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Indigenous architecture - Quiz
Contributed by: Warner
  • 1. How does Rau Hoskins define Māori architecture?
A) Only buildings constructed with natural materials
B) Anything involving a Māori client with a Māori focus
C) Architectural designs created only by Māori architects
D) Strictly as traditional meeting houses and shrines
  • 2. According to the text, what is the key to how Māori architecture manifests?
A) The kaupapa and client's aspirations
B) The use of specific traditional carvings
C) The architectural budget and timeline
D) The size of the land available
  • 3. When did marae complexes begin being built in urban areas?
A) Only within the last decade
B) During the 1920s
C) From the 1960s
D) Since the 1980s
  • 4. What does the term 'wāhi tapu' mean in relation to a marae?
A) Sacred place
B) Meeting ground
C) Sleeping quarters
D) Shared kitchen
  • 5. Which of the following is identified as a type of building found in a contemporary marae?
A) Retail shopping centre
B) Sports stadium
C) Private hotel
D) Whare ora (health centre)
  • 6. What is the typical layout of a meeting house according to the text?
A) One large space with a porch and one door and window in front
B) Multiple small rooms surrounding a central courtyard
C) A circular building with multiple entrances
D) An open-air pavilion with no walls
  • 7. Where did the construction of marae expand to in the 1980s?
A) International airports and government embassies
B) Private suburban homes and apartment complexes
C) Public parks and industrial warehouses
D) Prisons, schools and universities
  • 8. Which building is listed as a notable project in the provided text?
A) Futuna Chapel
B) Te Papa Museum
C) Sky Tower
D) Auckland War Memorial Museum
  • 9. What is the function of a marae in a contemporary context?
A) Providing permanent housing for the general public
B) Exclusively for government council meetings
C) Serving as a commercial marketplace
D) Hosting events like weddings and funerals
  • 10. What are 'papa kāinga' as described in the text?
A) Educational research centres
B) Domestic Māori villages
C) Traditional fishing ports
D) Religious temples
  • 11. What is a primary characteristic of Indigenous housing in many parts of Australia?
A) Strict adherence to building codes
B) Abundance of modern apartments
C) Uniform architectural styles
D) Acute shortage of dwellings
  • 12. What is a major reason for the difficulty in limiting overcrowding in Indigenous housing?
A) Resistance from Indigenous communities
B) Lack of building materials
C) Excessive land availability
D) Rapid population growth
  • 13. What does the cultural design model aim to incorporate into housing?
A) Western industrial standards
B) Indigenous Australian cultural norms
C) Governmental administrative preferences
D) Global architectural trends
  • 14. According to Western academics, why have many Indigenous Australian housing projects failed?
A) Lack of political will to build
B) High costs of specialized labor
C) Failure to recognize diverse cultural housing needs
D) Use of environmentally friendly materials
  • 15. What is one consequence of inappropriate housing and town planning mentioned by Ross?
A) Disruption of social organization
B) Improvement of infrastructure
C) Easier maintenance of households
D) Reduction of construction costs
  • 16. Which of these is a cultural factor mentioned as relevant to housing design?
A) Avoidance behaviours
B) Internet connectivity
C) Parking space requirements
D) Personal storage capacity
  • 17. How should each Indigenous housing design project be approached, according to the literature?
A) Using standardized blueprints
B) Independently
C) Through a singular national design
D) By copying urban city models
  • 18. How many 'healthy housing principles' are there in the 'Housing for Health' methodology?
A) Twelve
B) Nine
C) Seven
D) Ten
  • 19. Which of the following is identified as a 'healthy housing principle'?
A) Ability to wash people
B) Large garden spaces
C) Installation of high-speed internet
D) Provision of luxury appliances
  • 20. What does the cultural model consider in relation to housing?
A) Domiciliary behaviours
B) Market resale value
C) Investment potential
D) Construction speed
  • 21. What can happen if adjusting to a house strains relationships among residents?
A) Severe stress on the occupants
B) Better financial management
C) Increased housing longevity
D) Improved family bonding
  • 22. Which of the following is a healthy housing principle related to pests?
A) Increasing the number of windows
B) Painting exterior walls
C) Eradicating all natural wildlife
D) Reducing impact of pests or vermin
  • 23. What does Indigenous architecture typically encompass?
