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Dinosaur Park Formation - Quiz
Contributed by: Handley
  • 1. What is the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) The uppermost member of the Belly River Group
B) The lowermost member of the Oldman Formation
C) A marine shale above the Bearpaw Formation
D) A low-rank coal mine in southern Saskatchewan
  • 2. What is another name for the Belly River Group?
A) Judith River Group
B) Oldman Group
C) Bearpaw Group
D) Western Interior Seaway
  • 3. During which stage of the Late Cretaceous was the Dinosaur Park Formation deposited?
A) Maastrichtian
B) Turonian
C) Albian
D) Campanian
  • 4. Approximately how many million years ago was the formation deposited?
A) Between 76.5 and 74.4 million years ago
B) Between 70.1 and 65.5 million years ago
C) Between 90.5 and 88.0 million years ago
D) Between 85.0 and 80.2 million years ago
  • 5. In what environments was the Dinosaur Park Formation deposited?
A) Glacial and periglacial environments
B) Alluvial and coastal plain environments
C) Deep marine and abyssal environments
D) Volcanic caldera environments
  • 6. Which formation is directly below the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Oldman Formation
B) Bearpaw Formation
C) Lethbridge Coal Zone
D) Judith River Formation
  • 7. Which formation is directly above the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Oldman Formation
B) Belly River Formation
C) Bearpaw Formation
D) Milk River Formation
  • 8. What type of fossil remains are found in dense concentrations within the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Pterosaur wings exclusively
B) Dinosaur skeletons
C) Mammalian teeth only
D) Ammonite shells
  • 9. What are dinosaur skeletons in the formation often found with?
A) Pure amber deposits
B) Preserved remains of soft tissues
C) Meteorite fragments
D) Volcanic glass shards
  • 10. Besides dinosaurs, what other animal remains are abundant in the formation?
A) Amphibians and trilobites
B) Birds and bats
C) Fish, turtles, and crocodilians
D) Whales and dolphins
  • 11. After which location is the Dinosaur Park Formation named?
A) Berry Creek
B) Dinosaur Provincial Park
C) Red Deer River Park
D) Deadlodge Canyon
  • 12. Dinosaur Provincial Park is designated as what kind of site?
A) UNESCO World Heritage Site
B) Protected Biosphere Reserve
C) International Geological Monument
D) National Marine Sanctuary
  • 13. Where is the formation well exposed?
A) Along the shores of the Milk River
B) In the badlands that flank the Red Deer River
C) Beneath the Bearpaw Sea
D) In the mountains to the west
  • 14. Who provided the first recorded account of fossils in the area in 1871?
A) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
B) Lawrence Lambe
C) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux
D) George Mercer Dawson
  • 15. Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux was shown bones of what animal by the Blackfoot Confederacy?
A) A duck-billed dinosaur
B) A woolly mammoth
C) The "grandfather of the buffalo"
D) A giant prehistoric bear
  • 16. Who reported official accounts of dinosaur bones in western Canada in 1874?
A) Henry Fairfield Osborn
B) George Mercer Dawson
C) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux
D) Thomas Chesmer Weston
  • 17. Along which river did George Mercer Dawson make his 1874 discoveries?
A) Red Deer River
B) Deadlodge Canyon
C) Milk River
D) Berry Creek
  • 18. Who discovered the skull of a theropod in 1884?
A) Edward Drinker Cope
B) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
C) Lawrence Lambe
D) George Mercer Dawson
  • 19. As what genus did Edward Drinker Cope initially identify Joseph Burr Tyrrell's 1884 theropod skull?
A) Laelaps
B) Gorgosaurus
C) Tyrannosaurus
D) Albertosaurus
  • 20. Who named the 1884 theropod skull Albertosaurus in 1905?
A) Thomas Chesmer Weston
B) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
C) Henry Fairfield Osborn
D) Lawrence Lambe
  • 21. Who found rich fossil beds in Deadlodge Canyon and Berry Creek in 1889?
A) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux
B) Thomas Chesmer Weston
C) Henry Fairfield Osborn
D) George Mercer Dawson
  • 22. Along which river did Thomas Chesmer Weston find fossil beds in 1889?
A) Bow River
B) Milk River
C) Red Deer River
D) South Saskatchewan River
  • 23. Who more completely surveyed the areas along the Red Deer River from 1897 until 1901?
A) Edward Drinker Cope
B) Lawrence Lambe
C) Thomas Chesmer Weston
D) Joseph Burr Tyrrell
  • 24. What was the Dinosaur Park Formation considered to be during the late 19th and early 20th century descriptions by Lambe and Osborn?
A) Judith River Formation
B) Bearpaw Formation
C) Belly River Formation
D) Oldman Formation
  • 25. What was the age previously assigned to the formation by Lambe and Osborn?
