- 1. What is the capital city of Papua New Guinea?
A) Wellington
B) Suva
C) Port Moresby
D) Noumea
- 2. Which continent is Papua New Guinea located in?
A) Europe
B) Africa
C) Asia
D) Oceania
- 3. What is the currency of Papua New Guinea?
A) Philippine peso
B) Samoa tala
C) Fijian dollar
D) Papua New Guinean kina
- 4. Who was the first Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea?
A) Julius Chan
B) Michael Somare
C) Mekere Morauta
D) Peter O'Neill
- 5. What is the Independence Day of Papua New Guinea?
A) July 4
B) April 23
C) January 1
D) September 16
- 6. What is the main religion practiced in Papua New Guinea?
A) Buddhism
B) Hinduism
C) Christianity
D) Islam
- 7. What is the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea?
A) Mount Wilhelm
B) Mount Hagen
C) Mount Giluwe
D) Mount Kinabalu
- 8. What is the staple food of Papua New Guinea?
A) Breadfruit
B) Sweet potato
C) Rice
D) Quinoa
- 9. Which sport is popular in Papua New Guinea?
A) Golf
B) Tennis
C) Rugby league
D) Cricket
- 10. Which country does Papua New Guinea share a land border with?
A) Australia
B) Fiji
C) Solomon Islands
D) Indonesia
- 11. What was the status of Papua New Guinea after World War I?
A) It came under Australian control, although it remained two distinct territories.
B) It was divided between Japan and Australia.
C) It became an independent nation immediately.
D) It was controlled by Germany.
- 12. When did Papua New Guinea become independent?
A) 1975
B) 1985
C) 1995
D) 1965
- 13. What type of government system does Papua New Guinea follow?
A) Communist system
B) Monarchy without a parliament
C) Presidential system
D) Westminster system
- 14. How many known spoken languages are there in Papua New Guinea?
A) 500
B) 200
C) 1000
D) 840
- 15. What is the percentage of the population living in urban centers as of 2023?
A) 75%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 14%
- 16. What languages serve as common languages in Papua New Guinea?
A) Hindi and Mandarin
B) English and Tok Pisin
C) Spanish and Portuguese
D) French and German
- 17. When was Christianity adopted as the official state religion of Papua New Guinea?
A) December 2010
B) March 2025
C) June 1995
D) January 2000
- 18. What percentage of the population are subsistence farmers in Papua New Guinea?
A) Nearly 40%
B) 10%
C) 25%
D) 60%
- 19. Who named the island 'New Guinea'?
A) British explorer James Cook
B) Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes
C) Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon
D) Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez
- 20. What is the etymological meaning of 'Guinea'?
A) 'Place of spices'
B) 'Of the burnt face' or similar, in reference to dark skin.
C) 'Land of gold'
D) 'Home of elephants'
- 21. What is the main economic activity for nearly 40% of Papua New Guinea's population?
A) Tourism
B) Manufacturing
C) Subsistence farming
D) Mining
- 22. When did the Austronesian-speaking peoples of the Lapita culture reach the Bismarck Archipelago?
A) By 3,300 years ago
B) 10,000 years ago
C) 500 BC
D) Around 28,000 years ago
- 23. Which European power influenced the Sultanate of Tidore in the 16th century?
A) The Spanish
B) The Portuguese
C) The Dutch
D) The British
- 24. What was a common feature of trading networks in maritime areas of New Guinea?
A) Goods moved long distances through local exchanges
B) People frequently relocated along these routes
C) Language marked political allegiance
D) Trade was limited to immediate neighboring villages
- 25. What social structure likely spread in Papua New Guinea due to the introduction of sweet potatoes?
A) Big man social structure
B) Feudal system
C) Chiefdoms
D) Tribal councils
- 26. Which colonial power annexed the western half of New Guinea in 1848?
A) Britain
B) France
C) Netherlands
D) Germany
- 27. In which year did Australia formally begin administering Papua as a territory?
A) 1888
B) 1906
C) 1914
D) 1921
- 28. Which language became established as a de facto official language under British and then Australian governance?
A) Motu
B) Tok Pisin
C) English
D) Hiri Motu
- 29. Who administered German New Guinea after its capture during World War I?
A) United States
B) Britain
C) Australia
D) Germany
- 30. When did Australia begin administering the former German New Guinea as a League of Nations mandate territory?
A) 1946
B) 1935
C) 9 May 1921
D) 1918
- 31. Where was gold discovered in Papua New Guinea during the 1920s?
A) Madang
B) Bulolo
C) Port Moresby
D) Mambare River
- 32. Which campaign marked a turning point in the Pacific War during World War II?
A) The Kokoda Track campaign
B) The Guadalcanal campaign
C) The Battle of Milne Bay
D) The Battle of Midway
- 33. In what year was New Guinea declared a United Nations trust territory under Australian governance?
A) 1964
B) 1946
C) 1951
D) 1949
- 34. When did Papuans become Australian citizens?
A) 1968
B) 1951
C) 1975
D) 1949
- 35. What was the first political party formed in Papua New Guinea?
