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Sociology of deviance - Test
Contributed by: Burrows
  • 1. Sociology of deviance is a subfield of sociology that examines behaviors and actions that are considered outside societal norms and standards. It focuses on understanding why certain behaviors are labeled as deviant, how these labels are applied, and the impact of societal reactions on individuals and groups. This field explores the social construction of deviance, the role of power dynamics in defining norms, and the implications of deviant behavior for social control and inequality. Sociologists of deviance seek to challenge and deconstruct conventional ideas about what is considered 'normal' in society, and to understand how these perceptions shape social interactions, institutions, and structures.

    What is the difference between crime and deviance?
A) Crime is only committed by certain groups.
B) Deviance is worse than crime.
C) There is no difference.
D) Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms, while crime refers to behavior that breaks laws.
  • 2. Which theory suggests that deviance is a result of societal strains and opportunities for deviant behavior?
A) Labeling theory.
B) Strain theory.
C) Conflict theory.
D) Control theory.
  • 3. What is the term for the process by which an individual's status is transformed into a deviant identity?
A) Differential association theory.
B) Labeling theory.
C) Control theory.
D) Anomie theory.
  • 4. What is the term for a theory that suggests individuals conform to social expectations based on their bonds with others and institutions?
A) Labeling theory.
B) Social control theory.
C) Strain theory.
D) Conflict theory.
  • 5. According to social control theory, what is the role of informal social institutions in preventing deviance?
A) They provide social relationships that deter individuals from deviant behavior.
B) They actively promote deviant behavior.
C) They have no impact on deviance.
D) They impose harsh punishments on deviant individuals.
  • 6. What is secondary deviance?
A) Less serious deviant acts.
B) Deviance that is accepted by society.
C) Behavior that occurs in response to being labeled as deviant.
D) Deviance that is officially punishable by law.
  • 7. What role do social norms play in defining deviant behavior?
A) They encourage all behavior equally.
B) They are only applicable to certain groups.
C) They are irrelevant to deviance.
D) They establish boundaries of acceptable behavior.
  • 8. According to the control theory, what prevents individuals from engaging in deviant behavior?
A) Labeling by society.
B) Strain and societal pressures.
C) Strong social bonds and attachments.
D) Adherence to rigid rules.
  • 9. How does the conflict theory view deviance?
A) As a form of social inequality and power dynamics.
B) As a result of societal strains.
C) As a psychological disorder.
D) As a natural human instinct.
  • 10. Which sociological theory views deviance as a normal and necessary part of social organization?
A) Labeling theory
B) Symbolic interaction
C) Structural functionalism
D) Conflict theory
  • 11. Who proposed the normative theory of suicide that includes four important functions of deviance?
A) Karl Marx
B) Max Weber
C) Émile Durkheim
D) Robert Merton
  • 12. What occurs when one is too socially integrated according to Durkheim?
A) Anomic suicide
B) Egoistic suicide
C) Fatalistic suicide
D) Altruistic suicide
  • 13. Which type of suicide occurs due to a lack of social integration?
A) Egoistic suicide
B) Fatalistic suicide
C) Anomic suicide
D) Altruistic suicide
  • 14. What type of suicide occurs when a person experiences too much social regulation?
A) Egoistic suicide
B) Altruistic suicide
C) Fatalistic suicide
D) Anomic suicide
  • 15. Which sociological theory focuses on the interaction and interpretation of symbols in understanding deviance?
A) Symbolic interactionism
B) Rational choice theory
C) Structural functionalism
D) Conflict theory
  • 16. Which type of deviance involves accepting societal goals but rejecting the means to achieve them?
A) Conformism
B) Innovation
C) Ritualism
D) Retreatism
  • 17. Which type of deviance is characterized by rejecting both cultural goals and means, leading individuals to 'drop out'?
A) Rebellion
B) Retreatism
C) Conformism
D) Innovation
  • 18. Which type of deviance involves creating new goals and means that differ from those of society?
A) Innovation
B) Rebellion
C) Conformism
D) Ritualism
  • 19. How many types of neutralization are identified in the theory?
A) Five
B) Six
C) Three
D) Four
  • 20. Who developed the concept of primary and secondary deviation?
A) Travis Hirschi
B) Edwin Lemert
C) Walter C. Reckless
D) Robert Crutchfield
  • 21. According to Karl Marx, what causes conflict and thus deviant behavior among the proletariat?
A) Alienation
B) Lack of education
C) Cultural differences
D) Economic inequality
  • 22. Who utilized the theory of bourgeois control over social junk and social dynamite?
A) Steven Spitzer
B) Jock Young
C) Karl Marx
D) George Rusche
  • 23. What is the panopticon an example of, according to Foucault?
A) An ancient form of punishment.
B) A template for modern prisons using discipline.
C) A model for democratic governance.
D) A method for promoting free will.
  • 24. Who was among the first to develop the Theory of Biological Deviance?
A) Cesare Lombroso
B) Michel Foucault
C) Charles Darwin
D) Karl Marx
  • 25. What is one factor that influences police decision-making to make an arrest?
A) The weather conditions
B) If the offence is serious
C) The time of day the crime occurs
D) The suspect's financial status
  • 26. What process do courts rely on to resolve cases?
A) Mediation between the defendant and victim
B) Public voting
C) An adversarial process with plea bargaining
D) Community service assignments
  • 27. What is a disadvantage of resolving most court cases through plea bargaining?
A) It puts less powerful people at a disadvantage
B) It leads to longer trial durations
C) It guarantees harsher sentences
D) It increases the cost of legal proceedings
  • 28. Which form of justice focuses on defining boundaries of acceptable behaviors?
A) Rehabilitative justice (rehabilitation & societal protection)
B) Punitive justice (retribution & deterrence)
C) Restorative justice
D) Preventive justice
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