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Sociology of deviance - Test
Contributed by: Burrows
  • 1. Sociology of deviance is a subfield of sociology that examines behaviors and actions that are considered outside societal norms and standards. It focuses on understanding why certain behaviors are labeled as deviant, how these labels are applied, and the impact of societal reactions on individuals and groups. This field explores the social construction of deviance, the role of power dynamics in defining norms, and the implications of deviant behavior for social control and inequality. Sociologists of deviance seek to challenge and deconstruct conventional ideas about what is considered 'normal' in society, and to understand how these perceptions shape social interactions, institutions, and structures.

    What is the difference between crime and deviance?
A) There is no difference.
B) Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms, while crime refers to behavior that breaks laws.
C) Crime is only committed by certain groups.
D) Deviance is worse than crime.
  • 2. Which theory suggests that deviance is a result of societal strains and opportunities for deviant behavior?
A) Conflict theory.
B) Labeling theory.
C) Strain theory.
D) Control theory.
  • 3. What is the term for the process by which an individual's status is transformed into a deviant identity?
A) Control theory.
B) Differential association theory.
C) Labeling theory.
D) Anomie theory.
  • 4. What is the term for a theory that suggests individuals conform to social expectations based on their bonds with others and institutions?
A) Conflict theory.
B) Labeling theory.
C) Strain theory.
D) Social control theory.
  • 5. According to social control theory, what is the role of informal social institutions in preventing deviance?
A) They have no impact on deviance.
B) They impose harsh punishments on deviant individuals.
C) They provide social relationships that deter individuals from deviant behavior.
D) They actively promote deviant behavior.
  • 6. What is secondary deviance?
A) Behavior that occurs in response to being labeled as deviant.
B) Deviance that is officially punishable by law.
C) Deviance that is accepted by society.
D) Less serious deviant acts.
  • 7. What role do social norms play in defining deviant behavior?
A) They encourage all behavior equally.
B) They are irrelevant to deviance.
C) They establish boundaries of acceptable behavior.
D) They are only applicable to certain groups.
  • 8. According to the control theory, what prevents individuals from engaging in deviant behavior?
A) Adherence to rigid rules.
B) Labeling by society.
C) Strain and societal pressures.
D) Strong social bonds and attachments.
  • 9. How does the conflict theory view deviance?
A) As a result of societal strains.
B) As a natural human instinct.
C) As a psychological disorder.
D) As a form of social inequality and power dynamics.
  • 10. Which sociological theory views deviance as a normal and necessary part of social organization?
A) Labeling theory
B) Symbolic interaction
C) Conflict theory
D) Structural functionalism
  • 11. Who proposed the normative theory of suicide that includes four important functions of deviance?
A) Max Weber
B) Émile Durkheim
C) Robert Merton
D) Karl Marx
  • 12. Which sociological theory focuses on the interaction and interpretation of symbols in understanding deviance?
A) Rational choice theory
B) Structural functionalism
C) Conflict theory
D) Symbolic interactionism
  • 13. What type of suicide occurs when a person experiences too much social regulation?
A) Egoistic suicide
B) Altruistic suicide
C) Fatalistic suicide
D) Anomic suicide
  • 14. Which type of deviance involves creating new goals and means that differ from those of society?
A) Ritualism
B) Conformism
C) Rebellion
D) Innovation
  • 15. How many types of neutralization are identified in the theory?
A) Six
B) Four
C) Five
D) Three
  • 16. What process do courts rely on to resolve cases?
A) Community service assignments
B) An adversarial process with plea bargaining
C) Public voting
D) Mediation between the defendant and victim
  • 17. Which type of deviance is characterized by rejecting both cultural goals and means, leading individuals to 'drop out'?
A) Conformism
B) Retreatism
C) Rebellion
D) Innovation
  • 18. What is the panopticon an example of, according to Foucault?
A) A method for promoting free will.
B) A model for democratic governance.
C) A template for modern prisons using discipline.
D) An ancient form of punishment.
  • 19. Who utilized the theory of bourgeois control over social junk and social dynamite?
A) Steven Spitzer
B) George Rusche
C) Jock Young
D) Karl Marx
  • 20. What is one factor that influences police decision-making to make an arrest?
A) The suspect's financial status
B) The weather conditions
C) The time of day the crime occurs
D) If the offence is serious
  • 21. Which type of suicide occurs due to a lack of social integration?
A) Egoistic suicide
B) Anomic suicide
C) Altruistic suicide
D) Fatalistic suicide
  • 22. Which type of deviance involves accepting societal goals but rejecting the means to achieve them?
A) Conformism
B) Ritualism
C) Innovation
D) Retreatism
  • 23. According to Karl Marx, what causes conflict and thus deviant behavior among the proletariat?
A) Economic inequality
B) Cultural differences
C) Lack of education
D) Alienation
  • 24. Who was among the first to develop the Theory of Biological Deviance?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Cesare Lombroso
C) Karl Marx
D) Michel Foucault
  • 25. What occurs when one is too socially integrated according to Durkheim?
A) Anomic suicide
B) Altruistic suicide
C) Fatalistic suicide
D) Egoistic suicide
  • 26. What is a disadvantage of resolving most court cases through plea bargaining?
A) It increases the cost of legal proceedings
B) It puts less powerful people at a disadvantage
C) It leads to longer trial durations
D) It guarantees harsher sentences
  • 27. Who developed the concept of primary and secondary deviation?
A) Edwin Lemert
B) Robert Crutchfield
C) Travis Hirschi
D) Walter C. Reckless
  • 28. Which form of justice focuses on defining boundaries of acceptable behaviors?
A) Restorative justice
B) Preventive justice
C) Rehabilitative justice (rehabilitation & societal protection)
D) Punitive justice (retribution & deterrence)
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