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Lemur - Test
Contributed by: Newman
  • 1. What type of animal is a Lemur?
A) Bird
B) Mammal
C) Primate
D) Reptile
  • 2. Where are lemurs native to?
A) Japan
B) Brazil
C) Australia
D) Madagascar
  • 3. What is the typical diet of a lemur?
A) Fruits and leaves
B) Seeds and nuts
C) Meat
D) Fish
  • 4. Which type of lemurs are known for their distinctive black and white tails?
A) Red Ruffed Lemurs
B) Indri Lemurs
C) Aye-aye Lemurs
D) Ring-tailed Lemurs
  • 5. Which is the largest living lemur species?
A) Ruffed Lemur
B) Indri
C) Aye-aye
D) Sifaka
  • 6. Lemurs are diurnal, meaning they are most active during?
A) Twilight
B) Dawn and Dusk
C) Daytime
D) Nighttime
  • 7. What is the main threat to lemurs in the wild?
A) Predators
B) Climate change
C) Habitat loss
D) Disease
  • 8. What is a group of lemurs called?
A) Troop
B) Flock
C) Herd
D) Pod
  • 9. What is the origin of the name 'lemur'?
A) From Latin 'lemures', meaning 'ghosts, spirits of the dead'
B) From Greek 'lemuros', meaning 'forest dweller'
C) Derived from Malagasy language, meaning 'tree climber'
D) Named after a famous explorer named Lemur
  • 10. What is a common trait of extinct 'giant lemurs'?
A) All giant lemurs lived in water.
B) They were larger than living lemur species, with some as large as gorillas.
C) Giant lemurs could fly.
D) Giant lemurs had no tails.
  • 11. What type of metabolic rate do lemurs have?
A) They have a relatively low basal metabolic rate.
B) Lemurs lack a basal metabolic rate.
C) Lemurs have a high basal metabolic rate.
D) Their metabolic rate is variable and unpredictable.
  • 12. What type of breeding do lemurs exhibit?
A) Breeding occurs year-round without any specific pattern.
B) Lemurs breed only once in their lifetime.
C) They exhibit seasonal breeding with female social dominance.
D) Males dominate during the breeding season.
  • 13. How many species of lemurs can coexist in the same forest?
A) All lemur species can coexist without conflict.
B) Only one species can live in a given forest.
C) Two species may coexist due to different diets.
D) No two species of lemurs can share the same habitat.
  • 14. Who is credited with giving lemurs their name?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Carl Linnaeus
D) Gregor Mendel
  • 15. What is the current name for Lemur volans?
A) Lemur catta
B) Cynocephalus volans
C) Daubentonia madagascariensis
D) Indri indri
  • 16. To which suborder do lemurs belong?
A) Haplorhini
B) Strepsirrhini
C) Tarsiiformes
D) Simiiformes
  • 17. From which early primates are modern strepsirrhines traditionally thought to have evolved?
A) Tarsiers
B) Simians
C) Lorisoids
D) Adapiforms
  • 18. What specialized arrangement of teeth do nearly all living strepsirrhines possess that adapiforms lack?
A) Canine tusks
B) Honing complex
C) Bilophodont molars
D) Toothcomb
  • 19. What is the name of the hypothesis that explains the colonization of Madagascar by lemurs through random rafting events?
A) Island hopping hypothesis
B) Sweepstakes hypothesis
C) Land bridge theory
D) Continental drift hypothesis
  • 20. What was the minimum width of the Mozambique Channel that ancestral lemurs had to cross?
A) 1000 km (620 mi)
B) 300 km (186 mi)
C) 560 km (350 mi)
D) 750 km (466 mi)
  • 21. Who first noted that the mammalian biodiversity on Madagascar could be accounted for by random rafting events?
A) Richard Owen
B) William Diller Matthew
C) Charles Darwin
D) George Gaylord Simpson
  • 22. What was the estimated duration of the rafting trip from Africa to Madagascar around 60 million years ago?
A) 100 days
B) 6 months
C) 1 year
D) 30 days or less
  • 23. By what time had the window for oceanic dispersal of lemurs to Madagascar closed?
A) 5 million years ago
B) 50 million years ago
C) 10 million years ago
D) 20 million years ago
  • 24. Which of the following traits is NOT mentioned as an adaptation to Madagascar's climate?
