A) Chemical reactions within the lattice B) A sea of dissociable electrons C) A positive ionic lattice D) The movement of protons
A) Centimetres per year B) Metres per second C) Kilometres per second D) Metres per hour
A) High velocity of electrons B) Propagation of an electromagnetic field C) Mechanical momentum transfer D) Direct physical contact between electrons
A) Gas molecules B) Static charges C) Particles D) Waves
A) High voltage potential B) The lack of electrons C) The absence of a lattice D) Interference of electron waves
A) Increases lattice vibrations B) Decreases lattice vibrations C) Increases electron drift velocity D) Removes the ionic lattice
A) Impurities decrease the number of electrons B) Impurities stop the electromagnetic field C) Impurity ions block electrons physically D) Different ions act as irregularities
A) It decreases slightly B) It increases significantly C) It becomes zero D) It stays exactly the same
A) Absolute zero vibrations B) Short range order C) No crystalline structure D) Long range crystalline order
A) A negative ionic lattice B) A non-conductive lattice C) An electron-only lattice D) A positive ionic lattice
A) Significantly larger B) Exactly the same C) Variable but usually higher D) Significantly smaller
A) The cooling of the metal B) The change in electron mass C) An applied electric field D) The decrease in lattice purity
A) Due to the sheer number of moving electrons B) Due to the electromagnetic field speed C) Due to the high mass of the electrons D) Due to the lack of resistance in the wire
A) The increase in crystal lattice symmetry B) The total absence of electron movement C) Strong correlation between ion positions D) The rapid loss of short range order
A) Ohm's law. B) Pauli exclusion principle. C) Fermi-Dirac statistics. D) Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
A) Band gap. B) Valence level. C) Conduction threshold. D) Fermi level.
A) They are not bound by the Pauli exclusion principle. B) They can easily jump among partially occupied states. C) They have zero mass. D) They have higher energy than the nucleus.
A) They contain the Fermi level. B) They are completely empty. C) They are completely filled. D) They are always forbidden.
A) Within a partially filled band. B) At the highest possible energy level. C) At the very bottom of the lowest band. D) Within a band gap.
A) The electrons are too heavy to move. B) The Fermi level is too high. C) There are no available states near the Fermi level. D) The material has no electron bands.
A) Copper B) Gold C) Silver D) Rubber
A) Amorphous B) Anisotropic C) Homogeneous D) Isotropic
A) A vector B) A scalar field C) A scalar D) A rank-2 tensor
A) Total lack of current flow B) Rotational invariance about the z-axis C) Perfectly parallel alignment of all fields D) Absence of magnetic fields
A) A component index B) The material density C) The imaginary unit D) The current constant
A) Wood B) Glass C) Copper D) Rubber
A) ohms B) ohm-metre (Ω⋅m) C) siemens D) siemens per metre (S/m)
A) ρ (rho) B) κ (kappa) C) σ (sigma) D) γ (gamma)
A) Coulomb's law B) Pouillet's law C) Ohm's law D) Faraday's law
A) Inversely proportional B) Exponentially proportional C) It has no effect D) Directly proportional
A) σ, κ, or γ B) Ω, S, or A C) n, p, or q D) ρ, R, or C
A) Zero B) Moderate C) Infinite D) Very low
A) Increase majority charge carrier concentration B) Decrease the band gap width C) Eliminate all holes D) Increase the resistance
A) Does not affect resistance B) Reduces resistance C) Makes resistance infinite D) Increases resistance
A) Conduction band electrons only B) Thermally generated carriers C) Dopant atoms D) Metal impurities
A) Molten salts B) Distilled water C) Solid polymers D) Metallic copper
A) Dissociation coefficient B) Mobility of ions C) Critical temperature D) Module of ion charge
A) Magnetic vortices B) High-temperature superconductivity C) Impurities and defects D) Ion dissociation
A) Variable based on voltage B) Truly zero C) Extremely low but nonzero D) Moderate
A) The purer the water, the lower the conductivity B) Purity has no effect on conductivity C) Purity increases the resistivity of water D) The purer the water, the higher the conductivity
A) Semiconductors B) Electrical insulators C) Very poor conductors D) Very good conductors
A) The presence of glass B) High resistivity C) Lack of charge carriers D) Good electrical conductivity
A) 25 °C B) 100 °C C) 0 °C D) 20 °C
A) Silver B) Copper C) Gold D) Aluminum
A) The age of the tree B) Moisture content C) The type of wood species D) The length of the wood
A) At least 102 B) At least 1010 C) At least 105 D) At least 1020
A) Increased resistance B) Insulation breakdown C) Immediate combustion D) Molecular hardening
A) When measuring superconductors B) When temperature varies over a large range C) When temperature does not vary too much D) When absolute zero is reached
A) Ohm's law B) Debye law C) Matthiessen's rule D) Bloch–Grüneisen formula
A) T B) A C) x D) n
A) Phonon coupling B) Fermi surface inversion C) Superconductivity D) Defect scattering
A) Felix Bloch B) Eduard Grüneisen C) Augustus Matthiessen D) Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
A) Kondo insulator model B) Steinhart–Hart linear model C) Wiedemann–Franz law D) Arrhenius model
A) Defining the Boltzmann constant B) Measuring quantum tunneling rates C) Calibrating thermistors D) Calculating residual resistivity
A) The temperature scale constant B) The total number of localized sites C) A value depending on system dimensionality D) The electron charge
A) bT5 B) aT2 C) ρ0 D) cmln(μT)
A) Boltzmann constant B) Thermal conductivity C) Electron charge D) Electric conductivity
A) Impedivity B) Reactivity C) Permittivity D) Admittivity
A) Conductivity B) Reactivity C) Susceptivity D) Resistivity
A) Permittivity B) Reactance C) Admittivity D) Impedivity
A) Resistivity B) Impedance C) Susceptivity D) Reactivity
A) Simple algebraic formulas B) Linear regression C) Ohm's Law only D) Finite element analysis
A) I = V / R B) E = I * R C) J(r) = sigma(r)E(r) D) R = rho * l / A
A) The continuity equation B) The simple resistivity formula C) The power dissipation formula D) The Kirchhoff current law
A) Impedivity B) Reactivity C) Permittivity D) Susceptivity
A) Boiled mercury in a Torricellian tube B) Mechanical air pumps C) Cooling gases to near absolute zero D) Chemical oxygen removal
A) 1900 B) 1825 C) 1827 D) 1774
A) 1827 B) 1774 C) 1900 D) 1825
A) Total cost of material B) Resistivity-density product C) Absolute resistivity D) Melting point of the conductor |