- 1. East and Central African history is a rich tapestry of cultures, traditions, and events that have shaped the region over centuries. From the ancient civilizations of Great Zimbabwe and Axum to the colonial legacy of European powers, this history is marked by diversity, resilience, and innovation. The trade routes of the Swahili Coast, the kingdoms of Buganda and Rwanda, and the struggles for independence all contribute to the complex narrative of East and Central Africa. This region has been a dynamic crossroads of peoples, ideas, and resources, leading to both cooperation and conflict. Today, the legacy of this history continues to influence the modern societies and politics of East and Central Africa.
Which African country was not colonized by European powers in the late 19th century?
A) Uganda
B) Tanzania
C) Ethiopia
D) Kenya
- 2. Who was the first President of Kenya?
A) Jomo Kenyatta
B) Julius Nyerere
C) Yoweri Museveni
D) Idi Amin
- 3. What is the capital city of Tanzania?
A) Nairobi
B) Kigali
C) Kampala
D) Dodoma
- 4. Who was the first Prime Minister of Uganda after independence?
A) Julius Nyerere
B) Idi Amin
C) Milton Obote
D) Yoweri Museveni
- 5. Which country was formerly known as Tanganyika?
A) Tanzania
B) Kenya
C) Uganda
D) Rwanda
- 6. In what year did Burundi gain independence from Belgium?
A) 1975
B) 1980
C) 1945
D) 1962
- 7. What was the primary trade commodity in the East African coast during the medieval period?
A) Gold
B) Silver
C) Ivory
D) Copper
- 8. Who was the dictator of Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo) for over three decades?
A) Mobutu Sese Seko
B) Joseph Kabila
C) Patrice Lumumba
D) Laurent Kabila
- 9. Which European power established the colony of German East Africa in the late 19th century?
A) Portugal
B) Germany
C) Britain
D) France
- 10. Who was the first President of Tanzania?
A) Julius Nyerere
B) Yoweri Museveni
C) Jomo Kenyatta
D) Mwai Kibaki
- 11. The Swahili language is a blend of Bantu languages and which other language?
A) Spanish
B) French
C) Arabic
D) English
- 12. What was the political ideology of Julius Nyerere, the first President of Tanzania?
A) Ujamaa
B) Communism
C) Capitalism
D) Apartheid
- 13. Who was the leader of Mozambique's independence movement and its first President?
A) Robert Mugabe
B) Idi Amin
C) Nelson Mandela
D) Samora Machel
- 14. In what year did Kenya gain independence from British colonial rule?
A) 1970
B) 1985
C) 1963
D) 1956
- 15. What was the capital of the Sultanate of Zanzibar?
A) Mombasa
B) Zanzibar City
C) Dar es Salaam
D) Lamu
- 16. Who succeeded Idi Amin as President of Uganda?
A) Yoweri Museveni
B) Milton Obote
C) Yusuf Lule
D) Julius Nyerere
- 17. Which country did Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania form in 1967, which later disbanded?
A) East African Community
B) Organization of African Unity
C) African Union
D) Commonwealth of Nations
- 18. What architectural wonder is located in Lalibela, Ethiopia?
A) Pyramids
B) Rock-Hewn Churches
C) Great Zimbabwe
D) Timbuktu Mosque
- 19. Which European explorer reached the shores of East Africa in the late 15th century?
A) Vasco da Gama
B) Christopher Columbus
C) James Cook
D) Ferdinand Magellan
- 20. Who was the leader of the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa during the fight against apartheid?
A) Haile Selassie
B) Nelson Mandela
C) Samora Machel
D) Robert Mugabe
- 21. Which European explorer was the first to reach Lake Victoria in the 19th century?
A) David Livingstone
B) John Hanning Speke
C) Henry Morton Stanley
D) Richard Burton
- 22. Which city is the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo?
A) Kinshasa
B) Nairobi
C) Kigali
D) Brazzaville
- 23. Which waterway connects Lake Victoria to the Mediterranean Sea?
A) Limpopo River
B) Zambezi River
C) Nile River
D) Congo River
- 24. What was the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe in the 11th century?
A) Lusaka
B) Great Zimbabwe
C) Mombasa
D) Kampala
- 25. What is the name of the indigenous people of Madagascar, believed to have originally come from Southeast Asia?
