- 1. What is the capital city of Papua New Guinea?
A) Suva
B) Port Moresby
C) Wellington
D) Noumea
- 2. Which continent is Papua New Guinea located in?
A) Africa
B) Oceania
C) Europe
D) Asia
- 3. What is the currency of Papua New Guinea?
A) Papua New Guinean kina
B) Philippine peso
C) Fijian dollar
D) Samoa tala
- 4. Who was the first Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea?
A) Julius Chan
B) Peter O'Neill
C) Michael Somare
D) Mekere Morauta
- 5. What is the Independence Day of Papua New Guinea?
A) April 23
B) September 16
C) July 4
D) January 1
- 6. What is the main religion practiced in Papua New Guinea?
A) Hinduism
B) Christianity
C) Buddhism
D) Islam
- 7. What is the highest mountain in Papua New Guinea?
A) Mount Wilhelm
B) Mount Kinabalu
C) Mount Giluwe
D) Mount Hagen
- 8. What is the staple food of Papua New Guinea?
A) Breadfruit
B) Quinoa
C) Rice
D) Sweet potato
- 9. Which sport is popular in Papua New Guinea?
A) Golf
B) Tennis
C) Rugby league
D) Cricket
- 10. Which country does Papua New Guinea share a land border with?
A) Australia
B) Solomon Islands
C) Fiji
D) Indonesia
- 11. What was the status of Papua New Guinea after World War I?
A) It became an independent nation immediately.
B) It was controlled by Germany.
C) It came under Australian control, although it remained two distinct territories.
D) It was divided between Japan and Australia.
- 12. When did Papua New Guinea become independent?
A) 1965
B) 1995
C) 1975
D) 1985
- 13. What type of government system does Papua New Guinea follow?
A) Westminster system
B) Presidential system
C) Monarchy without a parliament
D) Communist system
- 14. How many known spoken languages are there in Papua New Guinea?
A) 840
B) 200
C) 1000
D) 500
- 15. What is the percentage of the population living in urban centers as of 2023?
A) 75%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 14%
- 16. What languages serve as common languages in Papua New Guinea?
A) Spanish and Portuguese
B) English and Tok Pisin
C) Hindi and Mandarin
D) French and German
- 17. When was Christianity adopted as the official state religion of Papua New Guinea?
A) March 2025
B) June 1995
C) January 2000
D) December 2010
- 18. What percentage of the population are subsistence farmers in Papua New Guinea?
A) 60%
B) Nearly 40%
C) 25%
D) 10%
- 19. Who named the island 'New Guinea'?
A) British explorer James Cook
B) Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon
C) Spanish explorer Yñigo Ortiz de Retez
D) Portuguese explorer Jorge de Menezes
- 20. What is the etymological meaning of 'Guinea'?
A) 'Land of gold'
B) 'Of the burnt face' or similar, in reference to dark skin.
C) 'Place of spices'
D) 'Home of elephants'
- 21. What is the main economic activity for nearly 40% of Papua New Guinea's population?
A) Mining
B) Subsistence farming
C) Manufacturing
D) Tourism
- 22. When did the Austronesian-speaking peoples of the Lapita culture reach the Bismarck Archipelago?
A) 10,000 years ago
B) 500 BC
C) By 3,300 years ago
D) Around 28,000 years ago
- 23. Which European power influenced the Sultanate of Tidore in the 16th century?
A) The Portuguese
B) The British
C) The Spanish
D) The Dutch
- 24. What was a common feature of trading networks in maritime areas of New Guinea?
A) People frequently relocated along these routes
B) Language marked political allegiance
C) Goods moved long distances through local exchanges
D) Trade was limited to immediate neighboring villages
- 25. What social structure likely spread in Papua New Guinea due to the introduction of sweet potatoes?
A) Tribal councils
B) Chiefdoms
C) Feudal system
D) Big man social structure
- 26. Which colonial power annexed the western half of New Guinea in 1848?
