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Lemur - Test
Contributed by: Newman
  • 1. What type of animal is a Lemur?
A) Reptile
B) Primate
C) Bird
D) Mammal
  • 2. Where are lemurs native to?
A) Japan
B) Madagascar
C) Brazil
D) Australia
  • 3. What is the typical diet of a lemur?
A) Meat
B) Fish
C) Seeds and nuts
D) Fruits and leaves
  • 4. Which type of lemurs are known for their distinctive black and white tails?
A) Ring-tailed Lemurs
B) Indri Lemurs
C) Red Ruffed Lemurs
D) Aye-aye Lemurs
  • 5. Which is the largest living lemur species?
A) Ruffed Lemur
B) Sifaka
C) Indri
D) Aye-aye
  • 6. Lemurs are diurnal, meaning they are most active during?
A) Daytime
B) Nighttime
C) Twilight
D) Dawn and Dusk
  • 7. What is the main threat to lemurs in the wild?
A) Disease
B) Predators
C) Climate change
D) Habitat loss
  • 8. What is a group of lemurs called?
A) Pod
B) Flock
C) Troop
D) Herd
  • 9. What is the origin of the name 'lemur'?
A) From Latin 'lemures', meaning 'ghosts, spirits of the dead'
B) From Greek 'lemuros', meaning 'forest dweller'
C) Derived from Malagasy language, meaning 'tree climber'
D) Named after a famous explorer named Lemur
  • 10. What is a common trait of extinct 'giant lemurs'?
A) All giant lemurs lived in water.
B) Giant lemurs had no tails.
C) They were larger than living lemur species, with some as large as gorillas.
D) Giant lemurs could fly.
  • 11. What type of metabolic rate do lemurs have?
A) Their metabolic rate is variable and unpredictable.
B) Lemurs have a high basal metabolic rate.
C) Lemurs lack a basal metabolic rate.
D) They have a relatively low basal metabolic rate.
  • 12. What type of breeding do lemurs exhibit?
A) Breeding occurs year-round without any specific pattern.
B) Lemurs breed only once in their lifetime.
C) They exhibit seasonal breeding with female social dominance.
D) Males dominate during the breeding season.
  • 13. How many species of lemurs can coexist in the same forest?
A) All lemur species can coexist without conflict.
B) No two species of lemurs can share the same habitat.
C) Only one species can live in a given forest.
D) Two species may coexist due to different diets.
  • 14. Who is credited with giving lemurs their name?
A) Charles Darwin
B) Gregor Mendel
C) Carl Linnaeus
D) Louis Pasteur
  • 15. What is the current name for Lemur volans?
A) Daubentonia madagascariensis
B) Lemur catta
C) Cynocephalus volans
D) Indri indri
  • 16. To which suborder do lemurs belong?
A) Tarsiiformes
B) Strepsirrhini
C) Simiiformes
D) Haplorhini
  • 17. From which early primates are modern strepsirrhines traditionally thought to have evolved?
A) Tarsiers
B) Adapiforms
C) Simians
D) Lorisoids
  • 18. What specialized arrangement of teeth do nearly all living strepsirrhines possess that adapiforms lack?
A) Toothcomb
B) Bilophodont molars
C) Canine tusks
D) Honing complex
  • 19. What is the name of the hypothesis that explains the colonization of Madagascar by lemurs through random rafting events?
A) Island hopping hypothesis
B) Continental drift hypothesis
C) Land bridge theory
D) Sweepstakes hypothesis
  • 20. What was the minimum width of the Mozambique Channel that ancestral lemurs had to cross?
A) 1000 km (620 mi)
B) 300 km (186 mi)
C) 560 km (350 mi)
D) 750 km (466 mi)
  • 21. Who first noted that the mammalian biodiversity on Madagascar could be accounted for by random rafting events?
A) William Diller Matthew
B) George Gaylord Simpson
C) Richard Owen
D) Charles Darwin
  • 22. What was the estimated duration of the rafting trip from Africa to Madagascar around 60 million years ago?
A) 1 year
B) 100 days
C) 6 months
D) 30 days or less
  • 23. By what time had the window for oceanic dispersal of lemurs to Madagascar closed?
A) 10 million years ago
B) 5 million years ago
C) 20 million years ago
D) 50 million years ago
  • 24. Which of the following traits is NOT mentioned as an adaptation to Madagascar's climate?
