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Great Pyramid of Giza - Quiz
Contributed by: Buck
  • 1. In which century did the Roman writer Pliny the Elder live and write?
A) Third century AD
B) Second century BC
C) Fourth century AD
D) First century AD
  • 2. According to Pliny the Elder, why might the Great Pyramid have been raised?
A) To guide travelers through the desert
B) To prevent the lower classes from remaining unoccupied
C) To serve as a temple for animal worship
D) To act as a massive astronomical calendar
  • 3. What did Pliny the Elder state about the names of those who erected the pyramids?
A) Accident consigned them to oblivion
B) They were recorded by Egyptian priests
C) They were carefully inscribed on gold plates
D) They were known only to the pharaoh's family
  • 4. What method did Pliny suggest was used to transport stones by melting heaps of nitre and salt?
A) Rainwater collected from seasonal storms
B) Underground springs tapped by drilling
C) Melted snow brought from northern mountains
D) Water redirected from the river
  • 5. Whose method did Pliny describe for ascertaining the pyramid's height by measuring its shadow?
A) Pythagoras of Samos
B) Herodotus
C) Thales of Miletus
D) Aristotle
  • 6. How deep is the well inside the largest pyramid according to Pliny's account?
A) Thirty cubits
B) Eighty-six cubits
C) One hundred and twenty cubits
D) Fifty cubits
  • 7. During late antiquity, what was the popular misinterpretation regarding the pyramids?
A) They were Joseph's granary
B) They were giant lighthouses
C) They were ancient fortresses
D) They were astronomical observatories
  • 8. Who was the female Christian pilgrim whose travel narratives contain the first textual evidence of the 'Joseph's granary' connection?
A) Egeria
B) Paula
C) Helena
D) Melania
  • 9. Between which two locations did Egeria visit the pyramids?
A) Memphis and Babylonia
B) Luxor and Cairo
C) Thebes and Heliopolis
D) Alexandria and Memphis
  • 10. In what year range did Egeria visit Egypt?
A) 300 and 310 AD
B) 381 and 384 AD
C) 450 and 455 AD
D) 250 and 260 AD
  • 11. Who wrote the geographical treatise Cosmographia around 376 AD?
A) Julius Honorius
B) Al-Masudi
C) Stephanos of Byzantium
D) Pliny the Elder
  • 12. According to Julius Honorius's Cosmographia, what were the pyramids called?
A) Granaries of Joseph
B) Pillars of the Flood
C) Monuments of Vanity
D) Tombs of the Kings
  • 13. Who wrote in his Ethnica that the word 'pyramid' was connected to the Greek word pyros?
A) Julius Honorius
B) Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
C) Al-Kaisi
D) Stephanos of Byzantium
  • 14. What does the Greek word pyros mean?
A) Height
B) Fire
C) Wheat
D) Stone
  • 15. Which empire conquered Egypt in 642 AD, ending Romano-Byzantine rule?
A) Abbasid Caliphate
B) Ottoman Empire
C) Rashidun Caliphate
D) Roman Empire
  • 16. Which Abbasid caliph is said to have tunnelled into the side of the Great Pyramid in 832 AD?
A) al-Afdal Shahanshah
B) al-Maqrizi
C) al-Masudi
D) al-Ma'mun
  • 17. According to a Coptic legend, which antediluvian king built the Great Pyramid?
A) Hermes
B) Joseph
C) Agathodaimon
D) Surid Ibn Salhouk
  • 18. Why did Surid order the construction of the pyramids according to the Coptic legend?
A) He had a terrifying dream of the world's end
B) He wanted to hide his vast personal wealth
C) He wanted to store grain for a famine
D) He sought to honor his ancestors
  • 19. How many years prior to the Great Flood did Surid have his dream?
A) Fifty years
B) Thousand years
C) Three hundred years
D) One hundred years
  • 20. Who wrote the work Akbar al-zaman?
A) al-Kaisi
B) al-Masudi
C) Ibn al-Nadim
D) Al-Maqrizi
  • 21. What did al-Ma'mun supposedly discover inside an emerald jar according to al-Masudi's account?
A) A magical amulet
B) A thousand coins
C) A written curse
D) A secret map
  • 22. How much did each coin found in the emerald jar weigh?
A) One ounce
B) Four ounces
C) Half an ounce
D) Ten ounces
  • 23. What is the alternative speculation regarding the coins found by al-Ma'mun?
A) They were dropped by ancient grave robbers
B) They were planted by al-Ma'mun to appease his workers
C) They were left by Roman merchants
D) They were naturally formed metal deposits
  • 24. Who wrote the work al-Fihrist in 987 AD?
