- 1. Mount Merapi, located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta in Indonesia, is one of the most active and well-studied volcanoes in the world, renowned for its frequent eruptions and dramatic landscapes. Rising to an elevation of 2,930 meters (9,616 feet), it is the highest volcano on Java and a prominent feature of Indonesia's vibrant geological landscape. The name 'Merapi' translates to 'Mountain of Fire' in Javanese, reflecting the indigenous belief that the volcano is a spiritual entity that actively participates in the lives of the surrounding communities. Its eruptions, characterized by explosive bursts of ash and pyroclastic flows, have shaped both the physical terrain and the cultural identity of the region. The last significant eruption occurred in 2010, resulting in extensive evacuations and a profound impact on local agriculture and livelihoods. However, the volcano's allure is not just in its explosive nature; the verdant slopes of Merapi are home to diverse flora and fauna, as well as a rich tapestry of traditional villages and ancient temples, making it a popular destination for tourists, hikers, and researchers alike. The surrounding area is also marked by numerous legends and myths, where locals believe that the spirits of the ancestors dwell in its craters and that the eruptions are messages from the gods, tightly weaving the volcano into the cultural fabric of Java.
Where is Mount Merapi located?
A) Japan
B) Indonesia
C) Philippines
D) India
- 2. What type of volcano is Mount Merapi?
A) Shield volcano
B) Cinder cone
C) Lava dome
D) Stratovolcano
- 3. When was the most recent major eruption of Mount Merapi?
A) 2010
B) 1994
C) 2006
D) 1988
- 4. What is the height of Mount Merapi?
A) 3,200 meters
B) 2,930 meters
C) 2,500 meters
D) 3,500 meters
- 5. Which city is closest to Mount Merapi?
A) Bandung
B) Jakarta
C) Bali
D) Yogyakarta
- 6. What is a common hazard associated with Mount Merapi eruptions?
A) Floods
B) Tsunamis
C) Pyroclastic flows
D) Earthquakes
- 7. Which volcanic activity is Mount Merapi known for?
A) Phreatomagmatic eruptions
B) Quiet lava flows
C) Fissure eruptions
D) Explosive eruptions
- 8. Which type of cloud is typically associated with eruptions of Mount Merapi?
A) Thunderstorms
B) Rain clouds
C) Fog
D) Ash clouds
- 9. Which Indonesian island is home to Mount Merapi?
A) Borneo
B) Sumatra
C) Java
D) Sulawesi
- 10. Which of the following is true about Mount Merapi's activity?
A) It is dormant
B) It is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia
C) It is not monitored
D) It has never erupted
- 11. What is the local name for Mount Merapi?
A) Gunung Merapi
B) Gunung Semeru
C) Gunung Agung
D) Gunung Bromo
- 12. When did the major eruption of Mount Merapi occur in 2010?
A) January
B) October
C) July
D) April
- 13. What is one of the significant components of the volcanic gases released by Mount Merapi?
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Ozone
C) Methane
D) Sulfur dioxide
- 14. What is the geological feature formed when an eruption empties a magma chamber?
A) Caldera
B) Crater
C) Dome
D) Vent
- 15. When does the rainy season increase volcanic activity risk?
A) In summer
B) In winter
C) During heavy rainfall
D) During dry seasons
- 16. What type of lava flow is typically produced by Mount Merapi?
A) Runny lava
B) Explosive lava
C) Viscous lava
D) Frozen lava
- 17. How frequently does Mount Merapi typically erupt?
A) Once every century
B) Every few years
C) Once every decade
D) Every month
- 18. What phenomenon helps predict an eruption at Mount Merapi?
A) Lower temperatures
B) Calm winds
C) Increased seismic activity
D) Decreased rainfall
- 19. What organization is responsible for volcano monitoring in Indonesia?
A) National Aeronautics and Space Administration
B) Earthquake Research Institute
C) US Geological Survey
D) Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG)
- 20. Which organization monitors volcanic activity in Indonesia?
A) World Health Organization
B) NASA
C) USGS
D) Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation Center
- 21. What phenomenon often precedes an eruption at Mount Merapi?
A) Heavy rainfall
B) Earthquake swarms
C) Gas emissions
D) High winds
- 22. Mount Merapi is part of which national park?
A) Komodo National Park
B) Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
C) Mount Merapi National Park
D) Ujung Kulon National Park
- 23. What type of monitoring is conducted at Mount Merapi?
A) Flood forecasting
B) Storm tracking
C) Seismic monitoring
D) Tsunami warnings
- 24. What is the term for volcanic mudflows that may occur after eruptions?
A) Ash clouds
B) Pumice
C) Lahars
D) Tephra
- 25. What is the Indonesian word for 'eruption'?
A) Banjir
B) Letusan
C) Rawan
D) Gempa
- 26. What alert level is used for volcanic activity in Indonesia?
A) Four-level system
B) Three-level system
C) Two-level system
D) Five-level system
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