A) Early Jurassic
B) Late Permian
C) Mid-Cretaceous
D) Early Triassic
  • 26. From what source were the sediments of the Dinosaur Park Formation derived?
A) Glacial deposits from the north
B) Erosion of the Canadian Shield to the east
C) Volcanic ash from northern plains
D) Erosion of the mountains to the west
  • 27. In which direction did the river systems flow that deposited the formation?
A) Northward and northwestward
B) Strictly southward
C) Westward and southwestward
D) Eastward and southeastward
  • 28. What was the name of the large inland sea toward which the river systems flowed?
A) Bearpaw Sea
B) Tethys Sea
C) Sundance Sea
D) Hudson Sea
  • 29. The Bearpaw Sea was part of what larger seaway?
A) Atlantic Seaway
B) Western Interior Seaway
C) Boreal Seaway
D) Panthalassa Seaway
  • 30. What marine sediments were deposited on top of the Dinosaur Park Formation as the sea inundated the coastal plain?
A) Marine shales of the Bearpaw Formation
B) Sandstones of the Oldman Formation
C) Coal beds of the Lethbridge Zone
D) Limestone reefs of the Milk River Formation
  • 31. Approximately how thick is the Dinosaur Park Formation at Dinosaur Park?
A) About 300 metres (980 ft)
B) About 150 metres (490 ft)
C) About 30 metres (100 ft)
D) About 70 metres (230 ft)
  • 32. In what environment was the lower portion of the Dinosaur Park Formation laid down?
A) Glacial moraine environments
B) Aeolian dune environments
C) Deep marine shelf environments
D) Fluvial channel environments
  • 33. What primarily composes the lower portion of the formation?
A) Fine- to medium-grained, crossbedded sandstones
B) Low-rank coal seams and siltstones
C) Pure white chalk and limestone
D) Massive to laminated organic-rich mudstones
  • 34. In what environments was the upper portion of the formation deposited?
A) Offshore marine environments
B) Subglacial trench environments
C) Overbank and floodplain environments
D) Estuarine and deltaic environments
  • 35. What primarily composes the upper portion of the formation?
A) Red chalk and marl
B) Coarse-grained conglomerate sandstones
C) Massive to laminated, organic-rich mudstones
D) Thick beds of massive granite
  • 36. What traces and beds are abundant in the upper portion's mudstones?
A) Coprolites and sulfur nodules
B) Volcanic pumice and quartz veins
C) Root traces and thin beds of bentonite
D) Fossilized marine shells and amber
  • 37. What zone marks the top of the Dinosaur Park Formation?
A) Deadlodge Coal Horizon
B) Berry Creek Coal Member
C) Red Deer Coal Seam
D) Lethbridge Coal Zone
  • 38. What does the Lethbridge Coal Zone consist of?
A) Bituminous coal mixed exclusively with limestone
B) Several seams of low-rank coal interbedded with mudstones and siltstones
C) Lignite beds alternating with marine shales
D) Pure anthracite coal layers with thick sandstone caps
  • 39. What separates the Dinosaur Park Formation from the underlying Oldman Formation?
A) An angular unconformity caused by major mountain building
B) A thick bed of marine limestone
C) A regional disconformity
D) A massive layer of pure volcanic ash
  • 40. How are the Dinosaur Park and Oldman formations distinguished?
A) By petrographic and sedimentologic differences
B) By their fossilized marine invertebrate content
C) By differences in their overall geological age of 20 million years
D) By the complete absence of rocks in the Oldman Formation
  • 41. How do articulated skeletal remains and bonebeds compare between the Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations?
A) They are rare in the Oldman Formation but abundant in the Dinosaur Park Formation
B) They have never been found in either formation
C) They are equally abundant in both formations
D) They are abundant in the Oldman Formation and absent in the Dinosaur Park Formation
  • 42. In which Canadian province is the Dinosaur Park Formation primarily located?
A) Saskatchewan
B) British Columbia
C) Manitoba
D) Alberta
  • 43. Geological Survey of Canada discoveries in the 1880s included work by whom?
A) Thomas Chesmer Weston and Lawrence Lambe exclusively
B) George Mercer Dawson and his colleagues
C) Edward Drinker Cope and Henry Fairfield Osborn
D) Jean-Baptiste L'Heureux and the Blackfoot Confederacy
  • 44. How many distinct faunas can the Dinosaur Park Formation be divided into at least?
A) Two
B) One
C) Four
D) Three
  • 45. What might the appearance of new, rare ornithischian species at the very top of the formation indicate?
A) A third distinct fauna
B) Volcanic activity
C) The extinction of all dinosaurs
D) A return to the lower fauna
  • 46. Which species is noted as potentially more common in the third fauna?
