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Lemur - Test
Contributed by: Newman
  • 1. What type of animal is a Lemur?
A) Primate
B) Mammal
C) Reptile
D) Bird
  • 2. Where are lemurs native to?
A) Madagascar
B) Japan
C) Australia
D) Brazil
  • 3. What is the typical diet of a lemur?
A) Meat
B) Fruits and leaves
C) Seeds and nuts
D) Fish
  • 4. Which type of lemurs are known for their distinctive black and white tails?
A) Red Ruffed Lemurs
B) Aye-aye Lemurs
C) Indri Lemurs
D) Ring-tailed Lemurs
  • 5. Which is the largest living lemur species?
A) Indri
B) Ruffed Lemur
C) Aye-aye
D) Sifaka
  • 6. Lemurs are diurnal, meaning they are most active during?
A) Nighttime
B) Twilight
C) Dawn and Dusk
D) Daytime
  • 7. What is the main threat to lemurs in the wild?
A) Climate change
B) Disease
C) Habitat loss
D) Predators
  • 8. What is a group of lemurs called?
A) Herd
B) Pod
C) Troop
D) Flock
  • 9. What is the origin of the name 'lemur'?
A) From Latin 'lemures', meaning 'ghosts, spirits of the dead'
B) Named after a famous explorer named Lemur
C) Derived from Malagasy language, meaning 'tree climber'
D) From Greek 'lemuros', meaning 'forest dweller'
  • 10. What is a common trait of extinct 'giant lemurs'?
A) Giant lemurs could fly.
B) All giant lemurs lived in water.
C) Giant lemurs had no tails.
D) They were larger than living lemur species, with some as large as gorillas.
  • 11. What type of metabolic rate do lemurs have?
A) They have a relatively low basal metabolic rate.
B) Their metabolic rate is variable and unpredictable.
C) Lemurs lack a basal metabolic rate.
D) Lemurs have a high basal metabolic rate.
  • 12. What type of breeding do lemurs exhibit?
A) Lemurs breed only once in their lifetime.
B) Males dominate during the breeding season.
C) Breeding occurs year-round without any specific pattern.
D) They exhibit seasonal breeding with female social dominance.
  • 13. How many species of lemurs can coexist in the same forest?
A) No two species of lemurs can share the same habitat.
B) All lemur species can coexist without conflict.
C) Only one species can live in a given forest.
D) Two species may coexist due to different diets.
  • 14. Who is credited with giving lemurs their name?
A) Gregor Mendel
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Carl Linnaeus
D) Charles Darwin
  • 15. What is the current name for Lemur volans?
A) Daubentonia madagascariensis
B) Lemur catta
C) Indri indri
D) Cynocephalus volans
  • 16. To which suborder do lemurs belong?
A) Tarsiiformes
B) Strepsirrhini
C) Haplorhini
D) Simiiformes
  • 17. From which early primates are modern strepsirrhines traditionally thought to have evolved?
A) Lorisoids
B) Tarsiers
C) Simians
D) Adapiforms
  • 18. What specialized arrangement of teeth do nearly all living strepsirrhines possess that adapiforms lack?
A) Honing complex
B) Canine tusks
C) Bilophodont molars
D) Toothcomb
  • 19. What is the name of the hypothesis that explains the colonization of Madagascar by lemurs through random rafting events?
A) Sweepstakes hypothesis
B) Land bridge theory
C) Continental drift hypothesis
D) Island hopping hypothesis
  • 20. What was the minimum width of the Mozambique Channel that ancestral lemurs had to cross?
A) 1000 km (620 mi)
B) 300 km (186 mi)
C) 750 km (466 mi)
D) 560 km (350 mi)
  • 21. Who first noted that the mammalian biodiversity on Madagascar could be accounted for by random rafting events?
A) George Gaylord Simpson
B) William Diller Matthew
C) Charles Darwin
D) Richard Owen
  • 22. What was the estimated duration of the rafting trip from Africa to Madagascar around 60 million years ago?
A) 1 year
B) 100 days
C) 30 days or less
D) 6 months
  • 23. By what time had the window for oceanic dispersal of lemurs to Madagascar closed?
A) 50 million years ago
B) 10 million years ago
C) 20 million years ago
D) 5 million years ago
  • 24. Which of the following traits is NOT mentioned as an adaptation to Madagascar's climate?
