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Islamic geometric patterns - Quiz
Contributed by: Wallis
  • 1. What two basic shapes are Islamic designs typically built on?
A) Trapezoids and crescents
B) Squares and circles
C) Ovals and diamonds
D) Triangles and rectangles
  • 2. How are squares and circles usually arranged in Islamic designs?
A) Scattered, cropped and faded
B) Graduated, mirrored and inverted
C) Stacked, separated and aligned
D) Repeated, overlapped and interlaced
  • 3. What is a recurring motif often seen in Islamic tilework?
A) 10-pointed star
B) 8-pointed star
C) 5-pointed star
D) 6-pointed star
  • 4. How is the 8-pointed star constructed?
A) Four diamonds joined at the center
B) Two equilateral triangles overlapping
C) Three intersecting circles
D) Two squares, one rotated 45 degrees
  • 5. What is the fourth basic shape mentioned in Islamic patterns alongside squares, circles, and stars?
A) Helix
B) Polygon
C) Ellipse
D) Parabola
  • 6. Which specific polygons are mentioned as part of the fourth basic shape category?
A) Decagons and dodecagons
B) Scalene and isosceles triangles
C) Pentagons and octagons
D) Hexagons and heptagons
  • 7. What variety of symmetries can be formed by combining and reworking these shapes?
A) Projections and inversions
B) Reflections and rotations
C) Translations and scaling only
D) Asymmetry and distortion
  • 8. What do Islamic patterns resemble when seen as mathematical tessellations?
A) They form closed finite loops
B) They mimic biological cell structures
C) They represent strict numerical sequences
D) They can extend indefinitely to suggest infinity
  • 9. What tools are required to draw the grids on which these patterns are constructed?
A) Ruler and compass
B) Calligraphy pen and ink
C) Computer software and a plotter
D) Protractor and set square
  • 10. Who argues that such constructions are in effect algorithms?
A) An unnamed Spanish historian
B) Roman Verostko
C) Ernest Hanbury Hankin
D) Mohammed Ali
  • 11. What did Roman Verostko consider Islamic geometric patterns to be forerunners of?
A) Industrial machine weaving
B) Renaissance perspective painting
C) Classical Greek architecture
D) Modern algorithmic art
  • 12. What does the circle symbolize in the context of Islamic patterns?
A) Unity and diversity in nature
B) Infinity and eternal time
C) Power and divine authority
D) Perfection and closed borders
  • 13. Where is the 15th-century mosque whose decoration is based on a circle divided into six?
A) Yazd, Persia
B) Granada, Spain
C) Sikandra, India
D) Istanbul, Turkey
  • 14. How many smaller circles are drawn around the central circle in the Yazd mosque decoration?
A) Six
B) Four
C) Eight
D) Twelve
  • 15. What shape is formed by the circles touching their neighbors' centers in the Yazd mosque design?
A) Regular octagon
B) Square
C) Regular hexagon
D) Equilateral triangle
  • 16. What basic star pattern is constructed on the basis of the six circles in Yazd?
A) Six-pointed star surrounded by six smaller irregular hexagons
B) Eight-pointed star surrounded by squares
C) Twelve-pointed star surrounded by triangles
D) Five-pointed star surrounded by pentagons
  • 17. How is the basic design outlined on the wall of the mosque in Yazd?
A) In gold leaf
B) In blue
C) In black ink
D) In white
  • 18. What is overlaid on the basic design at the Yazd mosque?
A) A red geometric border of bricks
B) An intersecting tracery in blue around tiles of other colours
C) A golden lattice of carved wood
D) A plaster molding of floral motifs
  • 19. What modern logo is based on a similar design to the Yazd mosque decoration?
A) The Mohammed Ali Research Center
B) The Sikandra Tomb
C) The Alhambra Palace
D) The Topkapı Scroll
  • 20. Who was one of the early Western students of Islamic patterns?
A) Ernest Hanbury Hankin
B) Roman Verostko
C) Mohammed Ali
D) An unnamed Spanish mathematician
  • 21. How did Ernest Hanbury Hankin define a 'geometrical arabesque'?
A) A repeating script of Arabic calligraphy
B) A design created entirely from freehand curved brushstrokes
C) A mosaic made exclusively of circular ceramic tiles
D) A pattern formed with the help of construction lines consisting of polygons in contact
  • 22. According to Hankin, what condition must residual spaces meet when using different combinations of polygons?
A) They must form perfect circles
B) They must be completely filled with gold
C) They must be reasonably symmetrical
D) They must remain entirely empty
  • 23. What shape forms the residual spaces in a grid of octagons in contact?