A) European colonial designs
B) Only historical ruins
C) Culture-specific architecture
D) Standardized global housing
  • 24. What is one of the terms used by Indigenous Australians for their structures?
A) Igloo
B) Teepee
C) Yurt
D) Wiltja
  • 25. Which materials were used for the stone-based homes of the Gunditjmara peoples?
A) Steel beams
B) Brick and mortar
C) Basalt rocks
D) Concrete slabs
  • 26. What shape were the stone shelters found in the Warringah area?
A) Elongated egg shape
B) Perfectly square
C) Flat rectangle
D) Tall pyramid
  • 27. What material was used for the framework of dome shelters in the rainforests?
A) Cane
B) Plastic piping
C) Iron bars
D) Bamboo
  • 28. What type of cladding was used for the stone-based dome homes at Bessibelle?
A) Sod cladding
B) Animal fur
C) Wood paneling
D) Synthetic shingles
  • 29. When were the terms 'Indigenous Design and Architecture' coined?
A) Late 1980s
B) Late 1990s
C) Mid 1970s
D) Early 2000s
  • 30. Where is the Marika Alderton House located?
A) Halls Gap, Victoria
B) Yirrkala, Northern Territory
C) Redfern, Sydney
D) Perth, Western Australia
  • 31. What is the Brambuk Cultural Centre's location?
A) Halls Gap, Victoria
B) Bathurst, New South Wales
C) Tennant Creek, Northern Territory
D) Derby, Western Australia
  • 32. Which of these is explicitly listed as a notable project in the text?
A) West Kimberley Regional Prison
B) Sydney Opera House
C) The National Gallery of Australia
D) Parliament House
  • 33. What is the Kurongkurl Katitjin Centre associated with?
A) Edith Cowan University
B) University of Sydney
C) University of Melbourne
D) University of Newcastle
  • 34. What is the primary term for the design methodology that focuses on the Indigenous experience of Country?
A) Modernist urban design
B) Country-centred design
C) Colonial design
D) Universal design
  • 35. Which of these individuals is identified as a prominent Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander practitioner?
A) Elizabeth Grant
B) Timothy O'Rourke
C) Paul Pholeros
D) Sarah Lynn Rees
  • 36. What is the standard housing form of the Iroquois society?
A) Tipi
B) Pit house
C) Igloo
D) Longhouse
  • 37. What are the remains of pit houses in British Columbia known as?
A) Wickiup ruins
B) Igloo foundations
C) Longhouse pits
D) Quiggly holes
  • 38. What primary material did the Haida use for their large square houses?
A) Animal hides
B) Whale bones
C) Red cedar planks
D) Snow blocks
  • 39. What decorative element was often placed at the front of a Haida six beam house?
A) A totem pole made of ice
B) A heraldric pole
C) A garden arch
D) A stone statue
  • 40. What material did the Thule use to build house frames due to a lack of wood?
A) Saplings
B) Whale bones
C) Red cedar
D) Bison hides
  • 41. Which of these is a prominent researcher of Indigenous architecture?
A) Craig Kerslake
B) Paul Memmott
C) Rueben Berg
D) Linda Kennedy
  • 42. Which cultural region is associated with the development of the igloo?
A) The far north
B) The Canadian Prairies
C) The Interior of British Columbia
D) Southern Ontario
  • 43. What unintended consequence resulted from the drop in infant mortality during the 1950s and 1960s?
A) Increased migration to rural areas
B) Exacerbated overcrowding
C) A decline in farming
D) A shortage of food supplies
  • 44. Who was the first First Nations woman to become a Canadian architect?
A) Ryan Walker
B) Patrick Stewart
C) Wanda Dalla Costa
D) Brian Porter
  • 45. Who is the first Indigenous Director of a school of architecture in Canada?
A) Alfred Waugh
B) Étienne Gaboury
C) Douglas Cardinal
D) David Fortin
  • 46. In what city is the First Nations University located?
A) Regina
B) Gatineau
C) Vancouver
D) Winnipeg
  • 47. Which of these is listed as a prominent practitioner of Indigenous architecture?