A) Netherlands
B) Britain
C) France
D) Germany
- 27. In which year did Australia formally begin administering Papua as a territory?
A) 1914
B) 1921
C) 1888
D) 1906
- 28. Which language became established as a de facto official language under British and then Australian governance?
A) Hiri Motu
B) Motu
C) English
D) Tok Pisin
- 29. Who administered German New Guinea after its capture during World War I?
A) Britain
B) United States
C) Germany
D) Australia
- 30. When did Australia begin administering the former German New Guinea as a League of Nations mandate territory?
A) 1946
B) 9 May 1921
C) 1918
D) 1935
- 31. Where was gold discovered in Papua New Guinea during the 1920s?
A) Madang
B) Bulolo
C) Mambare River
D) Port Moresby
- 32. Which campaign marked a turning point in the Pacific War during World War II?
A) The Battle of Milne Bay
B) The Kokoda Track campaign
C) The Battle of Midway
D) The Guadalcanal campaign
- 33. In what year was New Guinea declared a United Nations trust territory under Australian governance?
A) 1951
B) 1946
C) 1949
D) 1964
- 34. When did Papuans become Australian citizens?
A) 1975
B) 1951
C) 1968
D) 1949
- 35. What was the first political party formed in Papua New Guinea?
A) Bougainville Liberation Front
B) Highlands Liberation Front
C) Pangu Pati
D) Papua Besena
- 36. Which company began mining exploration in Bougainville in 1964?
A) Rio Tinto
B) BHP
C) Newcrest Mining
D) Glencore
- 37. Who visited Papua New Guinea in 1969 and made self-rule an election issue?
A) Gough Whitlam
B) Malcolm Fraser
C) Paul Keating
D) Robert Menzies
- 38. When was self-governance instituted by the Whitlam government?
A) Early 1974
B) Late 1976
C) Mid-1975
D) Late 1973
- 39. Which territory declared its own independence shortly before Papua New Guinea's scheduled independence?
A) East New Britain
B) Bougainville
C) Morobe Province
D) West New Britain
- 40. In what year did Bougainville declare its independence from Papua New Guinea?
A) 1989
B) 2015
C) 2001
D) 1997
- 41. How many provinces does Papua New Guinea have?
A) Twenty-two
B) Ten
C) Fifteen
D) Thirty
- 42. Which region in Papua New Guinea is the smallest by size and population?
A) East Sepik
B) Manus
C) Bougainville
D) Morobe
- 43. What percentage of children had no vaccines in 2016 in Papua New Guinea?
A) 50%
B) 24%
C) 10%
D) 35%
- 44. What voting system is used in Papua New Guinea's elections?
A) Single Transferable Vote
B) Limited Preferential Vote (LPV)
C) Proportional Representation
D) First-Past-The-Post
- 45. How do regional politics in Papua New Guinea generally manifest outside of Bougainville?
A) As federalist
B) As fully separatist
C) As centralist
D) As autonomist rather than separatist
- 46. What type of land tenure is recognized by PNG law for indigenous peoples' traditional lands?
A) Customary land title
B) State lease
C) Private ownership
D) Freehold title
- 47. When was the Sorcery Act, which allowed sorcery as a defense for murder, repealed in Papua New Guinea?
A) 1999
B) 2018
C) 2013
D) 2005
- 48. What is the primary reason for difficulty in measuring economic growth in PNG?
A) High inflation rates
B) Lack of data
C) Resource-dependent economy distorting GDP
D) Currency instability
- 49. What is the primary administrative division in Papua New Guinea?
A) Districts
B) Local-Level Government areas
C) Regions
D) Provinces
- 50. What percentage of the population lived within eight hours of a government service center in Papua New Guinea?
A) Half
B) One-third
C) Over four-fifths
D) Two-thirds
- 51. What percentage of women were in polygynous relationships as of the data provided?