A) Pentagons
B) Squares
C) Hexagons
D) Triangles
  • 24. Where can an 8-point star based on an octagon grid be seen?
A) Akbar's tomb, Sikandra
B) The Yazd mosque
C) The Alhambra palace
D) The Topkapı Scroll
  • 25. When was Akbar's tomb in Sikandra built?
A) 1605–1613
B) 1400–1450
C) 1480–1520
D) 1800–1810
  • 26. What did Hankin consider astounding regarding Arabian artists?
A) Their ability to weave silk carpets without a loom
B) Their skill in discovering suitable combinations of polygons
C) Their speed in carving stone arches
D) Their talent for mixing chemical blue pigments
  • 27. According to Hankin, how much of a star should be shown if it occurs in a corner?
A) Exactly one third
B) Exactly one half
C) The entire star
D) Exactly one quarter
  • 28. According to Hankin, how much of a star should be shown if it occurs along an edge?
A) The entire star
B) Exactly three quarters
C) Exactly one quarter
D) Exactly one half
  • 29. Where and when was the Topkapı Scroll made?
A) Timurid dynasty Iran in the late-15th century or beginning of the 16th century
B) Safavid Persia in the 18th century
C) Mughal India in the early 17th century
D) Nasrid Granada in the 14th century
  • 30. How many patterns does the Topkapı Scroll contain?
A) 114
B) 6
C) 5
D) 17
  • 31. What types of designs are included in the Topkapı Scroll?
A) Coloured designs for girih tilings and muqarnas quarter or semidomes
B) Sketches of floral wallpaper groups
C) Diagrams of textile weaving and carpet knots
D) Monochrome blueprints for stone arches and minarets
  • 32. Where is the Alhambra palace located?
A) Yazd, Persia
B) Sikandra, India
C) Istanbul, Turkey
D) Granada, Spain
  • 33. What has been extensively studied regarding the Alhambra palace?
A) The mathematical properties of its decorative tile and stucco patterns
B) The agricultural yield of its gardens
C) The hydraulic system of its fountains
D) The acoustic engineering of its throne room
  • 34. What claim have some authors made regarding wallpaper groups at the Alhambra palace?
A) They found only 5 wallpaper groups there
B) They found zero repeating symmetry groups there
C) They proved wallpaper groups were not used there
D) They found most or all of the 17 wallpaper groups there
  • 35. On what grounds are the claims about finding all 17 wallpaper groups at the Alhambra made?
A) Direct historical documentation
B) Dubious grounds
C) Mathematical proof
D) Scientific certainty
  • 36. During which centuries does Moroccan geometric woodwork date from according to the text?
A) 14th to 19th centuries
B) 10th to 12th centuries
C) 15th to 20th centuries
D) 12th to 16th centuries
  • 37. How many wallpaper groups are mainly used in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) 12
B) 5
C) 17
D) 8
  • 38. Which wallpaper groups are mainly used in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) p6mm and p2mm
B) cmmm and pmg2
C) p4gm and p1mm
D) p4mm and c2mm
  • 39. Which wallpaper groups are used occasionally in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) p4gm and p31m
B) p4mm and c2mm
C) p6mm and p2mm
D) pmm and pmg
  • 40. Which wallpaper group is used rarely in Moroccan geometric woodwork?
A) p4mm
B) p6mm
C) c2mm
D) p4gm
  • 41. What method of construction is claimed to be able to generate all 17 wallpaper groups in Moroccan woodwork?
A) The Hankin polygon grid method
B) The 'Hasba' (measure) method
C) The Topkapı compass method
D) The Verostko algorithmic method
  • 42. What does the 'Hasba' (measure) method of construction start with?
A) n-fold rosettes
B) Concentric circles
C) Octagon grids
D) Intersecting squares
  • 43. What is avoided in Islamic ornament due to holy scriptures?
A) Figurative images
B) Calligraphy
C) Plant forms
D) Geometric shapes
  • 44. What type of Moroccan tilework features geometric patterns?
A) Girih
B) Kilim
C) Zellij
D) Jali
  • 45. What are pierced stone screens in Islamic art called?
A) Jali
B) Zellij
C) Muqarnas
D) Girih
  • 46. Which artist in the twentieth century showed interest in Islamic geometric patterns?
A) M. C. Escher
B) Paul Steinhardt
C) Keith Critchlow
D) David Wade
E) Peter J. Lu
  • 47. What artistic feature caused an aesthetic shift toward mathematically based decoration?
A) Aniconism
B) Figurative worship
C) Calligraphy
D) Naturalism
  • 48. What does David Wade state is the aim of Islamic art of decoration?
A) Preservation
B) Isolation
C) Imitation
D) Transformation
  • 49. According to David Wade, what can decorated pages of a Qur'an become?