A) Julius Honorius
B) Ibn al-Nadim
C) al-Baghdadi
D) Egeria
  • 25. What statues did a man see inside the main chamber according to Ibn al-Nadim's tale?
A) A king holding a scepter and a queen holding a lotus
B) A scribe holding a scroll and a priest holding a bowl
C) A man holding a tablet and a woman holding a mirror
D) Two lions guarding a golden chest
  • 26. What was inside the stone vessel found between the statues in Ibn al-Nadim's tale?
A) A sacred scroll written in hieroglyphs
B) A collection of silver coins
C) A glowing emerald stone
D) A gold receptacle filled with fresh blood
  • 27. According to Ibn al-Nadim's work, in what state were the bodies of a man and woman discovered inside the pyramid?
A) Skeletal and completely decayed
B) Best possible state of preservation
C) Wrapped in simple linen
D) Turned entirely to dust
  • 28. What is the title of the work written by the author al-Kaisi?
A) Tohfat Alalbab
B) Akbar al-zaman
C) Account of Egypt
D) Al-Khitat
  • 29. What special image did al-Kaisi claim was discovered upon al-Ma'mun's entry?
A) A golden statue of a falcon
B) An image of a man in green stone
C) A crystal carving of a cat
D) A silver plaque of a sun god
  • 30. What was the body found inside al-Kaisi's green stone image dressed in?
A) Jewel-encrusted gold armour
B) A silk robe embroidered with stars
C) Simple white linen wrappings
D) Copper chainmail
  • 31. During whose vizierate was another attempt to enter the pyramid recorded and later abandoned?
A) al-Afdal Shahanshah
B) Al-Maqrizi
C) Surid Ibn Salhouk
D) al-Ma'mun
  • 32. Why was the entry attempt during the vizierate of al-Afdal Shahanshah abandoned?
A) They found a massive stone wall blocking the way
B) The vizier ordered them to stop due to bad omens
C) They ran out of oil for their lamps
D) A member of the party was lost in the passages
  • 33. Who was the Arab polymath that studied the pyramid with great care and wrote Account of Egypt?
A) al-Masudi
B) al-Kaisi
C) Ibn al-Nadim
D) Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
  • 34. How did al-Baghdadi describe the pyramids in his writings?
A) Crude structures built by slaves
B) Follies of arrogant kings
C) Useless heaps of rubble
D) Works of engineering genius
  • 35. Who did al-Baghdadi think the Great Pyramid was used to bury?
A) Joseph or Pharaoh
B) Agathodaimon or Hermes
C) Surid or Moses
D) Pliny or Thales
  • 36. Which Islamic historian compiled lore about the Great Pyramid in his Al-Khitat?
A) al-Masudi
B) al-Baghdadi
C) al-Kaisi
D) Al-Maqrizi
  • 37. What specific object did Al-Maqrizi discuss in the coffin chambers to reassert that the pyramid was a grave?
A) The sarcophagus
B) A burial stele
C) A stone altar
D) A golden urn
  • 38. Which ninth-century figure disagreed with the notion that the pyramids were granaries, asserting they were solid tombs?
A) Egeria
B) Stephanos of Byzantium
C) Julius Honorius
D) Dionysius I Telmaharoyo
  • 39. What reputation had the Great Pyramid gained by the Late Middle Ages?
A) A hidden treasury
B) A holy sanctuary
C) A royal palace
D) A haunted structure
  • 40. Why did some people fear entering the Great Pyramid during the Late Middle Ages, besides it being haunted?
A) It was guarded by local bandits
B) It was filled with poisonous gas
C) It was plagued by rising floodwaters
D) It was home to animals like bats
  • 41. What is the Great Pyramid of Giza in relation to the Giza pyramid complex?
A) The only remaining temple
B) The newest monument
C) The most famous landmark
D) The smallest structure
  • 42. Whose tomb did the Great Pyramid serve as?
A) Pharaoh Khufu
B) Pharaoh Khafre
C) Pharaoh Ramesses II
D) Pharaoh Menkaure
  • 43. During which dynasty did Pharaoh Khufu rule?
A) Twelfth Dynasty
B) Fourth Dynasty
C) First Dynasty
D) Eighteenth Dynasty
  • 44. During which historical kingdom did Khufu rule?
A) Old Kingdom
B) Late Period
C) New Kingdom
D) Middle Kingdom
  • 45. What was the initial height of the Great Pyramid?
A) 135.0 metres
B) 120.5 metres
C) 160.2 metres
D) 146.6 metres
  • 46. What material was removed over time from the exterior of the pyramid?