A) Seasonal fat storage
B) Cathemerality
C) Nocturnal vision enhancement
D) Hypometabolism
  • 25. What agricultural practice contributed to habitat destruction for lemurs?
A) Terrace farming
B) Aquaculture
C) Shifting cultivation
D) Slash-and-burn agriculture (tavy)
  • 26. How much of Madagascar's area do lemurs now inhabit?
A) ~10%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 25%
  • 27. Which lemur trait is associated with female social dominance?
A) Large group sizes
B) High encephalization
C) Sexual monomorphism
D) Nocturnal activity
  • 28. Which infraorder contains all living strepsirrhines in one taxonomy?
A) Strepsirrhini
B) Lemuriformes
C) Lorisiformes
D) Chiromyiformes
  • 29. Which genus was once debated as a primate, rodent, or marsupial?
A) Propithecus
B) Lemur
C) Daubentonia
D) Indri
  • 30. What is the relationship between sportive lemurs and koala lemurs according to genetic studies?
A) Not closely related
B) Identical
C) Subspecies of each other
D) Closely related
  • 31. What is the main reason for critics of increasing lemur species numbers?
A) Genetic uniformity
B) Taxonomic inflation
C) Ecological stability
D) Morphological similarity
  • 32. Which lemur is known for having continuously growing, rodent-like front teeth?
A) The red-bellied lemur
B) The sportive lemur
C) The aye-aye
D) The indri
  • 33. What unique feature does the aye-aye use to extract food from tiny holes?
A) Toilet-claw
B) A long tongue
C) Large ears
D) A highly mobile, filiform middle finger
  • 34. Which lemur species has a specialized digestive system for folivory?
A) Mouse lemurs
B) Hairy-eared dwarf lemurs
C) Indriids
D) Sportive lemurs
  • 35. Which trait is common among lemurs but not found in New World monkeys?
A) Prehensile tail
B) A laterally compressed, elongated nail called a toilet-claw on the second toe
C) Fully fused mandible bones
D) Postorbital closure
  • 36. Which organ do lemurs use to detect pheromones?
A) The rhinarium
B) The auditory canal
C) The olfactory bulb
D) The vomeronasal organ
  • 37. What is the function of the hairy-eared dwarf lemur's long tongue?
A) Feeding on nectar
B) Gnawing through wood
C) Extracting food from tiny holes
D) Detecting hollow spaces within trees
  • 38. Which extinct lemur species rivaled the gorilla in size?
A) The diademed sifaka
B) Archaeoindris fontoynonti
C) The aye-aye
D) The indri
  • 39. Which century saw an explosion of new lemur descriptions and names?
A) 20th century
B) 17th century
C) 18th century
D) 19th century
  • 40. On which network did the children's television series Zoboomafoo air?
A) Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
B) Animal Planet
C) Discovery Channel
D) National Geographic
  • 41. Which lemur species is known to eat soil from termite mounds?
A) Coquerel's giant mouse lemurs
B) Ring-tailed lemurs
C) Sifakas
D) Golden bamboo lemurs
  • 42. Which type of plant material do lemurs rarely consume due to high tannin content?
A) Bamboo
B) Ferns
C) Grasses
D) Mangroves
  • 43. What type of locomotion was once exhibited by sloth lemurs such as Palaeopropithecus?
A) Highly terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion
B) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
C) Vertical clinging and leaping
D) Fast arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
  • 44. What type of communication is least used by lemurs due to their limited facial muscles?
A) Visual signals
B) Vocalizations
C) Olfactory signals
D) Tactile communication
  • 45. Which naturalist founded the Duke Lemur Center in 1966?
A) Alison Jolly
B) David Attenborough
C) John Buettner-Janusch
D) Elwyn L. Simons
  • 46. What is the term used in Malagasy culture for taboos related to lemurs?
A) Fady
B) Ambiroa
C) Babakoto
D) Ancestor
  • 47. Who introduced lemurs to the West with a commercial film in 1960?
A) John Buettner-Janusch
B) Jean-Jacques Petter
C) Alison Jolly
D) David Attenborough
  • 48. What type of communication involves reaching out and touching another individual as a submissive behavior?
