- 1. Theoretical biology is an interdisciplinary field that applies mathematical and computational tools to study biological systems and processes. It aims to develop theoretical models and frameworks to understand complex biological phenomena, such as the dynamics of ecosystems, the behavior of cells, and the evolution of species. By using mathematical models, theoretical biologists can make predictions, test hypotheses, and gain insights into the underlying principles that govern living organisms. This field plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of biology and has applications in a wide range of areas, including genetics, ecology, and medicine.
Which scientist is known for proposing the theory of natural selection?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Alfred Russel Wallace
C) Charles Darwin
D) Gregor Mendel
- 2. What is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment?
A) Genetics
B) Cell Biology
C) Ecology
D) Evolution
- 3. What is the basic unit of heredity?
A) Trait
B) Allele
C) Chromosome
D) Gene
- 4. Which of the following is a type of RNA involved in protein synthesis?
A) siRNA
B) tRNA
C) mRNA
D) rRNA
- 5. What type of bond holds complementary base pairs together in DNA?
A) Covalent bond
B) Ionic bond
C) Van der Waals bond
D) Hydrogen bond
- 6. What is the study of evolutionary history and relationships among organisms?
A) Phylogenetics
B) Molecular Biology
C) Developmental Biology
D) Paleontology
- 7. What is the function of RNA polymerase in transcription?
A) Replicating DNA
B) Synthesizing DNA from an RNA template
C) Synthesizing RNA from a DNA template
D) Translating mRNA into protein
- 8. Which of the following is a type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?
A) Parasitism
B) Competition
C) Mutualism
D) Commensalism
- 9. What is the term for the random changes in allele frequencies in a population?
A) Natural selection
B) Genetic drift
C) Mutation
D) Gene flow
- 10. Which scientist proposed the theory of punctuated equilibrium as an evolutionary model?
A) Carl Woese
B) Lynn Margulis
C) Stephen Jay Gould
D) Richard Dawkins
- 11. What is the study of the structure and function of biological macromolecules?
A) Microbiology
B) Biochemistry
C) Neuroscience
D) Immunology
- 12. Which type of symmetry is exhibited by animals that can be divided into mirror image halves along any plane?
A) Bilateral symmetry
B) Radial symmetry
C) Asymmetry
D) Spherical symmetry
- 13. Where does glycolysis, the initial step of cellular respiration, occur in eukaryotic cells?
A) Mitochondria
B) Endoplasmic Reticulum
C) Cytoplasm
D) Nucleus
- 14. What is the term for the process where cells become specialized for specific functions?
A) Cellular respiration
B) Embryogenesis
C) Cell differentiation
D) Cell division
- 15. What is the purpose of evolutionary game theory in theoretical biology?
A) Identifying plant species
B) Studying behavior strategies in evolutionary contexts
C) Modeling weather patterns
D) Analyzing nuclear DNA
- 16. Which mathematical tool is commonly used in theoretical biology?
A) Photography.
B) Genetic engineering.
C) Differential equations.
D) Chemical titration.
- 17. What is meant by the term 'fitness' in theoretical biology?
A) Ability of an organism to survive and reproduce
B) Rate of cell division
C) Size of an animal's habitat
D) Amount of exercise a person does
- 18. Which scientist developed the concept of the selfish gene?
A) B. Jane Goodall
B) D. Stephen Jay Gould
C) A. Richard Dawkins
D) C. E.O. Wilson
- 19. What is the study of the interactions between genes and the environment?
A) Proteomics
B) Genomics
C) Transcriptomics
D) Epigenetics
- 20. What is bioinformatics in theoretical biology?
A) Application of computational tools to biological data analysis
B) Study of plant anatomy
C) Classification of animal species
D) Measurement of water quality
- 21. Which concept is central to evolutionary theory in theoretical biology?
A) Artificial selection
B) Natural selection
C) Mutation rate
D) Genetic drift
- 22. Which field of biology studies the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of infectious diseases?
A) Botany
B) Ichthyology
C) Epidemiology
D) Entomology
- 23. Which branch of theoretical biology focuses on the structure and functions of molecules within cells?
A) Population ecology
B) Molecular biology
C) Behavioral ecology
D) Community dynamics
- 24. Which of the following represents the correct order of biological organization from simplest to most complex?
A) Organ System -> Organ -> Cell -> Tissue
B) Tissue -> Organ System -> Cell -> Organism
C) Organism -> Tissue -> Cell -> Organ System
D) Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ System
- 25. What is the term for the action of splitting a cell into two daughter cells?
A) Mitosis
B) Cytokinesis
C) Apoptosis
D) Meiosis
- 26. What is the main purpose of phylogenetics in theoretical biology?
A) Identifying cellular organelles
B) Studying climate change
C) Quantifying energy flow in ecosystems
D) Reconstructing evolutionary relationships between species
- 27. What does the Lotka-Volterra competition model describe?
A) Interactions between species competing for limited resources
B) Predator-prey relationships
C) Genetic mutations in a population
D) Gene regulatory networks
- 28. Which computational technique is often used in theoretical biology to simulate complex systems?
A) Measuring protein structures
B) Drawing phylogenetic trees
C) Agent-based modeling
D) Analyzing fossil records
- 29. What role does network theory play in theoretical biology?
A) Analyzing complex interactions in biological systems
B) Measuring protein concentrations
C) Studying mineral compositions
D) Creating artificial organs
- 30. What does the Lotka-Volterra model describe?
A) Predator-prey interactions
B) Cell division
C) Genetic mutations
D) Photosynthesis
- 31. What is a phenotypic trait in theoretical biology?
A) Observable characteristic of an organism
B) Internal genetic sequence
C) Rate of cell division
D) Age of the organism
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