A) Douglas Cardinal
B) Ryan Walker
C) David Fortin
D) Wanda Dalla Costa
  • 48. Where is the Hôtel-Musée Premières Nations located?
A) Vancouver
B) Wendake
C) Thunder Bay
D) Winnipeg
  • 49. What shape were the houses in Old Fiji?
A) Rectangular
B) Square
C) Circular
D) Triangular
  • 50. What type of roofs did the houses in Old Fiji have?
A) Pyramid-like
B) Gabled
C) Flat
D) Domed
  • 51. What were the walls and roofs of traditional Fijian houses thatched with?
A) Stone
B) Clay
C) Plants
D) Metal
  • 52. What was planted nearby the Spirit houses?
A) Scented flora
B) Thorny bushes
C) Vegetables
D) Fruit trees
  • 53. How did the houses of Chiefs differ from subjects' houses in Old Fiji?
A) They were set higher
B) They lacked roofs
C) They were made of brick
D) They were round
  • 54. What has replaced the traditional Spirit houses (Bure Kalou) in modern Fiji?
A) Government offices
B) Schools
C) Shopping malls
D) Churches
  • 55. How does the evolution of rural architecture compare to urban architecture in Fiji?
A) Rural areas are evolving at a slower rate
B) Rural areas are evolving faster
C) They are evolving at the same rate
D) Rural areas have stopped evolving
  • 56. What is the name of the Chief's hut in traditional Kanak architecture?
A) Le Clan Case
B) La Flèche Case
C) Le Petit Case
D) La Grande Case
  • 57. Which type of wood is the central pole of a Grande Case typically made from?
A) Palm wood
B) Pine wood
C) Oak wood
D) Houp wood
  • 58. What are the carved door posts flanking the entrance of a hut called?
A) Ixoe
B) Kanak
C) Behno
D) Katana
  • 59. What does the face on the flèche faîtière represent?
A) A bad spirit
B) The clan's protector
C) The ancestor
D) The living chief
  • 60. Which plant is used for the woven mats inside the hut?
A) Houp wood strips
B) Coconut leaf
C) Pandanus leaf
D) Banana leaf
  • 61. What is the name for the mattress of coconut leaves used in the huts?
A) Grande Case
B) Katana
C) Ixoe
D) Behno
  • 62. Who designed the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre?
A) Jean-Marie Tjibaou
B) Alban Bensa
C) Paul Vincent
D) Renzo Piano
  • 63. How many conical pavilions are contained in the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre?
A) Twelve
B) Ten
C) Eight
D) Thirty-four
  • 64. What type of timber was used for the construction of the huts at the cultural centre?
A) Pine
B) Oak
C) Iroko
D) Cedar
  • 65. How many customary areas are there in Kanak society?
A) Eight
B) Fifty-seven
C) Four
D) Ten
  • 66. Where is the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre located?
A) Tinu Peninsula
B) Nouméa City Center
C) New Caledonia mountain range
D) A remote tribal village
  • 67. What mythological figure does the pathway at the Cultural Centre represent?
A) The god of the lagoon
B) A French explorer
C) Téâ Kanaké
D) The first tribal chief
  • 68. When was the Jean-Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre opened?
A) 1989
B) 2005
C) 1998
D) 1853
  • 69. How many tribes are there in the Kanak society?
A) 8
B) 341
C) 4,000
D) 57
  • 70. What is the primary architectural inspiration for the pavilions at the Cultural Centre?
A) Modern industrial warehouses
B) Oceanic boat structures
C) Colonial French architecture
D) Traditional Kanak Grand Hut
  • 71. Who was the anthropologist involved in the building workshops of the cultural centre?
A) Paul Vincent
B) Renzo Piano
C) Jean-Marie Tjibaou
D) Alban Bensa
  • 72. Which material was commonly used for roofing in traditional Māori construction?
A) Metal sheets
B) Clay tiles
C) Palm fronds
D) Totara-bark shingles
  • 73. What was the purpose of a kāuta?
A) Cooking house
B) Storage of fishing nets
C) Sleeping house
D) Carved meeting house
  • 74. What does the tāhuhu ridge beam represent in a wharenui?