A) Vagaceratops irvinensis
B) Corythosaurus
C) Euoplocephalus tutus
D) Centrosaurus
  • 47. Which Lambeosaurus species may be more common in the third fauna?
A) Lambeosaurus ornatissimus
B) Lambeosaurus altidens
C) Lambeosaurus lambei
D) Lambeosaurus magnicristatus
  • 48. Who authored the biostratigraphy study of megaherbivores cited from 2019?
A) Penalski
B) Mallon
C) Coombs
D) Eberth
  • 49. Whose taxonomy of Euoplocephalus tutus is disputed in the text?
A) Eberth
B) Mallon
C) Coombs
D) Penalski
  • 50. What is the publication year of the taxonomy study by Penalski mentioned in the text?
A) 2018
B) 2010
C) 2023
D) 2019
  • 51. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter mark is Scolosaurus cutleri found?
A) ~0m
B) ~40m
C) ~3-8m
D) ~16-30m
  • 52. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter range is Platypelta coombsi found?
A) ~40m
B) ~0m
C) ~3-8m
D) ~27-31m
  • 53. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter range is Euoplocephalus tutus found?
A) ~16-30m
B) ~40m
C) ~3-8m
D) ~0m
  • 54. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter range is Anodontosaurus inceptus found?
A) ~0m
B) ~3-8m
C) ~27-31m
D) ~16-30m
  • 55. According to Penalski, at approximately what meter mark is Scolosaurus thronus found?
A) ~0m
B) ~27-31m
C) ~3-8m
D) ~40m
  • 56. Which taxon is separated into multiple taxa by Penalski (2018)?
A) Euoplocephalus tutus
B) Centrosaurus apertus
C) Corythosaurus casuarius
D) Styracosaurus albertensis
  • 57. What type of dinosaur is primarily used to characterize the lower part of the formation?
A) Theropod
B) Corythosaurus
C) Pterosaur
D) Sauropod
  • 58. What type of organism group is the focus of the megaherbivore biostratigraphy?
A) Carnivores
B) Microscopic plankton
C) Omnivores
D) Megaherbivores
  • 59. What type of ceratopsian taxon has been recovered from the formation?
A) A well-defined Centrosaurus apertus
B) A fully named Triceratops horridus
C) An adult Chasmosaurus belli
D) An unnamed Pachyrhinosaurus-like taxon
  • 60. What ornithopod specimen has been recovered from the formation?
A) Only adult Iguanodon bones
B) Dozens of complete Thescelosaurus skeletons
C) No ornithopod remains at all
D) At least one indeterminate thescelosaurid specimen
  • 61. Which hadrosaurs may have preferred the upland nesting grounds?
A) Exclusively lambeosaurines
B) Only juvenile hadrosaurs
C) The most abundant adult Edmontosaurus
D) Less common hadrosaurs like Brachylophosaurus or Parasaurolophus
  • 62. What size are the fragments of pebbly-textured hadrosaur eggshell reported from the formation?
A) Giant meters-wide pieces
B) Sub-centimeter fragments
C) Exactly five inches across
D) Microscopic dust particles
  • 63. The hadrosaur eggshell from the Dinosaur Park Formation is similar to that of which location in southern Alberta?
A) Devil's Coulee
B) Royal Tyrrell Museum grounds
C) Cypress Hills
D) Writing-on-Stone
  • 64. What shelled invertebrates are found in large numbers at the eggshell sites?
A) Trilobites
B) Pisidiid clams
C) Giant ammonites
D) Brachiopods
  • 65. What do the invertebrate shells release to protect the eggshells from dissolving?
A) Basic calcium carbonate
B) Sodium chloride
C) Iron oxide
D) Hydrochloric acid
  • 66. What acid would otherwise have dissolved the eggshells and prevented fossilization?
A) Naturally occurring acids
B) Sulfuric acid from rainfall
C) Citric acid from native fruits
D) Artificial industrial acids
  • 67. Which bonebed is noted as an especially productive source of young hadrosaur remains?
A) Bonebed 99
B) Bonebed 12
C) Bonebed 50
D) Bonebed 1
  • 68. Are the bones of juvenile hadrosaurs and fossil eggshell fragments preserved in association with each other?
A) No
B) Always
C) In every single bonebed
D) Yes
  • 69. What kind of marks were found on the valuable discovery of a small theropod dinosaur?
A) Bite punctures from insects
B) Tooth marks
C) Claw marks
D) Pathological bone growths
  • 70. What possible indeterminate remains are known from the formation regarding avimimids?
A) Tyrannosaurid
B) Hadrosaurid
C) Ceratopsian
D) Avimimid
  • 71. What is the basis for the new taxon of troodontid found in the upper part of the formation?