A) Objects of worship
B) Strict moral criteria
C) Figurative representations
D) Windows onto the infinite
  • 50. Who stated that beauty in Arabic culture was enjoyed for its own sake without commitment to religious or moral criteria?
A) Doris Behrens-Abouseif
B) David Wade
C) Paul Steinhardt
D) Keith Critchlow
  • 51. Which mosque features 6- and 8-point stars appearing in 879, marking the middle stage of Islamic geometric pattern usage?
A) Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia
B) Ibn Tulun Mosque, Cairo
C) Barsian Mosque, Persia
D) Al-Juyushi Mosque, Egypt
  • 52. When did abstract 6- and 8-point shapes appear in the Tower of Kharaqan at Qazvin, Persia?
A) 1067
B) 836
C) 1220
D) 1086
  • 53. Which structure features abstract 6- and 8-point shapes in Egypt in 1085?
A) Abbasid palace
B) Hasan Sadaqah mausoleum
C) Al-Juyushi Mosque
D) Sultan Hassan complex
  • 54. Which region was an exception to the widespread use of 10-point girih patterns?
A) Spanish Al-Andalus
B) Persia
C) Central Asia
D) Egypt
  • 55. Which mosque in Persia used sweeping 9-, 11-, and 13-point girih patterns in 1098?
A) Jameh Mosque of Isfahan
B) Barsian Mosque
C) Tower of Kharaqan
D) Alâeddin Mosque
  • 56. What type of stained glass artform is listed as making use of geometric patterns?
A) Muqarnas
B) Zellij
C) Kilim
D) Shakaba
  • 57. An unglazed earthenware water flask from which location is described as being in the shape of a vertical circle?
A) Isfahan
B) Cairo
C) Baghdad
D) Aleppo
  • 58. What decoration is found at the centre of the unglazed earthenware water flask from Aleppo?
A) An abstract 6-point star
B) A lozenge containing a square
C) A small 8-petalled flower
D) A 16-point geometric rosette
  • 59. In which type of architecture is the girih style used?
A) Ancient Egyptian architecture
B) Roman classical architecture
C) Gothic European architecture
D) Persian Islamic architecture
  • 60. Which of the following is a traditional medium for girih designs?
A) Solid marble slabs
B) Cut brickwork
C) Cast iron
D) Pressed cardboard
  • 61. What type of tilework is traditionally used for girih designs?
A) Polished granite tilework
B) Terrazzo flooring tiles
C) Mosaic faience tilework
D) Plain ceramic subway tilework
  • 62. During which historical period was girih especially applied in woodwork?
A) Umayyad dynasty period
B) Ottoman Tanzimat period
C) Abbasid golden age
D) Safavid period
  • 63. How could girih be applied in woodwork during the Safavid period?
A) As carved stone pillars
B) As painted canvas rolls
C) As lattice frames
D) As woven tapestries
  • 64. Can mosaic panels be used in both sacred and secular settings?
A) Yes
B) No, only in military fortifications
C) No, only in sacred buildings
D) No, only in secular buildings
  • 65. What is most girih design based on?
A) A random splash of ink
B) A partially hidden geometric grid
C) A completely visible organic flower vine
D) A set of freehand animal sketches
  • 66. What kind of symmetry helps the pattern fill the plane?
A) Rotational symmetries
B) Linear gradient
C) Random distortion
D) Translational asymmetry
  • 67. What is the nature of the visible pattern superimposed on the grid?
A) Biomorphic
B) Abstractly random
C) Geometric
D) Asymmetrical
  • 68. What joins the stars and convex polygons in the visible pattern?
A) Thin metal wires
B) Plaster ridges
C) Painted brush strokes
D) Straps
  • 69. Does the visible pattern coincide with the underlying construction lines of the tiling?
A) Only in woodwork
B) No
C) Yes, completely
D) Only in brickwork
  • 70. To what is the bridge between the invisible and visible analogous in Islamic culture?
A) The political leadership hierarchy
B) The 'epistemological quest'
C) The military conquest strategy
D) The economic trade system
  • 71. What are jali?
A) Embossed leather book covers
B) Metal dishes
C) Flatwoven carpets
D) Pierced stone screens
  • 72. Which architect popularised modern, simplified jali walls?
A) Sinan the Architect
B) Eva Baer
C) Hamilton Gibb
D) Laurie Baker
  • 73. What do kilim patterns often characterize?
A) The price of the carpet
B) Specific regions
C) Individual weavers' ages
D) The season of the year
  • 74. Besides being decorative, what else are kilim motifs often?
