- 1. What is the capital city of Papua New Guinea?
A) Port Moresby
B) Wellington
C) Suva
D) Noumea
- 2. Which continent is Papua New Guinea located in?
A) Asia
B) Africa
C) Europe
D) Oceania
- 3. What is the currency of Papua New Guinea?
A) Samoa tala
B) Philippine peso
C) Fijian dollar
D) Papua New Guinean kina
- 4. Who was the first Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea?
A) Peter O'Neill
B) Julius Chan
C) Mekere Morauta
D) Michael Somare
- 5. What is the Independence Day of Papua New Guinea?
A) January 1
B) September 16
C) April 23
D) July 4
- 6. What is the main religion practiced in Papua New Guinea?
A) Islam
B) Hinduism
C) Buddhism
D) Christianity
- 7. What is the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea?
A) Mount Kinabalu
B) Mount Hagen
C) Mount Giluwe
D) Mount Wilhelm
- 8. What is the staple food of Papua New Guinea?
A) Breadfruit
B) Quinoa
C) Rice
D) Sweet potato
- 9. Which sport is popular in Papua New Guinea?
A) Golf
B) Cricket
C) Rugby league
D) Tennis
- 10. Which country does Papua New Guinea share a land border with?
A) Indonesia
B) Fiji
C) Australia
D) Solomon Islands
- 11. What was the status of Papua New Guinea after World War I?
A) It came under Australian control, although it remained two distinct territories.
B) It was divided between Japan and Australia.
C) It was controlled by Germany.
D) It became an independent nation immediately.
- 12. When did Papua New Guinea become independent?
A) 1975
B) 1985
C) 1965
D) 1995
- 13. What type of government system does Papua New Guinea follow?
A) Monarchy without a parliament
B) Presidential system
C) Westminster system
D) Communist system
- 14. How many known spoken languages are there in Papua New Guinea?
A) 500
B) 1000
C) 840
D) 200
- 15. What is the percentage of the population living in urban centers as of 2023?
A) 14%
B) 75%
C) 25%
D) 50%
- 16. What languages serve as common languages in Papua New Guinea?
A) French and German
B) Hindi and Mandarin
C) English and Tok Pisin
D) Spanish and Portuguese
- 17. When was Christianity adopted as the official state religion of Papua New Guinea?
A) January 2000
B) March 2025
C) December 2010
D) June 1995
- 18. What percentage of the population are subsistence farmers in Papua New Guinea?
A) 60%
B) 25%
C) 10%
D) Nearly 40%
- 19. Who named the island 'New Guinea'?
A) British explorer James Cook
B) Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon
C) Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes
D) Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez
- 20. What is the etymological meaning of 'Guinea'?
A) 'Of the burnt face' or similar, in reference to dark skin.
B) 'Place of spices'
C) 'Land of gold'
D) 'Home of elephants'
- 21. What is the main economic activity for nearly 40% of Papua New Guinea's population?
A) Tourism
B) Subsistence farming
C) Manufacturing
D) Mining
- 22. When did the Austronesian-speaking peoples of the Lapita culture reach the Bismarck Archipelago?
A) Around 28,000 years ago
B) 500 BC
C) By 3,300 years ago
D) 10,000 years ago
- 23. Which European power influenced the Sultanate of Tidore in the 16th century?
A) The Portuguese
B) The British
C) The Dutch
D) The Spanish
- 24. What was a common feature of trading networks in maritime areas of New Guinea?
A) Goods moved long distances through local exchanges
B) Trade was limited to immediate neighboring villages
C) Language marked political allegiance
D) People frequently relocated along these routes
- 25. What social structure likely spread in Papua New Guinea due to the introduction of sweet potatoes?
A) Big man social structure
B) Feudal system
C) Chiefdoms
D) Tribal councils
- 26. Which colonial power annexed the western half of New Guinea in 1848?
A) France
B) Netherlands
C) Britain
D) Germany
- 27. In which year did Australia formally begin administering Papua as a territory?
A) 1921
B) 1906
C) 1888
D) 1914
- 28. Which language became established as a de facto official language under British and then Australian governance?
A) English
B) Tok Pisin
C) Motu
D) Hiri Motu
- 29. Who administered German New Guinea after its capture during World War I?
A) Australia
B) United States
C) Britain
D) Germany
- 30. When did Australia begin administering the former German New Guinea as a League of Nations mandate territory?
A) 1935
B) 1918
C) 9 May 1921
D) 1946
- 31. Where was gold discovered in Papua New Guinea during the 1920s?
A) Port Moresby
B) Mambare River
C) Madang
D) Bulolo
- 32. Which campaign marked a turning point in the Pacific War during World War II?
A) The Kokoda Track campaign
B) The Battle of Milne Bay
C) The Guadalcanal campaign
D) The Battle of Midway
- 33. In what year was New Guinea declared a United Nations trust territory under Australian governance?
A) 1949
B) 1951
C) 1946
D) 1964
- 34. When did Papuans become Australian citizens?
A) 1949
B) 1951
C) 1975
D) 1968
- 35. What was the first political party formed in Papua New Guinea?