A) Vocal communication
B) Visual communication
C) Olfactory communication
D) Tactile communication
  • 49. Which lemur species does not survive well in captivity, making them rare in zoos?
A) Ring-tailed lemurs
B) Mouse lemurs
C) Indris
D) Sikafas
  • 50. Which type of diet is least common among lemurs?
A) Granivory (seed predation)
B) Folivory (leaf eating)
C) Frugivory (fruit consumption)
D) Omnivory (eating both plants and animals)
  • 51. What is the term used for when one individual or group starts a loud call and others join in?
A) Contagious calling
B) Mating calls
C) Alarm calling
D) Territorial marking
  • 52. What type of locomotion is exhibited by the ring-tailed lemur?
A) Vertical clinging and leaping
B) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
C) Partially terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion
D) Slow arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
  • 53. What is the name of the locomotor behavior where lemurs leap rapidly from tree trunk to tree trunk?
A) Slow arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
B) Partially terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion
C) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
D) Ricochetal leaping
  • 54. Who was the first westerner known to describe a giant (now extinct) lemur?
A) George Edwards
B) James Petiver
C) Philibert Commerçon
D) Étienne de Flacourt
  • 55. What year marked the beginning of Jean-Jacques Petter and Arlette Petter-Rousseaux's survey of Madagascar's lemur species?
A) 1962
B) 1975
C) 1980
D) 1956
  • 56. What is the estimated percentage of lemur species that should be listed as threatened on the IUCN Red List?
A) 70%
B) 30%
C) 90%
D) 50%
  • 57. What is the gestation period range for most lemurs?
A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 9 weeks
D) 18–24 weeks
  • 58. Which type of mating system is indicated by males developing enlarged testes and sperm plugs in mouse lemurs?
A) Scramble competition polygyny
B) Monogamy
C) Pair bonding
D) Promiscuity
  • 59. Which type of lemur communication is particularly important for species that rarely encounter each other?
A) Visual signals
B) Olfaction
C) Tactile communication
D) Vocalizations
  • 60. What term was initially used to describe the activity of true lemurs?
A) Cathemeral
B) Crepuscular
C) Diurnal
D) Nocturnal
  • 61. What is the term for the two-horned uterus found in lemurs?
A) Tricornuate
B) Multicornuate
C) Bicornuate
D) Monocorneate
  • 62. What behavior is associated with female social dominance in lemurs?
A) Decreased grooming frequency
B) Increased maternal investment
C) Solitary foraging at night
D) Male migration upon maturity
  • 63. What type of locomotion is exhibited by Mesopropithecus?
A) Vertical clinging and leaping
B) Sloth-like suspensory locomotion
C) Slow (loris-like) arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
D) Fast arboreal quadrupedal locomotion
  • 64. Who was responsible for standardizing the modern form of lemur taxonomic nomenclature in 1931?
A) Albert Günther
B) Alphonse Milne-Edwards
C) John Edward Gray
D) Ernst Schwarz
  • 65. What type of research involves studying lemurs in their natural habitats?
A) Ex situ research
B) Laboratory research
C) In-situ research
D) Genomic research
  • 66. What percentage of Madagascar's population lives in poverty?
A) 90%
B) 50%
C) Nearly 70%
D) 30%
  • 67. What is a characteristic feature of lemur enamel compared to anthropoid primates?
A) Thicker tooth enamel
B) Thinner tooth enamel
C) No enamel
D) Same thickness as anthropoids
  • 68. Which behavior is part of ritualized defense in sifakas?
A) Foraging alone at night
B) Vocalizing during the day
C) Sharing nests with other females
D) Scent-marking
  • 69. What is believed to happen if a pregnant woman eats a dwarf lemur?
A) The baby will be born with wings.
B) Her baby will get its beautiful, round eyes.
C) The baby will have no eyes.
D) She will become ill.
  • 70. Which facility is a free-range, private lemur exhibit southwest of Antananarivo?
A) Duke Lemur Center
B) Lemurs' Park
C) Parc Ivoloina
D) Myakka City Lemur Reserve
  • 71. What is one of the research topics studied at the Duke Lemur Center involving lemur cognition?
A) Diet and social behavior
B) Tool preference based on functional qualities
C) Social groupings and reproduction
D) Transitive reasoning
  • 72. How is the aye-aye generally viewed across Madagascar?
A) With indifference.