A) Malagasy
B) Zulu
C) Hausa
D) Kikuyu
- 26. Which Central African country was formerly known as the Belgian Congo?
A) Republic of the Congo
B) Angola
C) Gabon
D) Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 27. Who was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo after independence?
A) Julius Nyerere
B) Mobutu Sese Seko
C) Idi Amin
D) Patrice Lumumba
- 28. Who was the first African country to gain independence from European colonial rule?
A) Kenya
B) Ghana
C) South Africa
D) Nigeria
- 29. Lake Victoria, one of the African Great Lakes, is located in which East African country?
A) Mozambique
B) Angola
C) Sudan
D) Uganda
- 30. Who was the first President of Zambia after independence?
A) Frederick Chiluba
B) Hastings Banda
C) Rupiah Banda
D) Kenneth Kaunda
- 31. Which Central African country gained independence from France in 1960 under President Fulbert Youlou?
A) Gabon
B) Democratic Republic of the Congo
C) Angola
D) Republic of the Congo
- 32. In what year did Tanzania officially become a union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar?
A) 1980
B) 1964
C) 1956
D) 1975
- 33. Which Central African country was once a major slave-trading hub ruled by the powerful Yao tribe?
A) Chad
B) Sudan
C) Rwanda
D) Malawi
- 34. Who led the armed struggle for independence in Zimbabwe from British colonial rule?
A) Samora Machel
B) Robert Mugabe
C) Ian Smith
D) Nelson Mandela
- 35. Which rebellion against British colonial rule in Kenya was known for its militant tactics in the 1950s?
A) Madhist Revolt
B) Zanzibar Revolution
C) Mau Mau Uprising
D) Anglo-Zulu War
- 36. Which city served as the headquarters of the East African Community before its collapse in 1977?
A) Arusha
B) Dodoma
C) Kampala
D) Nairobi
- 37. Who was the leader of the Mau Mau uprising against British colonial rule in Kenya?
A) Jomo Kenyatta
B) Wangari Maathai
C) Dedan Kimathi
D) Mwai Kibaki
- 38. What is the Swahili word for 'freedom'?
A) Hakuna Matata
B) Uhuru
C) Harambee
D) Safari
- 39. Who was the leader of the failed Hutu revolution in Burundi in 1972?
A) Agathe Uwilingiyimana
B) Michel Micombero
C) Melchior Ndadaye
D) Cyprien Ntaryamira
- 40. In which century did the Portuguese first establish trading ports along the East African coast?
A) 19th century
B) 13th century
C) 15th century
D) 17th century
- 41. Which city served as the colonial capital of British East Africa and is now the capital of Kenya?
A) Dar es Salaam
B) Nairobi
C) Kampala
D) Arusha
- 42. Who was the first black African woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize?
A) Leymah Gbowee
B) Wangari Maathai
C) Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
D) Aung San Suu Kyi
- 43. Lake Turkana, formerly known as Lake Rudolf, is located in which country?
A) Kenya
B) Uganda
C) Ethiopia
D) Tanzania
- 44. The Great Zimbabwe ruins are a testament to the kingdom of which people?
A) Zulu
B) Khoikhoi
C) Swahili
D) Shona
- 45. Which lake in East Africa is the second deepest freshwater lake in the world?
A) Lake Malawi
B) Lake Victoria
C) Lake Turkana
D) Lake Tanganyika
- 46. In which year did Sudan gain independence from British rule?
A) 1956
B) 1960
C) 1945
D) 1973
- 47. Which leader led the successful independence movement in Ghana, formerly known as the Gold Coast?
A) Jomo Kenyatta
B) Kwame Nkrumah
C) Nelson Mandela
D) Patrice Lumumba
- 48. Who was the first woman to serve as president in Africa, leading Liberia in 2006?
A) Wangari Maathai
B) Aung San Suu Kyi
C) Joyce Banda
D) Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
- 49. Which East African city is famous for its Swahili architecture and history as a trading hub?
A) Mombasa
B) Dar es Salaam
C) Lamu
D) Kilwa Kisiwani
- 50. Which European colonial power controlled present-day Kenya during the late 19th century?
A) France
B) Portugal
C) Germany
D) Britain
- 51. Who was the dictator of Uganda known for his brutal regime in the 1970s and 80s?
A) Yoweri Museveni
B) Paul Kagame
C) Idi Amin
D) Milton Obote
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