A) Pangu Pati
B) Highlands Liberation Front
C) Bougainville Liberation Front
D) Papua Besena
- 36. Which company began mining exploration in Bougainville in 1964?
A) Glencore
B) Rio Tinto
C) BHP
D) Newcrest Mining
- 37. Who visited Papua New Guinea in 1969 and made self-rule an election issue?
A) Robert Menzies
B) Gough Whitlam
C) Malcolm Fraser
D) Paul Keating
- 38. When was self-governance instituted by the Whitlam government?
A) Mid-1975
B) Late 1973
C) Early 1974
D) Late 1976
- 39. Which territory declared its own independence shortly before Papua New Guinea's scheduled independence?
A) Morobe Province
B) West New Britain
C) Bougainville
D) East New Britain
- 40. In what year did Bougainville declare its independence from Papua New Guinea?
A) 2001
B) 1989
C) 2015
D) 1997
- 41. How many provinces does Papua New Guinea have?
A) Thirty
B) Fifteen
C) Ten
D) Twenty-two
- 42. Which region in Papua New Guinea is the smallest by size and population?
A) Bougainville
B) Manus
C) Morobe
D) East Sepik
- 43. What percentage of children had no vaccines in 2016 in Papua New Guinea?
A) 10%
B) 24%
C) 35%
D) 50%
- 44. What voting system is used in Papua New Guinea's elections?
A) Single Transferable Vote
B) First-Past-The-Post
C) Proportional Representation
D) Limited Preferential Vote (LPV)
- 45. How do regional politics in Papua New Guinea generally manifest outside of Bougainville?
A) As fully separatist
B) As federalist
C) As autonomist rather than separatist
D) As centralist
- 46. What type of land tenure is recognized by PNG law for indigenous peoples' traditional lands?
A) Freehold title
B) State lease
C) Customary land title
D) Private ownership
- 47. When was the Sorcery Act, which allowed sorcery as a defense for murder, repealed in Papua New Guinea?
A) 1999
B) 2005
C) 2013
D) 2018
- 48. What is the primary reason for difficulty in measuring economic growth in PNG?
A) High inflation rates
B) Currency instability
C) Lack of data
D) Resource-dependent economy distorting GDP
- 49. What is the primary administrative division in Papua New Guinea?
A) Districts
B) Local-Level Government areas
C) Provinces
D) Regions
- 50. What percentage of the population lived within eight hours of a government service center in Papua New Guinea?
A) One-third
B) Two-thirds
C) Over four-fifths
D) Half
- 51. What percentage of women were in polygynous relationships as of the data provided?
A) 18%
B) 10%
C) 30%
D) 25%
- 52. Which type of plant species is more similar to those of East Asia than Australasia in Papua New Guinea?
A) Orchid species
B) Animal species
C) Plant species
D) Fern species
- 53. Which river is navigable for about half of its length?
A) Purari River
B) Markham River
C) Sepik River
D) Fly River
- 54. What was the under-5 mortality rate per 1,000 births in Papua New Guinea?
A) 80
B) 69
C) 100
D) 50
- 55. What traditional currency is still used in parts of East New Britain Province?
A) Seashells
B) Gold coins
C) Copper rods
D) Cowrie shells
- 56. Which biogeographical area is Papua New Guinea part of?
A) Indomalaya
B) Malesia
C) Neotropics
D) Australasia
- 57. What was the estimated population of Papua New Guinea according to a UN report in December 2022?
A) 17 million
B) 8.95 million
C) 11.8 million
D) 9.5 million
- 58. What is a common practice among communities in the highlands during elections?
A) Random selection
B) Abstaining from voting
C) Voting for multiple candidates equally
D) Bloc voting
- 59. Which river system extends across the north of the mainland?
A) Sepik-Ramu
B) Fly River
C) Purari River
D) Markham River
- 60. Which denomination has the largest presence in Papua New Guinea?
A) The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea
B) The Catholic Church
C) The Seventh-day Adventist Church
D) Pentecostal denominations
- 61. What was the result of the 2019 Bougainville independence referendum?
A) The vote resulted in a tie
B) The referendum was postponed
C) Voters rejected independence by a large margin
D) Voters overwhelmingly voted for independence (98.31%)
- 62. What is the name of the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Papua New Guinea?
A) Kuk Early Agricultural Site
B) Sepik River Basin
C) Madang Cultural Site
D) Bougainville Peace Park
- 63. What was the dependency ratio in urban areas of Papua New Guinea in the late 2010s?
A) 50%
B) 83%
C) 70%
D) 64%
- 64. What percentage of known living species does Papua New Guinea contain?
A) Nearly 20%
B) Approximately 5%
C) About 15%
D) Around 10%
- 65. What is the most efficient and reliable means of transportation in PNG due to its terrain?
A) Road transport
B) Air travel
C) Railways
D) Domestic shipping
- 66. What percentage of PNG's electricity supply comes from renewable energy sources?
A) Two-thirds
B) One-third
C) Half
D) Quarter
- 67. What classification does the International Monetary Fund give to Papua New Guinea's economy?