A) 18%
B) 30%
C) 25%
D) 10%
- 52. Which type of plant species is more similar to those of East Asia than Australasia in Papua New Guinea?
A) Fern species
B) Animal species
C) Orchid species
D) Plant species
- 53. Which river is navigable for about half of its length?
A) Fly River
B) Markham River
C) Purari River
D) Sepik River
- 54. What was the under-5 mortality rate per 1,000 births in Papua New Guinea?
A) 100
B) 50
C) 69
D) 80
- 55. What traditional currency is still used in parts of East New Britain Province?
A) Seashells
B) Cowrie shells
C) Gold coins
D) Copper rods
- 56. Which biogeographical area is Papua New Guinea part of?
A) Indomalaya
B) Australasia
C) Neotropics
D) Malesia
- 57. What was the estimated population of Papua New Guinea according to a UN report in December 2022?
A) 11.8 million
B) 17 million
C) 9.5 million
D) 8.95 million
- 58. What is a common practice among communities in the highlands during elections?
A) Bloc voting
B) Voting for multiple candidates equally
C) Random selection
D) Abstaining from voting
- 59. Which river system extends across the north of the mainland?
A) Markham River
B) Purari River
C) Fly River
D) Sepik-Ramu
- 60. Which denomination has the largest presence in Papua New Guinea?
A) The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Papua New Guinea
B) The Seventh-day Adventist Church
C) The Catholic Church
D) Pentecostal denominations
- 61. What was the result of the 2019 Bougainville independence referendum?
A) Voters rejected independence by a large margin
B) Voters overwhelmingly voted for independence (98.31%)
C) The vote resulted in a tie
D) The referendum was postponed
- 62. What is the name of the UNESCO World Heritage Site in Papua New Guinea?
A) Kuk Early Agricultural Site
B) Bougainville Peace Park
C) Madang Cultural Site
D) Sepik River Basin
- 63. What was the dependency ratio in urban areas of Papua New Guinea in the late 2010s?
A) 70%
B) 83%
C) 64%
D) 50%
- 64. What percentage of known living species does Papua New Guinea contain?
A) About 15%
B) Nearly 20%
C) Approximately 5%
D) Around 10%
- 65. What is the most efficient and reliable means of transportation in PNG due to its terrain?
A) Railways
B) Road transport
C) Domestic shipping
D) Air travel
- 66. What percentage of PNG's electricity supply comes from renewable energy sources?
A) Half
B) Quarter
C) Two-thirds
D) One-third
- 67. What classification does the International Monetary Fund give to Papua New Guinea's economy?
A) Developing
B) Advanced
C) Underdeveloped
D) Emerging
- 68. In urban areas, what percentage of houses were connected to electricity in 2016?
A) 55%
B) 75%
C) 30%
D) 80%
- 69. What was the median age of marriage in Papua New Guinea as per the data provided?
A) 25
B) 22
C) 20
D) 18
- 70. What type of climate does Papua New Guinea generally have?
A) Tropical
B) Temperate
C) Desert
D) Continental
- 71. Which area of Papua New Guinea is geologically stable?
A) Bougainville
B) Southwestern lowlands
C) Papuan Peninsula
D) New Britain
- 72. Which sector employs the most people in Papua New Guinea?
A) Forestry
B) Oil and Gas
C) Agriculture
D) Mining
- 73. Which bird is a joint symbol of national identity in Papua New Guinea?
A) The emu
B) The bird-of-paradise
C) The cassowary
D) The cockatoo
- 74. What is the largest mine in Papua New Guinea?
A) Porgera Gold Mine
B) Lihir Island gold mine
C) Copper mine on Bougainville
D) Ok Tedi Mine
- 75. When did LNG exports begin in Papua New Guinea?
A) 2005
B) 2010
C) 2020
D) 2014
- 76. As of 2018, what percentage of PNG's GDP was made up by natural resource extraction?