A) Nocturnal vision enhancement
B) Hypometabolism
C) Seasonal fat storage
D) Cathemerality
  • 25. What agricultural practice contributed to habitat destruction for lemurs?
A) Aquaculture
B) Shifting cultivation
C) Slash-and-burn agriculture (tavy)
D) Terrace farming
  • 26. How much of Madagascar's area do lemurs now inhabit?
A) 25%
B) 75%
C) ~10%
D) 50%
  • 27. Which lemur trait is associated with female social dominance?
A) Nocturnal activity
B) High encephalization
C) Sexual monomorphism
D) Large group sizes
  • 28. Which infraorder contains all living strepsirrhines in one taxonomy?
A) Lorisiformes
B) Chiromyiformes
C) Strepsirrhini
D) Lemuriformes
  • 29. Which genus was once debated as a primate, rodent, or marsupial?
A) Propithecus
B) Indri
C) Daubentonia
D) Lemur
  • 30. What is the relationship between sportive lemurs and koala lemurs according to genetic studies?
A) Not closely related
B) Identical
C) Closely related
D) Subspecies of each other
  • 31. What is the main reason for critics of increasing lemur species numbers?
A) Taxonomic inflation
B) Ecological stability
C) Genetic uniformity
D) Morphological similarity
  • 32. Which lemur is known for having continuously growing, rodent-like front teeth?
A) The red-bellied lemur
B) The aye-aye
C) The indri
D) The sportive lemur
  • 33. What unique feature does the aye-aye use to extract food from tiny holes?
A) Large ears
B) A highly mobile, filiform middle finger
C) A long tongue
D) Toilet-claw
  • 34. Which lemur species has a specialized digestive system for folivory?
A) Indriids
B) Mouse lemurs
C) Sportive lemurs
D) Hairy-eared dwarf lemurs
  • 35. Which trait is common among lemurs but not found in New World monkeys?
A) Prehensile tail
B) A laterally compressed, elongated nail called a toilet-claw on the second toe
C) Fully fused mandible bones
D) Postorbital closure
  • 36. Which organ do lemurs use to detect pheromones?
A) The rhinarium
B) The auditory canal
C) The olfactory bulb
D) The vomeronasal organ
  • 37. What is the function of the hairy-eared dwarf lemur's long tongue?
A) Gnawing through wood
B) Extracting food from tiny holes
C) Feeding on nectar
D) Detecting hollow spaces within trees
  • 38. Which extinct lemur species rivaled the gorilla in size?
A) The aye-aye
B) Archaeoindris fontoynonti
C) The diademed sifaka
D) The indri
  • 39. What is the term for the two-horned uterus found in lemurs?
A) Tricornuate
B) Multicornuate
C) Monocorneate
D) Bicornuate
  • 40. What is the brain-to-body mass ratio of lemurs compared to other primates?
A) Small
B) Variable
C) Average
D) Large
  • 41. What is a characteristic feature of lemur enamel compared to anthropoid primates?
A) Thicker tooth enamel
B) Same thickness as anthropoids
C) Thinner tooth enamel
D) No enamel
  • 42. What dietary habit is linked to the low metabolic rate of the red-tailed sportive lemur?
A) Carnivorous diet.
B) Frugivorous diet.
C) Insectivorous diet.
D) Generally folivorous diet.
  • 43. Which behavioral adaptation do lemurs use to reduce heat loss?
A) Sunning behaviors.
B) Increased nocturnal activity.
C) Reduced movement during the day.
D) Isolation from group members.
  • 44. What aspect of lemur behavior is as variable as their morphology?
A) Diet.
B) Habitat preference.
C) Behavior.
D) Metabolic rate.
  • 45. Which type of diet is least common among lemurs?
A) Granivory (seed predation)
B) Frugivory (fruit consumption)
C) Omnivory (eating both plants and animals)
D) Folivory (leaf eating)
  • 46. Which type of plant material do lemurs rarely consume due to high tannin content?
A) Bamboo
B) Mangroves
C) Grasses
D) Ferns
  • 47. Which lemur species is known to eat soil from termite mounds?
A) Ring-tailed lemurs
B) Coquerel's giant mouse lemurs
C) Golden bamboo lemurs
D) Sifakas
  • 48. Which social organization pattern is most common among diurnal lemurs?