A) Hypometabolism
B) Cathemerality
C) Seasonal fat storage
D) Nocturnal vision enhancement
  • 25. What agricultural practice contributed to habitat destruction for lemurs?
A) Aquaculture
B) Slash-and-burn agriculture (tavy)
C) Shifting cultivation
D) Terrace farming
  • 26. How much of Madagascar's area do lemurs now inhabit?
A) 75%
B) ~10%
C) 25%
D) 50%
  • 27. Which lemur trait is associated with female social dominance?
A) Nocturnal activity
B) High encephalization
C) Sexual monomorphism
D) Large group sizes
  • 28. Which infraorder contains all living strepsirrhines in one taxonomy?
A) Lorisiformes
B) Chiromyiformes
C) Lemuriformes
D) Strepsirrhini
  • 29. Which genus was once debated as a primate, rodent, or marsupial?
A) Propithecus
B) Lemur
C) Daubentonia
D) Indri
  • 30. What is the relationship between sportive lemurs and koala lemurs according to genetic studies?
A) Identical
B) Not closely related
C) Closely related
D) Subspecies of each other
  • 31. What is the main reason for critics of increasing lemur species numbers?
A) Ecological stability
B) Morphological similarity
C) Genetic uniformity
D) Taxonomic inflation
  • 32. Which lemur is known for having continuously growing, rodent-like front teeth?
A) The indri
B) The red-bellied lemur
C) The sportive lemur
D) The aye-aye
  • 33. What unique feature does the aye-aye use to extract food from tiny holes?
A) Toilet-claw
B) A highly mobile, filiform middle finger
C) A long tongue
D) Large ears
  • 34. Which lemur species has a specialized digestive system for folivory?
A) Hairy-eared dwarf lemurs
B) Indriids
C) Mouse lemurs
D) Sportive lemurs
  • 35. Which trait is common among lemurs but not found in New World monkeys?
A) Fully fused mandible bones
B) Prehensile tail
C) A laterally compressed, elongated nail called a toilet-claw on the second toe
D) Postorbital closure
  • 36. Which organ do lemurs use to detect pheromones?
A) The auditory canal
B) The rhinarium
C) The olfactory bulb
D) The vomeronasal organ
  • 37. What is the function of the hairy-eared dwarf lemur's long tongue?
A) Gnawing through wood
B) Detecting hollow spaces within trees
C) Extracting food from tiny holes
D) Feeding on nectar
  • 38. Which extinct lemur species rivaled the gorilla in size?
A) The indri
B) Archaeoindris fontoynonti
C) The diademed sifaka
D) The aye-aye
  • 39. Which century saw an explosion of new lemur descriptions and names?
A) 18th century
B) 20th century
C) 19th century
D) 17th century
  • 40. On which network did the children's television series Zoboomafoo air?
A) Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
B) Discovery Channel
C) National Geographic
D) Animal Planet
  • 41. Which lemur species is known to eat soil from termite mounds?
A) Coquerel's giant mouse lemurs
B) Sifakas
C) Golden bamboo lemurs
D) Ring-tailed lemurs
  • 42. Which type of plant material do lemurs rarely consume due to high tannin content?
A) Bamboo
B) Ferns
C) Grasses
D) Mangroves
  • 43. What type of locomotion was once exhibited by sloth lemurs such as Palaeopropithecus?
A) Fast arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
B) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
C) Vertical clinging and leaping
D) Highly terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion
  • 44. What type of communication is least used by lemurs due to their limited facial muscles?
A) Visual signals
B) Vocalizations
C) Tactile communication
D) Olfactory signals
  • 45. Which naturalist founded the Duke Lemur Center in 1966?
A) Alison Jolly
B) David Attenborough
C) John Buettner-Janusch
D) Elwyn L. Simons
  • 46. What is the term used in Malagasy culture for taboos related to lemurs?
A) Fady
B) Ancestor
C) Ambiroa
D) Babakoto
  • 47. Who introduced lemurs to the West with a commercial film in 1960?
A) John Buettner-Janusch
B) Jean-Jacques Petter
C) David Attenborough
D) Alison Jolly
  • 48. What type of communication involves reaching out and touching another individual as a submissive behavior?
