- 1. What is the size of the Niagara Escarpment AVA in Niagara County, New York?
A) 13,600 acres
B) 18,000 acres
C) 3,800 acres
D) 33,606 acres
- 2. Which of these is a grape variety produced in the Niagara Escarpment AVA in New York?
A) Merlot
B) Pinot Noir
C) Zinfandel
D) Gamay Noir
- 3. Which region is the largest wine-producing appellation in Canada?
A) Niagara County
B) Wisconsin Ledge
C) Brown County
D) Niagara Peninsula
- 4. How many subappellations are located along the benchlands of the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario?
A) Five
B) Three
C) Four
D) Two
- 5. Which of these is a subappellation of the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario?
A) Short Hills Bench
B) Lake Michigan Bench
C) Niagara County Bench
D) Green Bay Bench
- 6. What is the size of the Wisconsin Ledge AVA?
A) 18,000 square miles
B) 13,600 square miles
C) 3,800 square miles
D) 7,284 square miles
- 7. What body of water influences the climate of the Wisconsin Ledge AVA?
A) Lake Michigan
B) Lake Huron
C) Lake Erie
D) Lake Ontario
- 8. What makes up the glacial soils of the Wisconsin Ledge?
A) Clay, silt, and granite
B) Sand, limestone, and loam
C) Silt, peat, and volcanic ash
D) Gravel, sand, and clay
- 9. What provides mineral-rich ground water to vines in the Wisconsin Ledge?
A) An aquifer
B) The Niagara River
C) Glacial meltwater
D) Lake Michigan
- 10. When was the Niagara Escarpment designated as a World Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO?
A) 1995
B) 2000
C) 1985
D) 1990
- 11. Which agency regulates land use on the Niagara Escarpment in Ontario?
A) Wisconsin Ledge Authority
B) UNESCO
C) Niagara Escarpment Commission
D) Ontario Agricultural Board
- 12. What type of tree is Ontario's oldest tree?
A) Red oak
B) Eastern white cedar
C) White pine
D) Sugar maple
- 13. In which county was the oldest known tree in Wisconsin found?
A) Niagara County
B) Door County
C) Ontario County
D) Brown County
- 14. How old is the oldest known tree found in Wisconsin?
A) 1,500 years
B) 1,000 years
C) 688 years
D) 1,300 years
- 15. Which grape variety is grown in both the New York Niagara Escarpment AVA and the Ontario Niagara Peninsula?
A) Cabernet Franc
B) Gamay Noir
C) Merlot
D) Pinot Noir
- 16. What famous canal required a series of locks to traverse the Niagara Escarpment in New York?
A) Panama Canal
B) Welland Canal
C) Suez Canal
D) Erie Canal
- 17. Which community grew at the site where the Erie Canal crossed the escarpment?
A) Hamilton
B) Owen Sound
C) Lockport
D) Meaford
- 18. Which canal allows ships to traverse the escarpment between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario?
A) Erie Canal
B) Rideau Canal
C) Welland Canal
D) Trent-Severn Canal
- 19. Which invasive species entered Lake Erie via the Welland Canal?
A) Round Goby
B) Asian Carp
C) Sea Lamprey
D) Zebra Mussel
- 20. Where does the Bruce Trail begin its length along the escarpment?
A) Tobermory
B) Queenston
C) Hamilton
D) Milton
- 21. Where does the Bruce Trail end its length along the escarpment?
A) Tobermory
B) Owen Sound
C) Queenston
D) Meaford
- 22. Which highway is considered Canada's busiest and crosses the Niagara Escarpment?
A) Highway 401
B) Highway 407
C) Highway 26
D) Highway 400
- 23. Along which highway can rock exposed on the face of the escarpment be seen from Owen Sound to Meaford?
A) Highway 6
B) Highway 401
C) Highway 26
D) Highway 10
- 24. What do residents of Hamilton, Ontario commonly call the escarpment?
A) The Cliffs
B) The Mountain
C) The Ridge
D) The Ledge
- 25. What transportation system moved people up and down 'The Mountain' in Hamilton from 1892 to 1936?
A) Hamilton Cable Car
B) Escarpment Funicular
C) Hamilton Incline Railway
D) Mountain Electric Tram
- 26. What feature is found in High Cliff State Park that represents prehistoric human use of the escarpment?
A) Effigy mounds
B) Petroglyphs
C) Cliff dwellings
D) Stone monoliths
- 27. What is the Niagara Escarpment known as in Dodge County, Wisconsin?
A) The Ledge
B) The Bluff
C) The Rise
D) The Mountain
- 28. What is the name of the sports teams at St. Mary's Springs Academy, named after the escarpment?
A) The Ledgers
B) The Quarrymen
C) The Escarpments
D) The Climbers
- 29. What is the primary cause of the Niagara Escarpment's formation?
A) Volcanic activity
B) Unequal erosion
C) A major fault line
D) Tectonic plate collision
- 30. What lies beneath the resistant caprock of the escarpment?
A) Hardened clay
B) Metamorphic schist
C) Weaker shale
D) Igneous bedrock
- 31. What process removes the soft rocks to undercut the caprock?
A) Tectonic folding
B) Subduction
C) Differential erosion
D) Glacial calving
- 32. What feature conceals the escarpment north of Georgetown, Ontario?
A) Glacial deposits
B) A massive lava flow
C) Artificial land development
D) Deep ocean sediment
- 33. What is the name of the specific glacial deposit mentioned that covers the escarpment?
A) Great Lakes Basin
B) Niagara Moraine
C) Laurentide Drift
D) Oak Ridges Moraine
- 34. In what type of environment was the dolomite cap originally laid down?
A) Marine environment
B) Volcanic crater
C) River delta
D) Desert basin
- 35. Which geological period saw the formation of the harder dolomite layers?
A) Jurassic
B) Devonian
C) Cambrian
D) Silurian
- 36. Which element substituted for calcium to form dolomite?
A) Sodium
B) Magnesium
C) Iron
D) Potassium
- 37. The escarpment is essentially the remnant of what feature of an ancient sea?
A) Hydrothermal vent
B) Shoreline
C) Island chain
D) Trench
- 38. When were worldwide sea levels at their all-time maximum?
A) Silurian
B) Carboniferous
C) Permian
D) Ordovician
- 39. What is another name for dolomitic limestone?
A) Sandstone
B) Quartzite
C) Marble
D) Dolostone
- 40. Where can the escarpment be seen manifesting in three waterfalls?
A) St. Lawrence River
B) Niagara River
C) Detroit River
D) Genesee River
- 41. What international designation does the Niagara Escarpment hold?
A) World Heritage Site
B) UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve
C) National Park System
D) Global Geological Monument
- 42. Where does the Genesee River flow over the scarp face in three waterfalls?
A) Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan
B) Hamilton, Ontario
C) Rochester, New York
D) Milton, Ontario
- 43. Which formation runs parallel to the Lockport Formation in western New York and southern Ontario?
A) Niagara Formation
B) Dodge Formation
C) Bruce Formation
D) Onondaga Formation
- 44. What is the shape of the Niagara Escarpment described as?
A) Zig-zag
B) Circular
C) Straight line
D) Arc-shaped
- 45. In Ontario, the escarpment takes a sharp turn north toward Georgian Bay in which town?
A) St. Catharines
B) Hamilton
C) Milton
D) Rochester
- 46. The escarpment enters the United States in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, south of which city?
A) Milton
B) Sault Ste. Marie
C) Rochester
D) Chicago
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