A) Solitary but social
B) Multi-male groups
C) Fission-fusion
D) Pair bonds
  • 49. What type of social system do ruffed lemurs exhibit?
A) Solitary but social
B) Pair bonds
C) Fission-fusion societies
D) Multi-male groups
  • 50. What behavior is associated with female social dominance in lemurs?
A) Decreased grooming frequency
B) Increased maternal investment
C) Male migration upon maturity
D) Solitary foraging at night
  • 51. How do male crowned lemurs act when females are aggressive?
A) Act submissively
B) Leave the group
C) Become more aggressive
D) Ignore the aggression
  • 52. What is a passive form of mate guarding used by male lemurs?
A) Territorial marking
B) Vocal challenges
C) Physical combat
D) Copulatory plugs
  • 53. Which behavior is part of ritualized defense in sifakas?
A) Vocalizing during the day
B) Sharing nests with other females
C) Foraging alone at night
D) Scent-marking
  • 54. What is female philopatry in the context of lemurs?
A) Females stay within their natal range while males migrate upon reaching maturity.
B) Males stay within their natal range while females migrate.
C) Both sexes migrate to new areas.
D) Neither sex migrates.
  • 55. Which hypothesis explains female dominance in lemurs by linking it to high reproductive costs?
A) A new hypothesis using simple game theory
B) Hypothesis based on male aggression
C) Hypothesis explaining monomorphism
D) The dominant view in the literature
  • 56. What is a characteristic of nocturnal lemurs' social behavior?
A) Exhibiting pair bonds
B) Migrating seasonally
C) Living in large, cohesive groups
D) Foraging alone at night but often nesting in groups during the day.
  • 57. Which activity pattern is unique to larger lemurs?
A) Cathemerality
B) Nocturnality
C) Diurnality
D) Hibernation
  • 58. What term was initially used to describe the activity of true lemurs?
A) Diurnal
B) Cathemeral
C) Crepuscular
D) Nocturnal
  • 59. Which anthropologist coined the term 'cathemeral'?
A) Ian Tattersall
B) Dian Fossey
C) Charles Darwin
D) Jane Goodall
  • 60. How long can dwarf lemurs hibernate continuously?
A) Two weeks
B) Five months
C) Six to eight days
D) One month
  • 61. Which lemur species is known for its 'dance-hop' movement when crossing large distances on the ground?
A) Indriids
B) Verreaux's sifaka
C) Ring-tailed lemur
D) Ruffed lemurs
  • 62. What type of communication is least used by lemurs due to their limited facial muscles?
A) Visual signals
B) Tactile communication
C) Olfactory signals
D) Vocalizations
  • 63. What is the term used for when one individual or group starts a loud call and others join in?
A) Mating calls
B) Alarm calling
C) Territorial marking
D) Contagious calling
  • 64. What type of communication involves reaching out and touching another individual as a submissive behavior?
A) Visual communication
B) Tactile communication
C) Olfactory communication
D) Vocal communication
  • 65. What is the name of the locomotor behavior where lemurs leap rapidly from tree trunk to tree trunk?
A) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
B) Ricochetal leaping
C) Slow arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
D) Partially terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion
  • 66. Which type of lemur communication is particularly important for species that rarely encounter each other?
A) Olfaction
B) Tactile communication
C) Visual signals
D) Vocalizations
  • 67. What type of locomotion was once exhibited by sloth lemurs such as Palaeopropithecus?
A) Highly terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion
B) Fast arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
C) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
D) Vertical clinging and leaping
  • 68. What type of locomotion is exhibited by the ring-tailed lemur?
A) Vertical clinging and leaping
B) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
C) Slow arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
D) Partially terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion
  • 69. What is the primary purpose of allogrooming among higher ranking individuals?
A) Finding food sources
B) Attracting mates
C) Managing agonistic interactions
D) Avoiding predators
  • 70. What type of locomotion is exhibited by Mesopropithecus?
A) Vertical clinging and leaping
B) Fast arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
C) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
D) Slow (loris-like) arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
  • 71. Which type of mating system is indicated by males developing enlarged testes and sperm plugs in mouse lemurs?
A) Monogamy
B) Scramble competition polygyny
C) Pair bonding
D) Promiscuity
  • 72. What is the gestation period range for most lemurs?