A) Olfactory communication
B) Tactile communication
C) Visual communication
D) Vocal communication
  • 49. Which lemur species does not survive well in captivity, making them rare in zoos?
A) Mouse lemurs
B) Ring-tailed lemurs
C) Sikafas
D) Indris
  • 50. Which type of diet is least common among lemurs?
A) Omnivory (eating both plants and animals)
B) Granivory (seed predation)
C) Frugivory (fruit consumption)
D) Folivory (leaf eating)
  • 51. What is the term used for when one individual or group starts a loud call and others join in?
A) Alarm calling
B) Territorial marking
C) Mating calls
D) Contagious calling
  • 52. What type of locomotion is exhibited by the ring-tailed lemur?
A) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
B) Partially terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion
C) Slow arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
D) Vertical clinging and leaping
  • 53. What is the name of the locomotor behavior where lemurs leap rapidly from tree trunk to tree trunk?
A) Slow arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
B) Partially terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion
C) Ricochetal leaping
D) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
  • 54. Who was the first westerner known to describe a giant (now extinct) lemur?
A) James Petiver
B) Philibert Commerçon
C) Étienne de Flacourt
D) George Edwards
  • 55. What year marked the beginning of Jean-Jacques Petter and Arlette Petter-Rousseaux's survey of Madagascar's lemur species?
A) 1956
B) 1980
C) 1975
D) 1962
  • 56. What is the estimated percentage of lemur species that should be listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List?
A) 30%
B) 70%
C) 50%
D) 90%
  • 57. What is the gestation period range for most lemurs?
A) 6 months
B) 9 weeks
C) 18–24 weeks
D) 3 months
  • 58. Which type of mating system is indicated by males developing enlarged testes and sperm plugs in mouse lemurs?
A) Scramble competition polygyny
B) Monogamy
C) Pair bonding
D) Promiscuity
  • 59. Which type of lemur communication is particularly important for species that rarely encounter each other?
A) Olfaction
B) Vocalizations
C) Visual signals
D) Tactile communication
  • 60. What term was initially used to describe the activity of true lemurs?
A) Crepuscular
B) Diurnal
C) Cathemeral
D) Nocturnal
  • 61. What is the term for the two-horned uterus found in lemurs?
A) Monocorneate
B) Bicornuate
C) Multicornuate
D) Tricornuate
  • 62. What behavior is associated with female social dominance in lemurs?
A) Solitary foraging at night
B) Decreased grooming frequency
C) Male migration upon maturity
D) Increased maternal investment
  • 63. What type of locomotion is exhibited by Mesopropithecus?
A) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
B) Slow (loris-like) arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
C) Fast arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
D) Vertical clinging and leaping
  • 64. Who was responsible for standardizing the modern form of lemur taxonomic nomenclature in 1931?
A) Alphonse Milne-Edwards
B) Ernst Schwarz
C) John Edward Gray
D) Albert Günther
  • 65. What type of research involves studying lemurs in their natural habitats?
A) Ex situ research
B) Laboratory research
C) In-situ research
D) Genomic research
  • 66. What percentage of Madagascar's population lives in poverty?
A) Nearly 70%
B) 30%
C) 90%
D) 50%
  • 67. What is a characteristic feature of lemur enamel compared to anthropoid primates?
A) Thicker tooth enamel
B) Thinner tooth enamel
C) No enamel
D) Same thickness as anthropoids
  • 68. Which behavior is part of ritualized defense in sifakas?
A) Vocalizing during the day
B) Sharing nests with other females
C) Foraging alone at night
D) Scent-marking
  • 69. What is believed to happen if a pregnant woman eats a dwarf lemur?
A) The baby will have no eyes.
B) She will become ill.
C) Her baby will get its beautiful, round eyes.
D) The baby will be born with wings.
  • 70. Which facility is a free-range, private lemur exhibit southwest of Antananarivo?
A) Duke Lemur Center
B) Lemurs' Park
C) Myakka City Lemur Reserve
D) Parc Ivoloina
  • 71. What is one of the research topics studied at the Duke Lemur Center involving lemur cognition?
A) Transitive reasoning
B) Tool preference based on functional qualities
C) Diet and social behavior
D) Social groupings and reproduction
  • 72. How is the aye-aye generally viewed across Madagascar?
A) Almost universally unfavorably.
B) As a symbol of good luck.
