Mexico becomes a Republic
- 1. The transformation of Mexico into a republic was a landmark event that marked the shift from colonial rule to a sovereign nation. This pivotal moment began with the struggle for independence from Spanish colonial domination, which was ignited by figures such as Miguel Hidalgo and José María Morelos in the early 19th century. After a protracted struggle that lasted over a decade, Mexico finally achieved its independence in 1821, but the journey towards establishing a stable republican government was fraught with challenges. The country faced internal conflicts, political instability, and foreign interventions, notably from France and the United States. In 1824, the first republican constitution was adopted, establishing a federal republic, yet Mexico experienced a series of coups and changes in leadership, characterized by the tensions between conservative and liberal factions. It wasn't until the mid-19th century, through the reforms led by liberal leaders such as Benito Juárez, that the foundations of a modern republican state began to take shape. The struggle culminated in the establishment of a secular state with a focus on civil rights and the separation of church and state. Mexico's journey to becoming a republic was not just a political transformation, but a societal one, as it sought to redefine the identity and governance of the nation, setting the stage for the complex history that would follow in the years to come.
Who was the first president of Mexico?
A) Miguel Hidalgo
B) Porfirio Díaz
C) Benito Juárez
D) Guadalupe Victoria
- 2. In what year did Mexico officially become a republic?
A) 1824
B) 1836
C) 1810
D) 1855
- 3. Which document established Mexico as a federal republic?
A) Constitution of 1824
B) Grito de Dolores
C) Treaty of Córdoba
D) Plan de Iguala
- 4. Who was the leader of the Mexican War of Independence?
A) Miguel Hidalgo
B) Antonio López de Santa Anna
C) Vicente Guerrero
D) Emiliano Zapata
- 5. Which foreign power invaded Mexico in the mid-19th century, leading to the French intervention?
A) France
B) England
C) Spain
D) United States
- 6. Which Mexican leader is known for implementing the Ley Juárez reforms?
A) Victoriano Huerta
B) Maximilian I
C) Benito Juárez
D) Porfirio Díaz
- 7. Who was the Austrian ruler installed as Emperor of Mexico by the French?
A) Maximilian I
B) Agustín de Iturbide
C) Ignacio Comonfort
D) Carlota of Mexico
- 8. What was the name of the treaty that ended the Mexican-American War?
A) Treaty of Córdoba
B) Treaty of Paris
C) Treaty of Veracruz
D) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
- 9. Which political party did Porfirio Díaz belong to?
A) National Action Party
B) Liberal Party
C) Institutional Revolutionary Party
D) Socialist Party of Mexico
- 10. Which Mexican artist painted a series of murals depicting the country's history, including the Mexican revolution?
A) Frida Kahlo
B) José Clemente Orozco
C) Diego Rivera
D) David Alfaro Siqueiros
- 11. Who was the last president of Mexico from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) before its 71-year rule ended?
A) Enrique Peña Nieto
B) Miguel de la Madrid
C) Felipe Calderón
D) Carlos Salinas de Gortari
- 12. Who is considered the 'Father of the Mexican Constitution' of 1917?
A) Álvaro Obregón
B) Plutarco Elías Calles
C) Venustiano Carranza
D) Adolfo de la Huerta
- 13. Which country provided military assistance to Mexico during its struggle for independence?
A) France
B) Germany
C) Spain
D) United States
- 14. Who was a notable leader of the Mexican Revolution against Porfirio Diaz's dictatorship?
A) Francisco Madero
B) Venustiano Carranza
C) Emiliano Zapata
D) Pancho Villa
- 15. What was the ideology behind the Reform movement in Mexico in the 19th century?
A) Socialism
B) Conservatism
C) Communism
D) Liberalism
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