A) 15%
B) 50%
C) 28%
D) 40%
- 77. Who replaced Peter O'Neill as Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea in May 2019?
A) Michael Somare
B) James Marape
C) Peter Yama
D) Julius Chan
- 78. What was the maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births in Papua New Guinea in 2008?
A) 250
B) 300
C) 340
D) 270
- 79. What percentage of Papua New Guinea's land area is covered by mountains?
A) 60%
B) 50%
C) At least 72%
D) 85%
- 80. Which sea lies to the west of the Torres Strait?
A) Coral Sea
B) Arafura Sea
C) Solomon Sea
D) Gulf of Papua
- 81. Which language is the most widely spoken indigenous language in Papua New Guinea?
A) Enga
B) Melpa
C) Hiri Motu
D) Tok Pisin
- 82. How many vascular plant species are thought to exist in Papua New Guinea?
A) About 20,000
B) Around 50,000
C) Approximately 10,000
D) Perhaps 30,000
- 83. According to the 2011 census, what percentage of Papua New Guineans identified as Christian?
A) 95.6%
B) 85.4%
C) 65.9%
D) 75.2%
- 84. Who is the monarch of Papua New Guinea?
A) Victoria
B) William IV
C) Charles III
D) Elizabeth II
- 85. Which of the following regions is not part of Papua New Guinea's biodiverse areas?
A) Different groups of islands
B) Mountainous areas
C) Alpine plant communities
D) Coastal regions
- 86. What was the literacy rate in Papua New Guinea as of 2015?
A) 55%
B) 70%
C) 50%
D) 63.4%
- 87. How many public universities are there in Papua New Guinea?
A) Four
B) Six
C) Eight
D) Two
- 88. Which region is the most populated in Papua New Guinea?
A) The Islands Region
B) The northern mainland
C) The Highlands
D) The southern region
- 89. What is the average maximum temperature in coastal areas of Papua New Guinea?
A) 26 °C (79 °F)
B) Around 32 °C (90 °F)
C) 18 °C (64 °F)
D) 23 °C (73 °F)
- 90. What was a significant economic development in Papua New Guinea starting in 2014?
A) Closure of the Ok Tedi Mine
B) The discovery of new oil reserves
C) Introduction of a new currency
D) Liquefied natural gas exports began.
- 91. How many international ports does Papua New Guinea have?
A) 10
B) 22
C) 15
D) 30
- 92. In which year did Papua New Guinea become a founding member of the Melanesian Spearhead Group?
A) 1986
B) 1987
C) 1990
D) 1988
- 93. What is the estimated number of insect species in Papua New Guinea?
A) 50,000
B) 100,000
C) 150,000
D) 200,000
- 94. What is the term used to describe party hopping in Papua New Guinea?
A) "Swing" politics
B) "Shuffle" politics
C) "Yo-yo" politics
D) "Flip-flop" politics
- 95. How are political parties in Papua New Guinea generally characterized?
A) They reflect alliances between members rather than ideological differences
B) They are strongly ideologically differentiated
C) They focus on national issues over local representation
D) They have long-lasting stability and structure
- 96. What is the largest lake in Papua New Guinea by area?
A) Lake Tondano
B) Lake Telefomin
C) Lake Murray
D) Lake Kutubu
- 97. As of 2016, what was the total fertility rate in Papua New Guinea?
A) 2.8
B) 5.0
C) 3.5
D) 4.4
- 98. Which province adopted Tok Pisin as its official language in 1976?
A) East New Britain Province
B) Enga Province
C) Port Moresby
D) Hiri Motu-dominated capital
- 99. How many doctors were there per 10,000 people in Papua New Guinea as of 2023?
A) 2.0
B) 1.5
C) 0.61
D) 0.25
- 100. Which international organization has Papua New Guinea applied for full membership status?
A) African Union
B) NAFTA
C) ASEAN
D) EU
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