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Fish diseases and parasites - Quiz
Contributed by: Kent
  • 1. What is the common name for the parasite Gyrodactylus salaris?
A) Leech
B) Salmon fluke
C) Tapeworm
D) Sea lice
  • 2. In what year was Gyrodactylus salaris reported to have spread from Norwegian hatcheries?
A) 1972
B) 1984
C) 2002
D) 1990
  • 3. What type of organism is Gyrodactylus salaris?
A) Bacterium
B) Monogenean parasite
C) Virus
D) Copepod
  • 4. When was infectious salmon anemia (ISAV) first discovered in Norway?
A) 1995
B) 1984
C) 1972
D) 2002
  • 5. What kind of disease is ISAV?
A) Fungal
B) Parasitic
C) Viral
D) Bacterial
  • 6. What is required by the European Commission if ISAV is confirmed on a farm?
A) Vaccination of remaining fish
B) Isolation of infected individuals
C) Use of antibiotics
D) Total eradication of the entire fish stock
  • 7. Which of the following is an external symptom of ISAV in salmon?
A) Swollen fins
B) Pale gills
C) Excessive mucus production
D) Dark patches on the skin
  • 8. Why can fish red blood cells be infected by viruses, unlike mammals?
A) They are larger
B) They have a different cell membrane
C) They contain DNA
D) They are not part of the immune system
  • 9. What behavior might an ISAV-infected salmon exhibit?
A) Refusing to move at all
B) Gulping for air near the water surface
C) Hiding at the bottom of the tank
D) Aggressive swimming
  • 10. Which of these is a management strategy for ISAV mentioned in the text?
A) Developing a vaccine
B) Adding iodine to the water
C) Selective breeding for size
D) Increased water temperature
  • 11. What keeps diseases and parasites at low levels in the wild?
A) Constant movement of the fish
B) Natural predation on weakened individuals
C) Low fish population density
D) The high salt content of the ocean
  • 12. What is the primary factor that turns parasites into epidemics in farmed fish?
A) The use of artificial feed
B) Lack of sunlight
C) Crowded net pens
D) Cold water temperatures
  • 13. Which species is linked to the spread of parasitic sea lice from river salmon farms?
A) Rainbow trout
B) Wild pink salmon
C) Arctic char
D) Atlantic salmon
  • 14. What are often used to control diseases and parasites in farmed salmon?
A) Antibiotics and pesticides
B) Probiotics
C) Herbal supplements
D) Natural oils
  • 15. What is a characteristic of coral reef fish mentioned in the text?
A) Low parasite resistance
B) Uniform body size
C) High biodiversity
D) Migratory behavior
  • 16. Which group of organisms includes parasites like cestodes and digeneans found in coral reef fish?
A) Platyhelminthes
B) Nematodes
C) Crustaceans
D) Myxosporidia
  • 17. Which of these is a crustacean parasite found in coral reef fish?
A) Leeches
B) Monogeneans
C) Isopods
D) Nematodes
  • 18. What does the term 'heteroxenous' mean regarding parasites?
A) They are free-living in the ocean
B) They do not require a host to reproduce
C) They only infect one host species
D) They have several hosts
  • 19. What is the mean number of parasite species found per coral reef fish species?
A) About thirty
B) About five
C) About ten
D) About fifty
  • 20. What is the potential consequence of the extinction of a coral reef fish species for its parasites?
A) Rapid multiplication
B) Migration to different reefs
C) Co-extinction
D) Adaptation to new hosts
  • 21. What organism is responsible for the mass die-offs in shallow marine waters described in the text?
A) Caligus clemensi
B) Pfiesteria piscicida
C) Henneguya salminicola
D) Lepeophtheirus salmonis
  • 22. What environmental factor increases the rate at which Pfiesteria piscicida kills occur?
A) Cooler ocean temperatures
B) Organically polluted land runoff
C) Increased salinity levels
D) Decreased fish population density
  • 23. What substance is secreted by Pfiesteria piscicida zoospores once they begin to feed on fish?
A) A paralyzing pheromone
B) Adhesive mucus
C) Neurotoxin
D) Digestive enzymes
  • 24. Where is the protozoan parasite Henneguya salminicola typically found within salmonids?
A) In the blood stream
B) In the flesh
C) On the external skin
D) In the gills only
  • 25. How does a salmon typically respond to a Henneguya salminicola infection?
A) By walling off the infection into cysts
B) By shedding the affected skin
C) By producing antibodies to kill the parasite
D) By increasing mucus production to flush out the parasite
  • 26. According to the text, what is the second host for the parasite Henneguya salminicola?
A) A larger predatory fish
B) Marine mammals
C) An invertebrate
D) A predatory bird
  • 27. Which salmon species is most commonly infected by Henneguya salminicola due to its long freshwater residence time?
A) Coho
B) Chinook
C) Sockeye
D) Pink
  • 28. Is Henneguya salminicola considered a public health risk to humans?
