dunes 'Sei-anyedi'?
A) Ute
B) Tewa/Tiwa-speaking pueblos
C) Jicarilla Apaches
D) Navajo
  • 35. What do the Tewa/Tiwa-speaking pueblos call the lake near the dunes?
A) Sisnaajini
B) Sei-anyedi
C) Sip'ophe (Sandy Place Lake)
D) Saa waap maa nache
  • 36. In which year did Don Diego de Vargas enter the San Luis Valley?
A) 1694
B) 1776
C) 1807
D) 1848
  • 37. What type of animals did Don Diego de Vargas and his men hunt in the southern part of the San Luis Valley?
A) Bison
B) Elk
C) Deer
D) Antelope
  • 38. What year did Zebulon Pike write about the Great Sand Dunes?
A) 1853
B) 1776
C) 1848
D) 1807
  • 39. What did Zebulon Pike compare the appearance of the sand hills to?
A) The sea in a storm
B) A desert oasis
C) A mountain range
D) A forest
  • 40. During which season did John C. Frémont cross the Sangre de Cristos into the San Luis Valley?
A) Summer
B) Fall
C) Spring
D) Winter
  • 41. What year did Captain John Gunnison and his party cross the dune field on horseback?
A) 1776
B) 1848
C) 1853
D) 1807
  • 42. In which year was Fort Massachusetts built near the Great Sand Dunes?
A) 1852
B) 1911
C) 1932
D) 1875
  • 43. Which family established a ranch along Medano Creek in 1875?
A) The Wellington family
B) The Volcanic Mining Company
C) The Herard family
D) The Trujillo family
  • 44. What did the Herard family establish in Medano Creek?
A) A concrete manufacturing plant
B) A gold mill
C) A trout hatchery
D) An irrigation ditch
  • 45. Which organization sponsored a bill for national monument status for Great Sand Dunes?
A) The P.E.O. Sisterhood
B) The Nature Conservancy
C) The Herard family
D) The Volcanic Mining Company
  • 46. Who signed the bill granting national monument status to Great Sand Dunes into law?
A) President Theodore Roosevelt
B) President Franklin D. Roosevelt
C) President Herbert Hoover
D) President George Washington
  • 47. When was the expansion of the monument into a national park and preserve completed?
A) 1999
B) 1932
C) 1911
D) 2004
  • 48. Which mountain range is located to the west of the San Luis Valley?
A) Rocky Mountains
B) Cascade Range
C) San Juan Mountains
D) Sierra Nevada
  • 49. What process did geologists use to estimate the age of sand deposits in the dunes?
A) Radiometric dating
B) Carbon dating
C) Potassium-argon dating
D) Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)
  • 50. What causes the dunes to grow vertically?
A) Opposing wind directions during storms
B) Erosion from mountain streams
C) Volcanic activity
D) Constant unidirectional winds
  • 51. What mineral found in the dunes is both attracted to a magnet and can be magnetized?
A) Quartz
B) Feldspar
C) Calcite
D) Magnetite
  • 52. What is the primary reason for the stability of the main dune field?
A) Opposing wind directions balance each other out over time
B) Human intervention
C) Lack of vegetation
D) Constant rainfall
  • 53. What is the approximate latitude of Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve?
A) 35.00° north
B) 30.50° north
C) 40.00° north
D) 37.75° north
  • 54. Which forest is located to the north of Great Sand Dunes National Park?
A) Baca National Wildlife Refuge
B) San Luis Lakes State Wildlife Area
C) Rio Grande National Forest
D) San Juan Mountains
  • 55. What is the closest city to Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve?
A) Mosca
B) Blanca
C) Crestone
D) Alamosa
  • 56. Which major road runs east-west through the San Luis Valley near the park?
A) Colorado State Highway 17
B) Rio Grande Road
C) U.S. Route 285
D) U.S. Route 160
  • 57. What percentage of all the sand in the park is contained within the surrounding flat sand sheet?
A) 80%
B) 70%
C) 50%
D) 90%
  • 58. Which wildlife refuge is adjacent to the west of Great Sand Dunes National Park?
A) Baca National Wildlife Refuge
B) San Luis Lakes State Wildlife Area
C) Sangre de Cristo Range
D) Rio Grande National Forest
  • 59. What is the approximate distance from Great Sand Dunes National Park to Denver?
A) A few hours by car
B) Two days by bus
C) Half a day by train
D) An hour by car
  • 60. Which town is located to the east of Great Sand Dunes National Park?