C) As a beloved pet.
D) With indifference.
  • 73. Which anthropologist coined the term 'cathemeral'?
A) Dian Fossey
B) Jane Goodall
C) Charles Darwin
D) Ian Tattersall
  • 74. What is a characteristic of nocturnal lemurs' social behavior?
A) Migrating seasonally
B) Living in large, cohesive groups
C) Exhibiting pair bonds
D) Foraging alone at night but often nesting in groups during the day.
  • 75. Which organization lists lemurs on Appendix I, prohibiting trade except for scientific purposes?
A) IUCN
B) WWF
C) CITES
D) Conservation International
  • 76. How long can dwarf lemurs hibernate continuously?
A) Six to eight days
B) One month
C) Two weeks
D) Five months
  • 77. What aspect of lemur behavior is as variable as their morphology?
A) Diet.
B) Metabolic rate.
C) Habitat preference.
D) Behavior.
  • 78. What is the brain-to-body mass ratio of lemurs compared to other primates?
A) Variable
B) Small
C) Large
D) Average
  • 79. Which behavioral adaptation do lemurs use to reduce heat loss?
A) Increased nocturnal activity.
B) Reduced movement during the day.
C) Isolation from group members.
D) Sunning behaviors.
  • 80. Which predator is known to prey on smaller lemurs, usually 100 g or less?
A) Owls
B) Crocodiles
C) Fossa
D) Madagascar harrier-hawk
  • 81. Which hypothesis explains female dominance in lemurs by linking it to high reproductive costs?
A) The dominant view in the literature
B) A new hypothesis using simple game theory
C) Hypothesis explaining monomorphism
D) Hypothesis based on male aggression
  • 82. Which social organization pattern is most common among diurnal lemurs?
A) Fission-fusion
B) Solitary but social
C) Multi-male groups
D) Pair bonds
  • 83. How do male crowned lemurs act when females are aggressive?
A) Leave the group
B) Act submissively
C) Ignore the aggression
D) Become more aggressive
  • 84. What is a passive form of mate guarding used by male lemurs?
A) Territorial marking
B) Physical combat
C) Copulatory plugs
D) Vocal challenges
  • 85. Which extinct predator is known to have preyed on lemurs?
A) The golden bamboo lemur
B) The ring-tailed lemur
C) The giant Malagasy crowned eagle (Stephanoaetus mahery)
D) The Madagascar buzzard
  • 86. In which year did 'Lemur Kingdom' first air on Animal Planet?
A) 2008
B) 2005
C) 2006
D) 2010
  • 87. What dietary habit is linked to the low metabolic rate of the red-tailed sportive lemur?
A) Generally folivorous diet.
B) Insectivorous diet.
C) Carnivorous diet.
D) Frugivorous diet.
  • 88. Which activity pattern is unique to larger lemurs?
A) Hibernation
B) Diurnality
C) Cathemerality
D) Nocturnality
  • 89. Which French merchant is credited with describing and illustrating the mongoose lemur in London?
A) George Edwards
B) Étienne de Flacourt
C) Alfred Grandidier
D) James Petiver
  • 90. What is the primary purpose of allogrooming among higher ranking individuals?
A) Managing agonistic interactions
B) Attracting mates
C) Finding food sources
D) Avoiding predators
  • 91. What type of social system do ruffed lemurs exhibit?
A) Solitary but social
B) Pair bonds
C) Multi-male groups
D) Fission-fusion societies
  • 92. What percentage of lemur species were listed as critically endangered by the IUCN as of 2005?
A) 23%
B) 8%
C) 16%
D) 25%
  • 93. In which year did Étienne de Flacourt describe at least seven lemur species?
A) 1658
B) 1751
C) 1771
D) 1608
  • 94. What is female philopatry in the context of lemurs?
A) Males stay within their natal range while females migrate.
B) Neither sex migrates.
C) Both sexes migrate to new areas.
D) Females stay within their natal range while males migrate upon reaching maturity.
  • 95. Which lemur species is known for its 'dance-hop' movement when crossing large distances on the ground?
A) Ring-tailed lemur
B) Ruffed lemurs
C) Indriids
D) Verreaux's sifaka
  • 96. What is the estimated percentage of Madagascar's land area that is protected?
A) 30%
B) 10%
C) 3%
D) 20%
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