- 1. Theoretical biology is an interdisciplinary field that applies mathematical and computational tools to study biological systems and processes. It aims to develop theoretical models and frameworks to understand complex biological phenomena, such as the dynamics of ecosystems, the behavior of cells, and the evolution of species. By using mathematical models, theoretical biologists can make predictions, test hypotheses, and gain insights into the underlying principles that govern living organisms. This field plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of biology and has applications in a wide range of areas, including genetics, ecology, and medicine.
Which scientist is known for proposing the theory of natural selection?
A) Alfred Russel Wallace
B) Charles Darwin
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Gregor Mendel
- 2. What is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment?
A) Ecology
B) Evolution
C) Genetics
D) Cell Biology
- 3. What is the basic unit of heredity?
A) Trait
B) Gene
C) Allele
D) Chromosome
- 4. Which of the following is a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
A) siRNA
B) tRNA
C) mRNA
D) rRNA
- 5. What type of bond holds complementary base pairs together in DNA?
A) Van der Waals bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Hydrogen bond
D) Covalent bond
- 6. What is the study of evolutionary history and relationships among organisms?
A) Developmental Biology
B) Molecular Biology
C) Paleontology
D) Phylogenetics
- 7. What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
A) Replicating DNA
B) Synthesizing DNA from an RNA template
C) Synthesizing RNA from a DNA template
D) Translating mRNA into protein
- 8. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?
A) Parasitism
B) Competition
C) Mutualism
D) Commensalism
- 9. What is the term for the random changes in allele frequencies in a population?
A) Natural selection
B) Genetic drift
C) Mutation
D) Gene flow
- 10. Which scientist proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium as an evolutionary model?
A) Richard Dawkins
B) Stephen Jay Gould
C) Carl Woese
D) Lynn Margulis
- 11. What is the study of the structure and function of biological macromolecules?
A) Immunology
B) Biochemistry
C) Neuroscience
D) Microbiology
- 12. Which type of symmetry is exhibited by animals that can be divided into mirror image halves along any plane?
A) Radial symmetry
B) Spherical symmetry
C) Bilateral symmetry
D) Asymmetry
- 13. Where does glycolysis, the initial step of cellular respiration, occur in eukaryotic cells?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Nucleus
D) Mitochondria
- 14. What is the term for the process where cells become specialized for specific functions?
A) Cell division
B) Cell differentiation
C) Embryogenesis
D) Cellular respiration
- 15. What is the purpose of evolutionary game theory in theoretical biology?
A) Studying behavior strategies in evolutionary contexts
B) Modeling weather patterns
C) Identifying plant species
D) Analyzing nuclear DNA
- 16. Which mathematical tool is commonly used in theoretical biology?
A) Photography.
B) Differential equations.
C) Genetic engineering.
D) Chemical titration.
- 17. What is meant by the term 'fitness' in theoretical biology?
A) Rate of cell division
B) Amount of exercise a person does
C) Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce
D) Size of an animal's habitat
- 18. Which scientist developed the concept of the selfish gene?
A) C. E.O. Wilson
B) B. Jane Goodall
C) D. Stephen Jay Gould
D) A. Richard Dawkins
- 19. What is the study of the interactions between genes and the environment?
A) Proteomics
B) Genomics
C) Epigenetics
D) Transcriptomics
- 20. What is bioinformatics in theoretical biology?
A) Study of plant anatomy
B) Measurement of water quality
C) Application of computational tools to biological data analysis
D) Classification of animal species
- 21. Which concept is central to evolutionary theory in theoretical biology?
A) Genetic drift
B) Artificial selection
C) Mutation rate
D) Natural selection
- 22. Which field of biology studies the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of infectious diseases?
A) Ichthyology
B) Botany
C) Entomology
D) Epidemiology
- 23. Which branch of theoretical biology focuses on the structure and functions of molecules within cells?
A) Molecular biology
B) Behavioral ecology
C) Population ecology
D) Community dynamics
- 24. Which of the following represents the correct order of biological organization from simplest to most complex?
A) Organism -> Tissue -> Cell -> Organ System
B) Tissue -> Organ System -> Cell -> Organism
C) Organ System -> Organ -> Cell -> Tissue
D) Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System
- 25. What is the term for the action of splitting a cell into two daughter cells?
A) Apoptosis
B) Meiosis
C) Mitosis
D) Cytokinesis
- 26. What is the main purpose of phylogenetics in theoretical biology?
A) Reconstructing evolutionary relationships between species
B) Studying climate change
C) Identifying cellular organelles
D) Quantifying energy flow in ecosystems
- 27. What does the Lotka-Volterra competition model describe?
A) Predator-prey relationships
B) Genetic mutations in a population
C) Gene regulatory networks
D) Interactions between species competing for limited resources
- 28. Which computational technique is often used in theoretical biology to simulate complex systems?
A) Drawing phylogenetic trees
B) Analyzing fossil records
C) Measuring protein structures
D) Agent-based modeling
- 29. What role does network theory play in theoretical biology?
A) Creating artificial organs
B) Analyzing complex interactions in biological systems
C) Studying mineral compositions
D) Measuring protein concentrations
- 30. What does the Lotka-Volterra model describe?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Genetic mutations
C) Predator-prey interactions
D) Cell division
- 31. What is a phenotypic trait in theoretical biology?
A) Internal genetic sequence
B) Age of the organism
C) Rate of cell division
D) Observable characteristic of an organism
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