A) Yes, it is a dangerous zoonotic pathogen
B) Yes, if the fish is consumed raw
C) Yes, it can cause skin infections in humans
D) No, it is harmless to warm-blooded animals
  • 29. What is the approximate mortality rate of pink salmon induced by lice in some regions of Canada's Pacific coast?
A) Exactly 50%
B) Over 80%
C) Less than 10%
D) Approximately 25%
  • 30. Which of the following is identified as a species of sea lice?
A) Henneguya salminicola
B) Caligus rogercresseyi
C) Pfiesteria piscicida
D) Myxosporean trout-fly
  • 31. Which genus is known for the bluestreak cleaner wrasse?
A) Scomber
B) Mola
C) Labroides
D) Etroplus
  • 32. Which cichlid species acts as a cleaner fish for Etroplus suratensis?
A) Etroplus maculatus
B) Labroides dimidiatus
C) Oreochromis niloticus
D) Pterophyllum scalare
  • 33. Approximately how many parasite species can reside on an ocean sunfish?
A) Exactly 10
B) More than 40
C) Over 100
D) Less than 5
  • 34. In temperate regions, what environment do sunfish visit to find cleaner fish?
A) Coral reefs
B) Deep sea thermal vents
C) Drifting kelp fields
D) Mangrove forests
  • 35. Which disease affects koi fish?
A) Koi herpes virus
B) Streptococcosis
C) Furunculosis
D) Lactococcosis
  • 36. Which parasite is found in the ovary of the female Blacktip grouper?
A) Gyrodactylus salaris
B) Huffmanela ossicola
C) Philometra fasciati
D) Paravortex
  • 37. Where does Huffmanela ossicola live?
A) In the swim bladder
B) In the stomach
C) On the skin surface
D) Within the gill bone
  • 38. Which parasite is known for functionally replacing the tongue of a fish?
A) Didymozoid trematode
B) Cymothoa exigua
C) Gnathiid isopod
D) Paravortex
  • 39. What is an example of an external fish parasite?
A) Paravortex
B) Huffmanela ossicola
C) Philometra fasciati
D) Monogeneans
  • 40. Which condition is a common disease in new aquariums that are immediately stocked to capacity?
A) Ammonia poisoning
B) Granulocyte depletion
C) T-cell stagnation
D) Lymphoid deficiency
  • 41. What is absent in jawless fish like lampreys and hagfish?
A) Gut tissue
B) Anterior kidneys
C) True lymphoid organs
D) Macrophages
  • 42. Which organ in cartilaginous fish is considered their most important immune organ?
A) Epigonal organ
B) Spleen
C) Spiral valve
D) Leydig's organ
  • 43. Where is a major site for granulocyte production in chondrostean fish?
A) The spleen
B) A mass associated with the meninges
C) The heart
D) The anterior kidney
  • 44. In teleost fish, which cell type is primarily found in the thymus?
A) Granulocytes
B) Neutrophils
C) Lymphocytes
D) Erythrocytes
  • 45. Which fish species was used to describe a lymphatic system similar to mammals in 2006?
A) Sturgeon
B) Shark
C) Hagfish
D) Zebrafish
  • 46. Where do erythrocytes and macrophages develop in chondrostean fish?
A) The thymus
B) The kidney
C) The meninges
D) The heart
  • 47. What organ surrounds the gonads in cartilaginous fish?
A) Leydig's organ
B) Spiral valve
C) Anterior kidney
D) Epigonal organs
  • 48. What is the common name for Myxobolus cerebralis?
A) Hemorrhagic septicemia
B) Whirling disease
C) Tapeworm infection
D) Roundworm disease
  • 49. At what temperature should fish be frozen for seven days to kill parasites?
A) -10 °C
B) -20 °C
C) -5 °C
D) 0 °C
  • 50. What percentage of wild salmon in the Seattle study had roundworm larvae?
A) 100%
B) 25%
C) 75%
D) 50%
  • 51. Which of these is a trematode or fluke parasite?
A) Myxobolus cerebralis
B) Clonorchis sinensis
C) Anisakis
D) Diphyllobothrium
  • 52. Which of these is a nematode or roundworm parasite?
A) Anisakis
B) Clonorchis sinensis
C) Myxobolus cerebralis
D) Diphyllobothrium
  • 53. Which of these is a cestode or tapeworm parasite?
A) Clonorchis sinensis
B) Diphyllobothrium
C) Viral hemorrhagic septicemia
D) Anisakis
  • 54. In which geographic region are parasitic infections from freshwater fish a serious problem?
A) Antarctica
B) Southeast Asia
C) Central Canada
D) Western Australia
  • 55. According to the text, how can parasite infections generally be avoided?
A) Washing with soap
B) Soaking in fresh water
C) Removing the skin only
D) Boiling, burning, or freezing
  • 56. What does a 2020 meta-analysis indicate regarding parasites in marine fish eaten uncooked?
A) They have been completely eradicated
B) No change since 1980
C) A decline since 1980
D) A sharp increase since 1980
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