A) Backbone
B) Ribs
C) Head
D) Heart
  • 75. Which term describes the pole-mounted storage shelters used for valuable items?
A) Pātaka
B) Kāuta
C) Marae
D) Whare puni
  • 76. What is the function of the poutokomanawa in a wharenui?
A) It acts as the front door
B) It supports the roof as a ridge beam
C) It functions as a storage rack
D) It represents the heart
  • 77. What are the raparapa of the maihi interpreted as?
A) Eyes
B) Hair
C) Fingers
D) Toes
  • 78. What is the whare-whakairo primarily known as?
A) Fish drying rack
B) Carved meeting house
C) Sleeping hut
D) Ancestor tomb
  • 79. Which ancestor is said to have established the tradition of whare whakairo?
A) A local chief from the North Island central plateau
B) A mythological figure who created the moon
C) A Polynesian navigator from Tahiti
D) Ruatepupuke
  • 80. How are the heke rafters of a wharenui interpreted?
A) As arms
B) As fingers
C) As lungs
D) As ribs
  • 81. What was the typical size of a standard whare puni?
A) 2 metres x 3 metres
B) 10 metres x 10 metres
C) 1 metre x 2 metres
D) 5 metres x 5 metres
  • 82. Why were some whare in the North Island central plateau partly sunk into the ground?
A) For better insulation
B) To hide from enemies
C) To honor the earth deity
D) To provide extra storage space
  • 83. What is the traditional Palauan meeting house called?
A) Batalan
B) Bai
C) Kamalig
D) Bahay Kubo
  • 84. Which of these is the oldest bai in Palau?
A) Airai Bai
B) Ancient Bai
C) Elders' Bai
D) Koror Bai
  • 85. What is the Tagalog term for the area beneath a Bahay Kubo?
A) Kisame
B) Bubungan
C) Silong
D) Ventanilla
  • 86. Which individual is listed as an indigenous architecture researcher?
A) Elsdon Best
B) John Scott
C) Elisapeta Heta
D) Rewi Thompson
  • 87. What are 'ventanillas' in the context of Philippine architecture?
A) Wall dividers made of bamboo
B) Roof vents for smoke
C) Smaller windows underneath larger ones
D) Traditional floor mats
  • 88. Which term describes houses made of stone adapted from the Bahay Kubo style?
A) Nipa Hut
B) Batalan
C) Kamalig
D) Bahay na Bato
  • 89. What is the 'Kisame' in a Bahay Kubo?
A) The floor
B) The ceiling
C) The wall frame
D) The window frame
  • 90. Which of these is a listed practitioner of indigenous architecture?
A) Jade Kake
B) Elsdon Best
C) Fleur Palmer
D) Deidre Brown
  • 91. What is the term used for the traditional lands of the Sámi people?
A) Nordland
B) Arcticus
C) Sápmi
D) Scandia
  • 92. Where are the Sámi people recognized as the only Indigenous people?
A) Scandinavia
B) Russia
C) Greenland
D) Canada
  • 93. What is the primary visual difference between a lavvu and a goahti at the top?
A) Lavvu poles are wood, goahti poles are stone
B) Lavvu has a chimney, goahti has an open hole
C) Lavvu is square, goahti is circular
D) Lavvu poles meet, goahti poles remain separate
  • 94. Which of the following is NOT required for the stability of a lavvu?
A) Guy-wire
B) Three forked poles
C) Straight poles
D) Size and quantity of poles
  • 95. How many center poles are needed to support a traditional lavvu structure?
A) Zero
B) Three
C) One
D) Two
  • 96. What shape describes the typical lavvu structure?
A) Circular
B) Hexagonal
C) Elongated
D) Rectangular
  • 97. What is another common nickname for the tent version of the goahti?
A) Arctic dome
B) Reindeer hut
C) Bread box lavvu
D) Turf shelter
  • 98. How many curved poles are used in the interior construction of a goahti?
A) Six
B) Two
C) Eight
D) Four
  • 99. At what angle do the curved poles of a goahti typically bend?
A) 180°
B) 130°
C) 45°
D) 90°
  • 100. What is the primary material used to cover a modern goahti?
A) Heavy wool felt
B) Reindeer leather
C) Canvas
D) Plastic sheeting
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