A) Red granite blocks
B) Sandstone bricks
C) Smooth white limestone casing
D) Basalt paving stones
  • 47. What is the current height of the Great Pyramid?
A) 146.6 metres
B) 125.0 metres
C) 138.5 metres
D) 150.4 metres
  • 48. What is the approximate volume of the Great Pyramid, including an internal hillock?
A) 1.1 million cubic metres
B) 6.0 million cubic metres
C) 2.6 million cubic metres
D) 4.5 million cubic metres
  • 49. What was the seked of the Great Pyramid?
A) 4+1/2 palms
B) 7 palms
C) 3 palms
D) 5+1/2 palms
  • 50. What was the slope of the Great Pyramid?
A) 55°00'00"
B) 60°30'15"
C) 51°50'40"
D) 45°10'20"
  • 51. What was the total weight of the blocks used to build the Great Pyramid?
A) 6 million tonnes
B) 10 million tonnes
C) 500,000 tonnes
D) 2 million tonnes
  • 52. What was used to bind the outside layers together?
A) Mud slurry without lime
B) Wooden dowels
C) Iron clamps
D) Mortar
  • 53. Where did the white limestone for the casing come from?
A) Aswan
B) Luxor
C) Tura
D) Giza
  • 54. Where did the blocks of granite for the 'King's Chamber' come from?
A) Tura
B) Aswan
C) Memphis
D) Thebes
  • 55. Where was the lowest chamber of the Great Pyramid cut?
A) Into the outer casing
B) Into the apex
C) Into the bedrock
D) Into a separate detached shrine
  • 56. Who is believed by some to be the architect of the Great Pyramid?
A) Senenmut
B) Hemiunu
C) Imhotep
D) Amenhotep
  • 57. What is the status of scientific and alternative hypotheses regarding the pyramid's construction techniques?
A) They have been completely rejected by modern archaeology
B) There is no definite consensus
C) They are universally agreed upon by all experts
D) They have been fully proven by written records
  • 58. What connected the two mortuary temples in the funerary complex?
A) An underground tunnel
B) A grand staircase
C) A causeway
D) A stone bridge
  • 59. What type of smaller pyramid was included alongside the wives' pyramids?
A) A satellite pyramid
B) An obelisk pyramid
C) A sun temple pyramid
D) A memorial cenotaph pyramid
  • 60. How many solar barques were buried in the funerary complex?
A) Five
B) Two
C) Three
D) Seven
  • 61. In which country is the Giza pyramid complex located?
A) Sudan
B) Libya
C) Jordan
D) Egypt
  • 62. What specific name is given to the pyramid's second above-ground chamber containing a sarcophagus?
A) King's Chamber
B) Subterranean Crypt
C) Queen's Chamber
D) Pharaoh's Vault
  • 63. What specific name is given to the pyramid's first above-ground chamber mentioned in the text?
A) Vizier's Room
B) King's Chamber
C) Queen's Chamber
D) Bedrock Chamber
  • 64. According to the text, what was valued highly by the ancient Egyptians?
A) Death
B) Life
C) Inscriptions
D) Equality
  • 65. In ancient Egypt, what was considered absolutely positive?
A) Monumental equality
B) Uninscribed chambers
C) High social status
D) Small mastabas
  • 66. What symbolized monumental social inequalities in ancient Egypt?
A) Royal decrees versus work-gang graffiti
B) Gold sarcophagi versus wooden coffins
C) Gigantic pyramids versus smaller mastabas
D) Temples versus valley shrines
  • 67. Around what year was the Great Pyramid constructed?
A) 2400 BC
B) 1442 BC
C) 2600 BC
D) 1364 BC
  • 68. What event was the pyramid temple dedicated to?
A) The First Intermediate Period
B) The mortuary cult's creation
C) The sealing of the boat pits
D) The Sed festival
  • 69. Which temple remains largely unexcavated according to the text?
A) The valley temple
B) The pyramid temple
C) The mortuary temple
D) The Sed festival temple
  • 70. What was the lifespan of Al-Maqrizi mentioned in the text?
A) 1200–1300 AD
B) 1500–1580 AD
C) 2600–2500 BC
D) 1364–1442
  • 71. What type of graffiti is found in the internal chambers of the Great Pyramid?
A) List of offerings for the mortuary cult
B) Instructions on how to build pyramids
C) Text describing the Sed festival
D) Work-gang graffiti that include Khufu's names
  • 72. During which historical period were people like Joseph, Nimrod, and Saurid ibn Salhouk credited with constructing the pyramid?
A) Classical antiquity
B) The Middle Ages
C) The 20th century
D) The New Kingdom
  • 73. In what year were four additional relieving chambers found above the King's Chamber?