A) Advanced
B) Underdeveloped
C) Emerging
D) Developing
- 68. In urban areas, what percentage of houses were connected to electricity in 2016?
A) 80%
B) 30%
C) 75%
D) 55%
- 69. What was the median age of marriage in Papua New Guinea as per the data provided?
A) 20
B) 18
C) 25
D) 22
- 70. What type of climate does Papua New Guinea generally have?
A) Tropical
B) Temperate
C) Continental
D) Desert
- 71. Which area of Papua New Guinea is geologically stable?
A) New Britain
B) Bougainville
C) Papuan Peninsula
D) Southwestern lowlands
- 72. Which sector employs the most people in Papua New Guinea?
A) Mining
B) Forestry
C) Oil and Gas
D) Agriculture
- 73. Which bird is a joint symbol of national identity in Papua New Guinea?
A) The bird-of-paradise
B) The cassowary
C) The cockatoo
D) The emu
- 74. What is the largest mine in Papua New Guinea?
A) Copper mine on Bougainville
B) Porgera Gold Mine
C) Lihir Island gold mine
D) Ok Tedi Mine
- 75. When did LNG exports begin in Papua New Guinea?
A) 2005
B) 2014
C) 2010
D) 2020
- 76. As of 2018, what percentage of PNG's GDP was made up by natural resource extraction?
A) 40%
B) 15%
C) 50%
D) 28%
- 77. Who replaced Peter O'Neill as Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea in May 2019?
A) Michael Somare
B) Julius Chan
C) James Marape
D) Peter Yama
- 78. What was the maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births in Papua New Guinea in 2008?
A) 340
B) 250
C) 300
D) 270
- 79. What percentage of Papua New Guinea's land area is covered by mountains?
A) At least 72%
B) 50%
C) 85%
D) 60%
- 80. Which sea lies to the west of the Torres Strait?
A) Coral Sea
B) Arafura Sea
C) Gulf of Papua
D) Solomon Sea
- 81. Which language is the most widely spoken indigenous language in Papua New Guinea?
A) Melpa
B) Hiri Motu
C) Tok Pisin
D) Enga
- 82. How many vascular plant species are thought to exist in Papua New Guinea?
A) Around 50,000
B) Approximately 10,000
C) Perhaps 30,000
D) About 20,000
- 83. According to the 2011 census, what percentage of Papua New Guineans identified as Christian?
A) 95.6%
B) 75.2%
C) 65.9%
D) 85.4%
- 84. Who is the monarch of Papua New Guinea?
A) Charles III
B) William IV
C) Elizabeth II
D) Victoria
- 85. Which of the following regions is not part of Papua New Guinea's biodiverse areas?
A) Coastal regions
B) Mountainous areas
C) Alpine plant communities
D) Different groups of islands
- 86. What was the literacy rate in Papua New Guinea as of 2015?
A) 70%
B) 55%
C) 63.4%
D) 50%
- 87. How many public universities are there in Papua New Guinea?
A) Two
B) Eight
C) Six
D) Four
- 88. Which region is the most populated in Papua New Guinea?
A) The southern region
B) The northern mainland
C) The Highlands
D) The Islands Region
- 89. What is the average maximum temperature in coastal areas of Papua New Guinea?
A) 23 °C (73 °F)
B) 26 °C (79 °F)
C) Around 32 °C (90 °F)
D) 18 °C (64 °F)
- 90. What was a significant economic development in Papua New Guinea starting in 2014?
A) The discovery of new oil reserves
B) Liquefied natural gas exports began.
C) Closure of the Ok Tedi Mine
D) Introduction of a new currency
- 91. How many international ports does Papua New Guinea have?
A) 10
B) 15
C) 30
D) 22
- 92. In which year did Papua New Guinea become a founding member of the Melanesian Spearhead Group?
A) 1990
B) 1988
C) 1986
D) 1987
- 93. What is the estimated number of insect species in Papua New Guinea?
A) 100,000
B) 150,000
C) 200,000
D) 50,000
- 94. What is the term used to describe party hopping in Papua New Guinea?
A) "Shuffle" politics
B) "Yo-yo" politics
C) "Swing" politics
D) "Flip-flop" politics
- 95. How are political parties in Papua New Guinea generally characterized?
A) They have long-lasting stability and structure
B) They focus on national issues over local representation
C) They are strongly ideologically differentiated
D) They reflect alliances between members rather than ideological differences
- 96. What is the largest lake in Papua New Guinea by area?
A) Lake Kutubu
B) Lake Tondano
C) Lake Telefomin
D) Lake Murray
- 97. As of 2016, what was the total fertility rate in Papua New Guinea?
A) 2.8
B) 3.5
C) 4.4
D) 5.0
- 98. Which province adopted Tok Pisin as its official language in 1976?
A) Port Moresby
B) Hiri Motu-dominated capital
C) Enga Province
D) East New Britain Province
- 99. How many doctors were there per 10,000 people in Papua New Guinea as of 2023?
A) 0.61
B) 0.25
C) 1.5
D) 2.0
- 100. Which international organization has Papua New Guinea applied for full membership status?
A) EU
B) African Union
C) NAFTA
D) ASEAN
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