B) As a symbol of good luck.
C) Almost universally unfavorably.
D) As a beloved pet.
  • 73. Which anthropologist coined the term 'cathemeral'?
A) Ian Tattersall
B) Dian Fossey
C) Charles Darwin
D) Jane Goodall
  • 74. What is a characteristic of nocturnal lemurs' social behavior?
A) Migrating seasonally
B) Exhibiting pair bonds
C) Living in large, cohesive groups
D) Foraging alone at night but often nesting in groups during the day.
  • 75. Which organization lists lemurs on Appendix I, prohibiting trade except for scientific purposes?
A) WWF
B) CITES
C) Conservation International
D) IUCN
  • 76. How long can dwarf lemurs hibernate continuously?
A) One month
B) Five months
C) Six to eight days
D) Two weeks
  • 77. What aspect of lemur behavior is as variable as their morphology?
A) Habitat preference.
B) Behavior.
C) Diet.
D) Metabolic rate.
  • 78. What is the brain-to-body mass ratio of lemurs compared to other primates?
A) Large
B) Small
C) Variable
D) Average
  • 79. Which behavioral adaptation do lemurs use to reduce heat loss?
A) Isolation from group members.
B) Increased nocturnal activity.
C) Reduced movement during the day.
D) Sunning behaviors.
  • 80. Which predator is known to prey on smaller lemurs, usually 100 g or less?
A) Owls
B) Madagascar harrier-hawk
C) Crocodiles
D) Fossa
  • 81. Which hypothesis explains female dominance in lemurs by linking it to high reproductive costs?
A) The dominant view in the literature
B) Hypothesis based on male aggression
C) A new hypothesis using simple game theory
D) Hypothesis explaining monomorphism
  • 82. Which social organization pattern is most common among diurnal lemurs?
A) Multi-male groups
B) Solitary but social
C) Fission-fusion
D) Pair bonds
  • 83. How do male crowned lemurs act when females are aggressive?
A) Ignore the aggression
B) Leave the group
C) Act submissively
D) Become more aggressive
  • 84. What is a passive form of mate guarding used by male lemurs?
A) Physical combat
B) Territorial marking
C) Vocal challenges
D) Copulatory plugs
  • 85. Which extinct predator is known to have preyed on lemurs?
A) The Madagascar buzzard
B) The giant Malagasy crowned eagle (Stephanoaetus mahery)
C) The golden bamboo lemur
D) The ring-tailed lemur
  • 86. In which year did 'Lemur Kingdom' first air on Animal Planet?
A) 2010
B) 2008
C) 2006
D) 2005
  • 87. What dietary habit is linked to the low metabolic rate of the red-tailed sportive lemur?
A) Frugivorous diet.
B) Generally folivorous diet.
C) Insectivorous diet.
D) Carnivorous diet.
  • 88. Which activity pattern is unique to larger lemurs?
A) Hibernation
B) Cathemerality
C) Diurnality
D) Nocturnality
  • 89. Which French merchant is credited with describing and illustrating the mongoose lemur in London?
A) James Petiver
B) George Edwards
C) Alfred Grandidier
D) Étienne de Flacourt
  • 90. What is the primary purpose of allogrooming among higher ranking individuals?
A) Managing agonistic interactions
B) Attracting mates
C) Finding food sources
D) Avoiding predators
  • 91. What type of social system do ruffed lemurs exhibit?
A) Fission-fusion societies
B) Solitary but social
C) Pair bonds
D) Multi-male groups
  • 92. What percentage of lemur species were listed as critically endangered by the IUCN as of 2005?
A) 8%
B) 16%
C) 25%
D) 23%
  • 93. In which year did Étienne de Flacourt describe at least seven lemur species?
A) 1608
B) 1771
C) 1658
D) 1751
  • 94. What is female philopatry in the context of lemurs?
A) Females stay within their natal range while males migrate upon reaching maturity.
B) Neither sex migrates.
C) Males stay within their natal range while females migrate.
D) Both sexes migrate to new areas.
  • 95. Which lemur species is known for its 'dance-hop' movement when crossing large distances on the ground?
A) Verreaux's sifaka
B) Ruffed lemurs
C) Indriids
D) Ring-tailed lemur
  • 96. What is the estimated percentage of Madagascar's land area that is protected?
A) 3%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%
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