A) Map coordinates
B) Numerical codes
C) Trademarks
D) Symbolic
  • 75. When was the Palace of Shaki Khans in Azerbaijan constructed?
A) 1950
B) 1883
C) 1200
D) 1797
  • 76. What are shabaka windows framed in?
A) Lead
B) Iron
C) Wood
D) Stucco
  • 77. Where are shabaka still constructed the traditional way in the 21st century?
A) Sheki
B) Tunisia
C) Amsterdam
D) Raqqa
  • 78. Traditions of stained glass set in wooden frames survive in workshops in Iran as well as which other country?
A) Azerbaijan
B) Spain
C) Turkey
D) Yemen
  • 79. Where was a late example of stained glass made for the International Colonial Exhibition in 1883?
A) Damascus
B) Sana'a
C) Raqqa
D) Tunisia
  • 80. Where did the stained-glass technique that developed after the 12th century originate?
A) Tunisia
B) Spain
C) Azerbaijan
D) Syria
  • 81. What was applied to the surface of the glass in the post-12th century Syrian technique?
A) Stucco paste
B) Colored wax
C) Enamel paints
D) Liquid gold
  • 82. What country is the tradition of Zellij characteristic of?
A) Turkey
B) Morocco
C) The Netherlands
D) Egypt
  • 83. Who is believed by some Westerners to be the only one who can produce perfection, according to the false theory about mistakes?
A) Allah
B) M. C. Escher
C) The Prince of Wales
D) Roger Penrose
  • 84. How many objects with Islamic geometric patterns does the Victoria and Albert Museum hold at least?
A) 124
B) 5
C) 283
D) 70
  • 85. Where is the Victoria and Albert Museum located?
A) New York
B) Istanbul
C) London
D) Isfahan
  • 86. Who brought goods of many types back to Italy from the 14th century onwards, influencing Western art?
A) British tile-makers
B) Dutch artists
C) Venetian merchants
D) Islamic physicists
  • 87. Name one of the experts on Islamic geometric patterns on the panel at the 2013 Istanbul symposium.
A) Roger Penrose
B) M. C. Escher
C) Carol Bier
D) Ahmad Rafsanjani
  • 88. Which expert was also on the panel at the 2013 Istanbul symposium?
A) Peter J. Lu
B) Craig S. Kaplan
C) Jay Bonner
D) Paul Steinhardt
  • 89. Name another expert from the panel at the 2013 Istanbul symposium.
A) Allah
B) Zellij craftsman
C) Eric Broug
D) Venetian merchant
  • 90. Who else was included on the 2013 Istanbul symposium panel?
A) M. C. Escher
B) Roger Penrose
C) Hacali Necefoğlu
D) Craig S. Kaplan
  • 91. Who was the fifth expert mentioned on the 2013 Istanbul symposium panel?
A) Carol Bier
B) Reza Sarhangi
C) Eric Broug
D) Jay Bonner
  • 92. What does 'arabesque' refer to in the courses run by The Prince's School of Traditional Arts?
A) Auxetic rubber sheets
B) Vegetal forms
C) Quasi-periodic tilings
D) Glazed terracotta tilework
  • 93. Who explained and illustrated in his Ph.D. thesis how Islamic star patterns can be generated algorithmically?
A) Ahmad Rafsanjani
B) Peter J. Lu
C) Craig S. Kaplan
D) Paul Steinhardt
  • 94. Whose discoveries did the girih designs resemble, according to Lu and Steinhardt?
A) Roger Penrose
B) Carol Bier
C) Jay Bonner
D) M. C. Escher
  • 95. In what year did Roger Penrose discover his tilings?
A) 2016
B) 1973
C) 2013
D) 2007
  • 96. What shrine in Isfahan features girih designs studied by Lu and Steinhardt?
A) Darb-e Imam shrine
B) Alhambra
C) Metropolitan Museum of Art
D) Victoria and Albert Museum
  • 97. Who described the use of Islamic geometric patterns from tomb towers in Iran to create auxetic materials in 2016?
A) Craig S. Kaplan
B) Peter J. Lu
C) Ahmad Rafsanjani
D) Paul Steinhardt
  • 98. What material was used to create auxetic materials based on tomb tower patterns?
A) Glazed terracotta tiles
B) Perforated rubber sheets
C) Woven silk and brass
D) Rosewood and ebony
  • 99. How many Islamic patterns did Ahmad Rafsanjani note on the tomb towers in Iran?
A) 70
B) 124
C) 5
D) 283
  • 100. What material is NOT listed as part of the Victoria and Albert Museum's collection of Islamic patterned objects?
A) Woven silk
B) Perforated rubber
C) Stucco
D) Ivory
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