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Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
Contributed by: Handley
  • 1. Biotechnology is a field of science that involves the use of living organisms or their products to modify and improve products, processes, or organisms. Genetic engineering is a specific type of biotechnology that involves manipulating the genetic material of an organism to create desired traits or outcomes. These technologies have vast implications across various industries, including agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. Biotechnology and genetic engineering have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling the development of personalized medicine, genetically modified organisms for increased crop yields, and the production of biofuels to reduce reliance on fossil fuels. However, with such advancements come ethical considerations surrounding issues like genetic modification, privacy concerns, and access to these technologies. As research and development in biotechnology and genetic engineering continue to advance, it is crucial for society to have informed discussions on the benefits and risks associated with these technologies.

    What is the function of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering?
A) It cuts DNA at specific sequences.
B) It copies DNA strands.
C) It adds new genetic material to DNA.
D) It mutates genes.
  • 2. What is the purpose of gene cloning?
A) To remove genes from an organism.
B) To create a completely new gene.
C) To study the entire genome of an organism.
D) To produce multiple copies of a gene.
  • 3. What is CRISPR-Cas9 used for in biotechnology?
A) To clone entire organisms.
B) To edit genes with precision.
C) To create hybrid organisms.
D) To study proteins in cells.
  • 4. What is a GMO?
A) A grand method of optimization.
B) A gene mapping organization.
C) A protein found in organisms.
D) A genetically modified organism.
  • 5. What is the role of plasmids in genetic engineering?
A) They are proteins that regulate gene expression.
B) They are tools to measure DNA length.
C) They are enzymes used to cut DNA.
D) They are used as vectors to transfer desired genes into host organisms.
  • 6. What is the main purpose of genetic engineering in agriculture?
A) To eliminate the need for fertilizers.
B) To produce crops with desirable traits such as pest resistance or higher yield.
C) To increase the cost of food production.
D) To reduce the genetic diversity of crops.
  • 7. What is a gene drive technology?
A) A tool to deliberately spread a specific gene through a population.
B) A method to delete genes from an organism.
C) A technique to clone entire organisms.
D) A process to analyze the entire genome of a species.
  • 8. What is vaccine development in biotechnology?
A) Testing antibiotics on viruses.
B) Manufacturing traditional medicines.
C) Using genetic engineering to create vaccines against diseases.
D) Studying the history of vaccines.
  • 9. Which technique is used to amplify a piece of DNA in vitro?
A) Transformation
B) Gel electrophoresis
C) CRISPR-Cas9
D) Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
  • 10. What is a knock-in in genetic engineering?
A) The removal of genes from an organism.
B) A natural gene mutation.
C) The insertion of a specific gene into a specific location in the genome.
D) The transfer of an entire chromosome into a cell.
  • 11. What is an example of gene editing technology?
A) Plasmid transformation.
B) CRISPR-Cas9.
C) RNA interference.
D) Gene cloning.
  • 12. Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on size?
A) CRISPR-Cas9
B) Gel electrophoresis
C) Southern blotting
D) RNA interference
  • 13. What is the technique used to introduce new genes into plant cells?
A) Agrobacterium-mediated transformation
B) Western blotting
C) RNA splicing
D) Yeast two-hybrid system
  • 14. What is the potential risk associated with modifying genes in humans?
A) Improved overall health and well-being.
B) Unintended genetic mutations and long-term health effects.
C) Immediate and predictable benefits.
D) No change in genetic diversity within a population.
  • 15. What is a gene edit in genetic engineering?
A) Deleting an entire chromosome.
B) Copying a gene from one species to another.
C) Inserting a whole gene into an organism.
D) Changing a specific sequence of DNA within a gene.
  • 16. How does genetic engineering benefit the agricultural industry?
A) By promoting the use of natural fertilizers only.
B) By reducing the variety of crop species.
C) By developing crops with improved yields and resistance to pests.
D) By increasing the use of chemical pesticides.
  • 17. How does genetic engineering contribute to medical advancements?
A) By increasing resistance to antibiotics in humans.
B) By replacing traditional medicines with genetically modified ones.
C) By creating new diseases for research purposes.
D) By enabling the production of human proteins like insulin for therapy.
  • 18. What is the process of cutting DNA at specific sites called?
A) Transcription
B) Translation
C) Restriction digestion
D) PCR amplification
  • 19. In gene editing, what is CRISPR short for?
A) Cellular Replication and Inheritance System
B) Catalytic RNA for Inducing Specific Proteins
C) Coding Region for Identifying Specific Proteins
D) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
  • 20. What is gene expression in biotechnology?
A) The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
B) The study of gene inheritance patterns.
C) The sequencing of an entire genome.
D) The manipulation of genes in a lab setting.
  • 21. What is the role of bioinformatics in genetic engineering?
A) To create artificial organisms.
B) To study biochemistry in organisms.
C) To analyze and interpret biological data using computational tools.
D) To physically manipulate DNA in a lab.
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