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Sociology of deviance - Test
Contributed by: Burrows
  • 1. Sociology of deviance is a subfield of sociology that examines behaviors and actions that are considered outside societal norms and standards. It focuses on understanding why certain behaviors are labeled as deviant, how these labels are applied, and the impact of societal reactions on individuals and groups. This field explores the social construction of deviance, the role of power dynamics in defining norms, and the implications of deviant behavior for social control and inequality. Sociologists of deviance seek to challenge and deconstruct conventional ideas about what is considered 'normal' in society, and to understand how these perceptions shape social interactions, institutions, and structures.

    What is the difference between crime and deviance?
A) There is no difference.
B) Deviance is worse than crime.
C) Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms, while crime refers to behavior that breaks laws.
D) Crime is only committed by certain groups.
  • 2. Which theory suggests that deviance is a result of societal strains and opportunities for deviant behavior?
A) Strain theory.
B) Control theory.
C) Labeling theory.
D) Conflict theory.
  • 3. What is the term for the process by which an individual's status is transformed into a deviant identity?
A) Control theory.
B) Anomie theory.
C) Labeling theory.
D) Differential association theory.
  • 4. What is the term for a theory that suggests individuals conform to social expectations based on their bonds with others and institutions?
A) Labeling theory.
B) Social control theory.
C) Strain theory.
D) Conflict theory.
  • 5. According to social control theory, what is the role of informal social institutions in preventing deviance?
A) They impose harsh punishments on deviant individuals.
B) They actively promote deviant behavior.
C) They have no impact on deviance.
D) They provide social relationships that deter individuals from deviant behavior.
  • 6. What is secondary deviance?
A) Deviance that is officially punishable by law.
B) Less serious deviant acts.
C) Behavior that occurs in response to being labeled as deviant.
D) Deviance that is accepted by society.
  • 7. What role do social norms play in defining deviant behavior?
A) They establish boundaries of acceptable behavior.
B) They encourage all behavior equally.
C) They are only applicable to certain groups.
D) They are irrelevant to deviance.
  • 8. According to the control theory, what prevents individuals from engaging in deviant behavior?
A) Labeling by society.
B) Strain and societal pressures.
C) Strong social bonds and attachments.
D) Adherence to rigid rules.
  • 9. How does the conflict theory view deviance?
A) As a natural human instinct.
B) As a psychological disorder.
C) As a result of societal strains.
D) As a form of social inequality and power dynamics.
  • 10. Which sociological theory views deviance as a normal and necessary part of social organization?
A) Structural functionalism
B) Conflict theory
C) Symbolic interaction
D) Labeling theory
  • 11. Who proposed the normative theory of suicide that includes four important functions of deviance?
A) Émile Durkheim
B) Max Weber
C) Robert Merton
D) Karl Marx
  • 12. Which sociological theory focuses on the interaction and interpretation of symbols in understanding deviance?
A) Structural functionalism
B) Rational choice theory
C) Symbolic interactionism
D) Conflict theory
  • 13. What type of suicide occurs when a person experiences too much social regulation?
A) Anomic suicide
B) Egoistic suicide
C) Fatalistic suicide
D) Altruistic suicide
  • 14. Which type of deviance involves creating new goals and means that differ from those of society?
A) Conformism
B) Innovation
C) Ritualism
D) Rebellion
  • 15. How many types of neutralization are identified in the theory?
A) Three
B) Four
C) Six
D) Five
  • 16. What process do courts rely on to resolve cases?
A) Community service assignments
B) Mediation between the defendant and victim
C) Public voting
D) An adversarial process with plea bargaining
  • 17. Which type of deviance is characterized by rejecting both cultural goals and means, leading individuals to 'drop out'?
A) Conformism
B) Retreatism
C) Rebellion
D) Innovation
  • 18. What is the panopticon an example of, according to Foucault?
A) An ancient form of punishment.
B) A model for democratic governance.
C) A method for promoting free will.
D) A template for modern prisons using discipline.
  • 19. Who utilized the theory of bourgeois control over social junk and social dynamite?
A) George Rusche
B) Jock Young
C) Steven Spitzer
D) Karl Marx
  • 20. What is one factor that influences police decision-making to make an arrest?
A) The suspect's financial status
B) If the offence is serious
C) The time of day the crime occurs
D) The weather conditions
  • 21. Which type of suicide occurs due to a lack of social integration?
A) Altruistic suicide
B) Anomic suicide
C) Fatalistic suicide
D) Egoistic suicide
  • 22. Which type of deviance involves accepting societal goals but rejecting the means to achieve them?
A) Ritualism
B) Conformism
C) Retreatism
D) Innovation
  • 23. According to Karl Marx, what causes conflict and thus deviant behavior among the proletariat?
A) Lack of education
B) Economic inequality
C) Cultural differences
D) Alienation
  • 24. Who was among the first to develop the Theory of Biological Deviance?
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Karl Marx
C) Charles Darwin
D) Michel Foucault
  • 25. What occurs when one is too socially integrated according to Durkheim?
A) Egoistic suicide
B) Fatalistic suicide
C) Anomic suicide
D) Altruistic suicide
  • 26. What is a disadvantage of resolving most court cases through plea bargaining?
A) It puts less powerful people at a disadvantage
B) It increases the cost of legal proceedings
C) It guarantees harsher sentences
D) It leads to longer trial durations
  • 27. Who developed the concept of primary and secondary deviation?
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Robert Crutchfield
C) Walter C. Reckless
D) Travis Hirschi
  • 28. Which form of justice focuses on defining boundaries of acceptable behaviors?
A) Preventive justice
B) Restorative justice
C) Rehabilitative justice (rehabilitation & societal protection)
D) Punitive justice (retribution & deterrence)
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