A) Gardner
B) Crestone
C) Mosca
D) Hooper
  • 61. Which mammal is known for its ability to live in both alpine tundra and low elevation grasslands?
A) kangaroo rat
B) bison
C) pika
D) porcupine
  • 62. How many bison are ranched within the park boundaries on private land owned by The Nature Conservancy?
A) Less than 1000
B) About 1500
C) More than 2000
D) Approximately 2500
  • 63. Which bird species is known for nesting in the mountains during the summer?
A) sandhill crane
B) great blue heron
C) American avocet
D) white-tailed ptarmigan
  • 64. Which reptile found in the park is known for its horn-like spines?
A) fence lizard
B) garter snake
C) short-horned lizard
D) bullsnake
  • 65. Which amphibian found in the park is known for its distinctive call during mating season?
A) spadefoot toad
B) Great Plains toad
C) tiger salamander
D) chorus frog
  • 66. Which bird species is a large, wading bird found in the park?
A) sandhill crane
B) western tanager
C) red-breasted nuthatch
D) hummingbird
  • 67. Which reptile is known for its ability to mimic ants in appearance and behavior?
A) fence lizard
B) Werner's ant-like flower beetle
C) bullsnake
D) garter snake
  • 68. Which amphibian is known for its ability to burrow underground during dry periods?
A) northern leopard frog
B) spadefoot toad
C) Woodhouse's toad
D) tiger salamander
  • 69. Which bird species is known for its impressive diving ability?
A) sandhill crane
B) peregrine falcon
C) golden eagle
D) bald eagle
  • 70. Which type of tree is known as 'crooked wood' and grows near the tree line?
A) Cottonwood
B) Krummholz
C) Aspen
D) Ponderosa pine
  • 71. Which animals are known to hunt mule deer in the montane forests and woodlands?
A) Pronghorn
B) Cougars
C) Elk
D) Bighorn sheep
  • 72. Which bird species can be found hunting in the sabkha wetlands?
A) American avocet
B) Peregrine falcon
C) Hawk
D) Eagle
  • 73. Which mammal species is known to visit the dunes from other habitats?
A) Horse
B) Elephant
C) Kangaroo
D) Elk
  • 74. What type of environment do cottonwood and aspen trees thrive in at Great Sand Dunes National Park?
A) Dune fields
B) Riparian zones along creeks
C) Montane woodlands
D) Subalpine forests
  • 75. Which animal is known to nest in the ground on the sand sheet?
A) Prairie dogs
B) Squirrels
C) Burrowing owls
D) Groundhogs
  • 76. Which type of vehicle is recommended by the park service for Medano Pass Road due to deep sandy stretches?
A) Street-licensed 4WD motor vehicles
B) Standard bicycles
C) Motorcycles
D) Fat tire bikes
  • 77. Which trail leads to the summit of Mount Herard?
A) Mosca Pass Trail
B) A trail off Medano Pass Road
C) Sand Creek Trail
D) Medano Ramp Trail
  • 78. What is the length of Medano Pass Road?
A) 10 miles
B) 22 miles (35 kilometers)
C) 30 miles
D) 15 miles
  • 79. Which organization provides guided trips into the park from Zapata Ranch?
A) Zapata Partners
B) The Nature Conservancy
C) National Park Service
D) Great Sand Dunes Adventure Company
  • 80. What type of hunting is allowed in the national preserve during autumn?
A) Hunting with dogs only
B) No hunting
C) Commercial hunting
D) Sport hunting
  • 81. In what year was the dunes area first designated a national monument?
A) 1932
B) 2000
C) 1976
D) 1999
  • 82. What IUCN management category was assigned to the Great Sand Dunes in 2000?
A) Protected landscape (V)
B) National park (II)
C) Natural monument (III)
D) Wilderness area (Ib)
  • 83. Which organization purchased the Baca Ranch in 2002?
A) National Park Service
B) The Nature Conservancy
C) U.S. Forest Service
D) Department of the Interior
  • 84. How much did The Nature Conservancy pay for the Baca Ranch?
A) $31.28 million
B) $15 million
C) $50 million
D) $20 million
  • 85. What designation was given to the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in 2019?
A) International Dark Sky Park
B) World Heritage Site
C) Biosphere Reserve
D) National Historic Landmark
  • 86. Which peak is located within the Baca Ranch?
A) Longs Peak
B) Pikes Peak
C) Kit Carson Peak
D) Mount Elbert
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