A) 1954
B) 2013
C) 1837
D) 1936
  • 74. What color of paint was used for the hieroglyphs covering the newly found relieving chambers in 1837?
A) Blue paint
B) Black paint
C) Red paint
D) White paint
  • 75. Who found another worker graffiti on an exterior block of the 4th layer of the pyramid?
A) Herodotus
B) Goyon
C) Hassan
D) Merer
  • 76. What is the latest pharaonic name found on seal impressions in the cemeteries?
A) Djedefre
B) Khafre
C) Khufu
D) Pepi II
  • 77. What type of chronology is the historical chronology of Egypt primarily considered to be?
A) Agricultural chronology
B) Astronomical chronology
C) Political chronology
D) Economic chronology
  • 78. The historical chronology of Egypt is independent from which type of evidence?
A) Radiocarbon dating
B) Reign lengths
C) Genealogical data
D) Ancient king lists
  • 79. How many samples of mortar were taken in total in 1984 and 1995 for radiocarbon dating?
A) 100
B) 12
C) 30
D) 46
  • 80. Who opened the lower pair of 'Air-Shafts' in 1872 by chiseling holes into the walls?
A) Waynman Dixon
B) Khufu
C) Abeer Eladany
D) James Grant
  • 81. What object was found within the air-shafts that later came into the possession of James Grant?
A) Bronze hook
B) Stone mallet
C) Cedar plank
D) Papyrus fragment
  • 82. In what year was the cedar plank donated to the Museum of Aberdeen?
A) 1872
B) 1946
C) 1984
D) 2020
  • 83. In what year was the lost cedar plank rediscovered in the museum collection?
A) 1995
B) 2020
C) 1872
D) 1946
  • 84. Who suggested that the cedar plank originated from the center of a long-lived tree or had been recycled?
A) Khufu
B) James Grant
C) Abeer Eladany
D) Waynman Dixon
  • 85. Which Greek historian erroneously placed the reign of Cheops following the Ramesside period?
A) Greaves
B) Ramsey
C) Manetho
D) Herodotus
  • 86. Who composed an extensive list of Egyptian kings divided into dynasties around 200 years after Herodotus?
A) Cheops
B) Souphis
C) Manetho
D) Greaves
  • 87. To which dynasty did Manetho assign Khufu?
A) 12th
B) 4th
C) 1st
D) 20th
  • 88. Into what name did 'Cheops' transform due to phonetic changes in the Egyptian language and Greek translation?
A) Herodotus
B) Greaves
C) Souphis
D) Ramesses
  • 89. In what year did Greaves report the great difficulty of ascertaining a date for the pyramid's construction?
A) 1950
B) 1837
C) 1646
D) 450 BC
  • 90. What preconceived religious notion influenced Egyptologists' dating of the pyramid?
A) Creationism
B) The Exodus
C) The afterlife
D) The biblical deluge
  • 91. What problem in plant material, including wood, affects the accuracy of radiocarbon dating?
A) Radiation exposure
B) Chemical decay
C) Inbuilt age
D) Mineral absorption
  • 92. Besides radiocarbon dating, what alignments have been suggested to coincide with the time of construction?
A) Magnetic alignments
B) Astronomical alignments
C) Geological alignments
D) Solar alignments
  • 93. How many radiocarbon samples were included in the model by Ramsey et al.?
A) Exactly 100
B) Under 50
C) Over 1000
D) Over 200
  • 94. Which of the following disciplines is NOT explicitly mentioned as being factored into refined Egyptian chronology?
A) Radiocarbon dating
B) Luminescence dating
C) Dendrochronology
D) Geomancy
  • 95. In which book of his work 'The Histories' does Herodotus discuss the history of Egypt and the Great Pyramid?
A) The third book
B) The second book
C) The fourth book
D) The first book
  • 96. What is the Hellenized name of Khufu used in the text?
A) Cheops
B) Mycerinus
C) Sesostris
D) Chephren
  • 97. How long was each shift for the labourers working on the pyramid, according to Herodotus?
A) Six-month shifts
B) Three-month shifts
C) One-year shifts
D) One-month shifts
  • 98. What was the width of the causeway mentioned by Herodotus?
A) 20 yards
B) 100 yards
C) 10 yards
D) 50 yards
  • 99. To what height was the causeway elevated?
A) 32 yards
B) 25 yards
C) 8 yards
D) 16 yards
  • 100. What feature does Hawass interpret as the reference to Herodotus's mention of the Nile flowing to an island?
A) The 'Osiris Shaft'
B) The Valley Temple
C) The boat pits
D) The Sphinx temple
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