- 1. The P2 Masonic Lodge, officially known as Propaganda Due, is a notorious and secretive organization that has left an indelible mark on Italian history and society, particularly during the turbulent years of the late 20th century. Established in the late 19th century, it initially functioned as a legitimate Masonic group but underwent a dramatic transformation under the leadership of its grandmaster, Licio Gelli, in the 1960s. P2 espoused a blend of clandestine political maneuvering and fraternal ties, effectively merging its Masonic ideals with a covert agenda that involved swaying governmental decisions, orchestrating political influence, and manipulating media narratives. Its membership roster boasted influential figures, including politicians, military leaders, and industrialists, which fueled allegations of corruption and complicity in various scandals, most notably during Italy's 'Years of Lead'—a period marked by political extremism and violence. The lodge was implicated in numerous controversies surrounding the 1980 Bologna train station bombing and the subsequent cover-ups. In 1981, a police raid uncovered a list of members that shocked the nation, revealing how deeply P2 had infiltrated Italian institutions. The ultimate disbandment of the lodge and the ensuing scandals sparked a national debate about the role of secret societies, the influence of Masonic traditions in governance, and the need for transparency in democratic processes, leaving a complex legacy that continues to intrigue scholars and conspiracy theorists alike.
What does 'P2' stand for in the context of the Masonic lodge?
A) Propaganda Uno
B) Propaganda Due
C) P2 Freemasonry
D) P2 Society
- 2. In what year was the P2 lodge officially founded?
A) 1901
B) 1966
C) 1954
D) 1877
- 3. Which key Italian political figure was associated with the P2 lodge?
A) Licio Gelli
B) Giulio Andreotti
C) Silvio Berlusconi
D) Alberto Sordi
- 4. What was a major scandal involving the P2 lodge in the 1980s?
A) Tangentopoli scandal
B) Banco Ambrosiano collapse
C) Falcone assassination
D) Mafiagate
- 5. What was the primary purpose of the P2 lodge?
A) Political influence
B) Philanthropy
C) Religious activities
D) Art promotion
- 6. The P2 lodge was suspended by which organization in 1981?
A) Scottish Rite
B) Grand Orient of Italy
C) United Grand Lodge of England
D) International Masonic Federation
- 7. In what city was the P2 lodge based?
A) Rome
B) Florence
C) Naples
D) Milan
- 8. What infamous act did P2 allegedly plan during the 1980s?
A) Coup d'état
B) Military exercise
C) Cultural festival
D) Economic reform
- 9. In what year was the P2 lodge formally dissolved?
A) 1985
B) 1979
C) 1990
D) 1982
- 10. P2 was involved in influencing which aspect of Italian society?
A) Healthcare
B) Transportation
C) Media
D) Education
- 11. In what decade did P2 come under public scrutiny?
A) 1990s
B) 1980s
C) 1970s
D) 1960s
- 12. P2 was accused of trying to subvert which type of government system?
A) Dictatorship
B) Communism
C) Monarchy
D) Democracy
- 13. In what program was P2 rumored to be involved?
A) Mistral
B) Gladio
C) Mafia
D) Sicilian project
- 14. Which Italian prime minister was linked to P2?
A) Silvio Berlusconi
B) Giulio Andreotti
C) Matteo Renzi
D) Romano Prodi
- 15. What symbol is often associated with Masonic lodges like P2?
A) Pentagram
B) Cross
C) Square and compasses
D) Celtic knot
- 16. What document listed P2 members and was leaked to the public?
A) Secret Police files
B) Italian Constitution
C) Freemasonry Charter
D) Licio Gelli's list
- 17. P2 has been linked to which notorious global scandal?
A) Watergate
B) Propaganda Due scandal
C) Iran-Contra
D) Monica Lewinsky
- 18. What was a common accusation against members of P2?
A) Cultural development
B) Charity work
C) Philosophical discussions
D) Corruption
- 19. Which famous Italian politician was allegedly a member of P2?
A) Giorgio Napolitano
B) Enrico Letta
C) Matteo Salvini
D) Silvio Berlusconi
- 20. What year did Licio Gelli flee Italy?
A) 1981
B) 1975
C) 1985
D) 1992
- 21. What was the main outcome of the P2 scandal?
A) Greater trust in government
B) Increased scrutiny of secret societies
C) Promotion of Freemasonry
D) Expansion of free speech
- 22. Which famous Italian writer criticized the P2 Lodge?
A) Niccolò Machiavelli
B) Primo Levi
C) Dante Alighieri
D) Umberto Eco
- 23. What type of organization is P2?
A) Religious sect
B) Political party
C) Masonic lodge
D) Social club
- 24. P2 is often described as having a strong influence in which sector?
A) Education
B) Healthcare
C) Sports
D) Politics
- 25. After Gelli's flight, what happened to P2?
A) It merged with another lodge
B) It shifted locations
C) It was officially dissolved
D) It became more powerful
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