A) Bougainville Liberation Front
B) Papua Besena
C) Pangu Pati
D) Highlands Liberation Front
- 36. Which company began mining exploration in Bougainville in 1964?
A) Newcrest Mining
B) BHP
C) Glencore
D) Rio Tinto
- 37. Who visited Papua New Guinea in 1969 and made self-rule an election issue?
A) Robert Menzies
B) Malcolm Fraser
C) Paul Keating
D) Gough Whitlam
- 38. When was self-governance instituted by the Whitlam government?
A) Late 1976
B) Early 1974
C) Mid-1975
D) Late 1973
- 39. Which territory declared its own independence shortly before Papua New Guinea's scheduled independence?
A) Bougainville
B) Morobe Province
C) East New Britain
D) West New Britain
- 40. In what year did Bougainville declare its independence from Papua New Guinea?
A) 2015
B) 2001
C) 1997
D) 1989
- 41. What was the result of the 2019 Bougainville independence referendum?
A) Voters overwhelmingly voted for independence (98.31%)
B) Voters rejected independence by a large margin
C) The referendum was postponed
D) The vote resulted in a tie
- 42. Who replaced Peter O'Neill as Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea in May 2019?
A) Michael Somare
B) Julius Chan
C) Peter Yama
D) James Marape
- 43. What was a significant economic development in Papua New Guinea starting in 2014?
A) Closure of the Ok Tedi Mine
B) The discovery of new oil reserves
C) Introduction of a new currency
D) Liquefied natural gas exports began.
- 44. Who is the monarch of Papua New Guinea?
A) Victoria
B) William IV
C) Charles III
D) Elizabeth II
- 45. What voting system is used in Papua New Guinea's elections?
A) Proportional Representation
B) First-Past-The-Post
C) Single Transferable Vote
D) Limited Preferential Vote (LPV)
- 46. What is the term used to describe party hopping in Papua New Guinea?
A) "Swing" politics
B) "Shuffle" politics
C) "Yo-yo" politics
D) "Flip-flop" politics
- 47. How are political parties in Papua New Guinea generally characterized?
A) They reflect alliances between members rather than ideological differences
B) They have long-lasting stability and structure
C) They are strongly ideologically differentiated
D) They focus on national issues over local representation
- 48. How do regional politics in Papua New Guinea generally manifest outside of Bougainville?
A) As fully separatist
B) As autonomist rather than separatist
C) As federalist
D) As centralist
- 49. What is a common practice among communities in the highlands during elections?
A) Bloc voting
B) Random selection
C) Voting for multiple candidates equally
D) Abstaining from voting
- 50. In which year did Papua New Guinea become a founding member of the Melanesian Spearhead Group?
A) 1986
B) 1987
C) 1988
D) 1990
- 51. Which international organization has Papua New Guinea applied for full membership status?
A) ASEAN
B) EU
C) NAFTA
D) African Union
- 52. When was the Sorcery Act, which allowed sorcery as a defense for murder, repealed in Papua New Guinea?
A) 1999
B) 2013
C) 2005
D) 2018
- 53. How many provinces does Papua New Guinea have?
A) Ten
B) Thirty
C) Fifteen
D) Twenty-two
- 54. Which region in Papua New Guinea is the smallest by size and population?
A) East Sepik
B) Manus
C) Morobe
D) Bougainville
- 55. Which sea lies to the west of the Torres Strait?
A) Gulf of Papua
B) Arafura Sea
C) Coral Sea
D) Solomon Sea
- 56. What percentage of Papua New Guinea's land area is covered by mountains?
A) 85%
B) At least 72%
C) 60%
D) 50%
- 57. Which river system extends across the north of the mainland?
A) Fly River
B) Markham River
C) Purari River
D) Sepik-Ramu
- 58. What is the largest lake in Papua New Guinea by area?
A) Lake Murray
B) Lake Tondano
C) Lake Kutubu
D) Lake Telefomin
- 59. What is the primary administrative division in Papua New Guinea?
A) Local-Level Government areas
B) Provinces
C) Districts
D) Regions
- 60. Which area of Papua New Guinea is geologically stable?
A) New Britain
B) Southwestern lowlands
C) Papuan Peninsula
D) Bougainville
- 61. What is the average maximum temperature in coastal areas of Papua New Guinea?
A) 23 °C (73 °F)
B) 26 °C (79 °F)
C) Around 32 °C (90 °F)
D) 18 °C (64 °F)
- 62. Which river is navigable for about half of its length?
A) Fly River
B) Sepik River
C) Markham River
D) Purari River
- 63. What type of climate does Papua New Guinea generally have?
A) Tropical
B) Temperate
C) Continental
D) Desert
- 64. What percentage of known living species does Papua New Guinea contain?
A) About 15%
B) Nearly 20%
C) Approximately 5%
D) Around 10%
- 65. How many vascular plant species are thought to exist in Papua New Guinea?
A) Approximately 10,000
B) About 20,000
C) Around 50,000
D) Perhaps 30,000
- 66. Which of the following regions is not part of Papua New Guinea's biodiverse areas?