A) 9 weeks
B) 3 months
C) 18–24 weeks
D) 6 months
  • 73. Which predator is known to prey on smaller lemurs, usually 100 g or less?
A) Crocodiles
B) Fossa
C) Madagascar harrier-hawk
D) Owls
  • 74. Which extinct predator is known to have preyed on lemurs?
A) The ring-tailed lemur
B) The Madagascar buzzard
C) The giant Malagasy crowned eagle (Stephanoaetus mahery)
D) The golden bamboo lemur
  • 75. Who was the first westerner known to describe a giant (now extinct) lemur?
A) James Petiver
B) Étienne de Flacourt
C) Philibert Commerçon
D) George Edwards
  • 76. In which year did Étienne de Flacourt describe at least seven lemur species?
A) 1771
B) 1658
C) 1608
D) 1751
  • 77. Which French merchant is credited with describing and illustrating the mongoose lemur in London?
A) Alfred Grandidier
B) James Petiver
C) Étienne de Flacourt
D) George Edwards
  • 78. Who was responsible for standardizing the modern form of lemur taxonomic nomenclature in 1931?
A) John Edward Gray
B) Alphonse Milne-Edwards
C) Albert Günther
D) Ernst Schwarz
  • 79. What year marked the beginning of Jean-Jacques Petter and Arlette Petter-Rousseaux's survey of Madagascar's lemur species?
A) 1980
B) 1975
C) 1956
D) 1962
  • 80. Which naturalist founded the Duke Lemur Center in 1966?
A) Alison Jolly
B) David Attenborough
C) John Buettner-Janusch
D) Elwyn L. Simons
  • 81. Who introduced lemurs to the West with a commercial film in 1960?
A) Alison Jolly
B) Jean-Jacques Petter
C) David Attenborough
D) John Buettner-Janusch
  • 82. What type of research involves studying lemurs in their natural habitats?
A) Laboratory research
B) Ex situ research
C) In-situ research
D) Genomic research
  • 83. What is one of the research topics studied at the Duke Lemur Center involving lemur cognition?
A) Diet and social behavior
B) Transitive reasoning
C) Tool preference based on functional qualities
D) Social groupings and reproduction
  • 84. Which century saw an explosion of new lemur descriptions and names?
A) 18th century
B) 19th century
C) 20th century
D) 17th century
  • 85. What percentage of lemur species were listed as critically endangered by the IUCN as of 2005?
A) 23%
B) 8%
C) 16%
D) 25%
  • 86. Which organization lists lemurs on Appendix I, prohibiting trade except for scientific purposes?
A) CITES
B) Conservation International
C) WWF
D) IUCN
  • 87. What percentage of Madagascar's population lives in poverty?
A) 90%
B) 30%
C) Nearly 70%
D) 50%
  • 88. What is the estimated percentage of lemur species that should be listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List?
A) 90%
B) 30%
C) 70%
D) 50%
  • 89. What is the estimated percentage of Madagascar's land area that is protected?
A) 10%
B) 3%
C) 30%
D) 20%
  • 90. Which lemur species does not survive well in captivity, making them rare in zoos?
A) Ring-tailed lemurs
B) Indris
C) Sikafas
D) Mouse lemurs
  • 91. Which facility is a free-range, private lemur exhibit southwest of Antananarivo?
A) Myakka City Lemur Reserve
B) Parc Ivoloina
C) Lemurs' Park
D) Duke Lemur Center
  • 92. What is the term used in Malagasy culture for taboos related to lemurs?
A) Ancestor
B) Babakoto
C) Fady
D) Ambiroa
  • 93. How is the aye-aye generally viewed across Madagascar?
A) As a beloved pet.
B) With indifference.
C) As a symbol of good luck.
D) Almost universally unfavorably.
  • 94. What is believed to happen if a pregnant woman eats a dwarf lemur?
A) The baby will have no eyes.
B) Her baby will get its beautiful, round eyes.
C) The baby will be born with wings.
D) She will become ill.
  • 95. On which network did the children's television series Zoboomafoo air?
A) National Geographic
B) Discovery Channel
C) Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
D) Animal Planet
  • 96. In which year did 'Lemur Kingdom' first air on Animal Planet?
A) 2008
B) 2006
C) 2005
D) 2010
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