A) Footprints
B) Tail feathers
C) Teeth
D) Skulls
  • 72. What type of reptiles were choristoderes?
A) Arboreal
B) Terrestrial
C) Aquatic
D) fossorial
  • 73. What did small choristoderes look like?
A) Frogs
B) Snakes
C) Turtles
D) Lizards
  • 74. Larger types of choristoderes were superficially similar to which animals?
A) Whales
B) Crocodylians
C) Sharks
D) Large birds
  • 75. Which of the following is listed as a choristodere alongside Champsosaurus?
A) Cteniogenys sp. cf. antiquus
B) Leidyosuchus
C) Albertochampsa
D) Cretorectolobus olsoni
  • 76. Which crocodylian genus listed has remains found in the formation?
A) Ischyrhiza
B) Champsosaurus
C) Cteniogenys
D) Albertochampsa
  • 77. Which other crocodylian genus besides Albertochampsa is found in the formation?
A) Leidyosuchus
B) Parasaniwa
C) Belonostomus
D) Estesesox
  • 78. Which of the following lizards is listed as found in the formation?
A) Helodermatids
B) Champsosaurus
C) Leidyosuchus
D) Albertochampsa
  • 79. Is Labrodioctes listed as a lizard found in the formation?
A) No, it is a mammal
B) Yes
C) No, it is a turtle
D) No, it is a fish
  • 80. Which group of lizards starting with N is found in the formation?
A) Nautiloids
B) Nannosaurs
C) Newts
D) Necrosaurids
  • 81. Which lizard genus listed sounds similar to a known sauropod suffix but is under lizards?
A) Spinosaurus
B) Saurophaganax
C) Socognathus
D) Stegosaurus
  • 82. Which lizard taxon has a question mark in front of its name in the text?
A) ?Varanids
B) ?Exostinus
C) ?Helodermatids
D) ?Teiids
  • 83. What type of shark is Cretorectolobus olsoni?
A) Mackerel shark
B) Carpet shark
C) Hammerhead shark
D) Bull shark
  • 84. What type of fish is Ischyrhiza mira?
A) Gar
B) Sclerorhynchid
C) Sturgeon
D) Carpet shark
  • 85. What type of shark is Meristodonoides montanensis?
A) Hybodont shark
B) Carpet shark
C) Sclerorhynchid
D) Chimaera
  • 86. What type of fish is Myledaphus bipartitus?
A) Sturgeon
B) Chimaera
C) Gar
D) Ray
  • 87. What type of fish is Protoplatyrhina renae?
A) Guitarfish
B) Salmon
C) Pike
D) Carpet shark
  • 88. What family is 'Edaphodontidae' indet. classified as?
A) Ray
B) Chimaera
C) Sturgeon
D) Gar
  • 89. What type of shark is Archaeolamna kopingensis judithensis?
A) A shark
B) A guitarfish
C) A chimaera
D) A sturgeon
  • 90. What alternative common name is given for Protoplatyrhina renae in the fish section?
A) Rhino Ray
B) Carpet shark
C) Electric ray
D) Sawfish
  • 91. What group of fish represents sturgeons in the text?
A) Holostean fish
B) Chondrichthyans
C) Teleost fish
D) Acipenseriformes
  • 92. Which sturgeon species is listed in quotes in the text?
A) Lepisosteus occidentalis
B) Arotus hieroglyphus
C) "Acipenser albertensis"
D) Anchiacipenser acanthaspis
  • 93. Which sturgeon species features the specific epithet acanthaspis?
A) Lepisosteus occidentalis
B) Acipenser albertensis
C) Anchiacipenser acanthaspis
D) Arotus hieroglyphus
  • 94. Which of the following is a holostean fish listed in the formation?
A) Myledaphus bipartitus
B) Arotus hieroglyphus
C) Ischyrhiza mira
D) Enchodus petrosus
  • 95. What common name is given for Lepisosteus occidentalis?
A) The pike
B) The salmon
C) The gar
D) The tarpon
  • 96. What type of fish is Archaeosiilik sp.?
A) A characin
B) A chimaera
C) An elopomorph
D) A pike
  • 97. What type of fish is Primuluchara laramidensis?
A) A sturgeon
B) A pike
C) A gar
D) A characin
  • 98. What type of fish is Sivulliusalmo sp.?
A) An osteoglossomorph
B) A salmonid
C) A guitarfish
D) An otophysan
  • 99. Which of the following is listed as a pike found in the formation?
A) Paratarpon apogerontus
B) Acronichthys sp.
C) Cretophareodus alberticus
D) Estesesox foxi
  • 100. Which of these is another pike listed in the formation alongside Estesesox foxi?
A) Enchodus gladiolus
B) Oldmanesox canadensis
C) Arotus hieroglyphus
D) Lepisosteus occidentalis
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