A) Different groups of islands
B) Mountainous areas
C) Coastal regions
D) Alpine plant communities
- 67. Which biogeographical area is Papua New Guinea part of?
A) Malesia
B) Indomalaya
C) Neotropics
D) Australasia
- 68. What is the estimated number of insect species in Papua New Guinea?
A) 150,000
B) 200,000
C) 100,000
D) 50,000
- 69. Which type of plant species is more similar to those of East Asia than Australasia in Papua New Guinea?
A) Orchid species
B) Animal species
C) Fern species
D) Plant species
- 70. What classification does the International Monetary Fund give to Papua New Guinea's economy?
A) Advanced
B) Underdeveloped
C) Emerging
D) Developing
- 71. As of 2018, what percentage of PNG's GDP was made up by natural resource extraction?
A) 50%
B) 15%
C) 28%
D) 40%
- 72. Which sector employs the most people in Papua New Guinea?
A) Forestry
B) Mining
C) Oil and Gas
D) Agriculture
- 73. What is the primary reason for difficulty in measuring economic growth in PNG?
A) Lack of data
B) Currency instability
C) High inflation rates
D) Resource-dependent economy distorting GDP
- 74. What is the largest mine in Papua New Guinea?
A) Lihir Island gold mine
B) Porgera Gold Mine
C) Copper mine on Bougainville
D) Ok Tedi Mine
- 75. When did LNG exports begin in Papua New Guinea?
A) 2014
B) 2005
C) 2020
D) 2010
- 76. What is the most efficient and reliable means of transportation in PNG due to its terrain?
A) Air travel
B) Railways
C) Domestic shipping
D) Road transport
- 77. How many international ports does Papua New Guinea have?
A) 10
B) 30
C) 15
D) 22
- 78. What percentage of PNG's electricity supply comes from renewable energy sources?
A) Quarter
B) Two-thirds
C) Half
D) One-third
- 79. In urban areas, what percentage of houses were connected to electricity in 2016?
A) 55%
B) 80%
C) 30%
D) 75%
- 80. What type of land tenure is recognized by PNG law for indigenous peoples' traditional lands?
A) Customary land title
B) Freehold title
C) State lease
D) Private ownership
- 81. Which region is the most populated in Papua New Guinea?
A) The northern mainland
B) The southern region
C) The Highlands
D) The Islands Region
- 82. What was the estimated population of Papua New Guinea according to a UN report in December 2022?
A) 17 million
B) 11.8 million
C) 9.5 million
D) 8.95 million
- 83. How many doctors were there per 10,000 people in Papua New Guinea as of 2023?
A) 2.0
B) 0.61
C) 0.25
D) 1.5
- 84. What was the maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births in Papua New Guinea in 2008?
A) 300
B) 250
C) 340
D) 270
- 85. As of 2016, what was the total fertility rate in Papua New Guinea?
A) 4.4
B) 2.8
C) 5.0
D) 3.5
- 86. What percentage of the population lived within eight hours of a government service center in Papua New Guinea?
A) Half
B) Two-thirds
C) Over four-fifths
D) One-third
- 87. What was the literacy rate in Papua New Guinea as of 2015?
A) 50%
B) 63.4%
C) 55%
D) 70%
- 88. What was the dependency ratio in urban areas of Papua New Guinea in the late 2010s?
A) 70%
B) 50%
C) 64%
D) 83%
- 89. What was the under-5 mortality rate per 1,000 births in Papua New Guinea?
A) 50
B) 80
C) 69
D) 100
- 90. What percentage of women were in polygynous relationships as of the data provided?
A) 25%
B) 30%
C) 18%
D) 10%
- 91. What was the median age of marriage in Papua New Guinea as per the data provided?
A) 18
B) 22
C) 20
D) 25
- 92. What percentage of children had no vaccines in 2016 in Papua New Guinea?
A) 10%
B) 50%
C) 35%
D) 24%
- 93. How many public universities are there in Papua New Guinea?
A) Four
B) Eight
C) Six
D) Two
- 94. Which language is the most widely spoken indigenous language in Papua New Guinea?
A) Enga
B) Hiri Motu
C) Tok Pisin
D) Melpa
- 95. Which province adopted Tok Pisin as its official language in 1976?
A) Enga Province
B) Hiri Motu-dominated capital
C) East New Britain Province
D) Port Moresby
- 96. According to the 2011 census, what percentage of Papua New Guineans identified as Christian?
A) 95.6%
B) 85.4%
C) 75.2%
D) 65.9%
- 97. Which denomination has the largest presence in Papua New Guinea?
A) Pentecostal denominations
B) The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea
C) The Catholic Church
D) The Seventh-day Adventist Church
- 98. Which bird is a joint symbol of national identity in Papua New Guinea?
A) The cassowary
B) The cockatoo
C) The emu
D) The bird-of-paradise
- 99. What is the name of the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Papua New Guinea?
A) Sepik River Basin
B) Kuk Early Agricultural Site
C) Madang Cultural Site
D) Bougainville Peace Park
- 100. What traditional currency is still used in parts of East New Britain Province?
A) Cowrie shells
B) Gold coins
C) Copper rods
D) Seashells
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