- 1. When did the Chernobyl Disaster occur?
A) October 11, 2000
B) March 28, 1979
C) April 26, 1986
D) August 15, 1991
- 2. In which country did the Chernobyl Disaster happen?
A) Belarus
B) Ukraine
C) Russia
D) Poland
- 3. Which animal population increased in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone post-disaster?
A) Polar Bears
B) Wolves
C) Pandas
D) Grizzly Bears
- 4. Which neighboring country provided shelter for thousands of refugees fleeing from Chernobyl?
A) Poland
B) Romania
C) Belarus
D) Russia
- 5. Who was the first country to detect the radioactive fallout from the Chernobyl Disaster?
A) China
B) Australia
C) United States
D) Sweden
- 6. Which term refers to the immediate protective efforts taken by the firefighters at Chernobyl?
A) Liquidators
B) Saviors
C) Firemen
D) Rescuers
- 7. What is the name of the highly radioactive debris left in the immediate aftermath of the disaster?
A) Toxic ash
B) Green Slime
C) Radioactive residue
D) Corium
- 8. What is the name of the city nearest to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant?
A) Pripyat
B) Kiev
C) Moscow
D) Minsk
- 9. Which reactor exploded during the Chernobyl disaster?
A) Reactor 2
B) Reactor 3
C) Reactor 4
D) Reactor 5
- 10. What was the primary cause of the explosion at Chernobyl?
A) An earthquake
B) A terrorist attack
C) A power surge due to design flaws during a test
D) Operator error unrelated to testing
- 11. How many personnel were involved in the response to the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 250,000
B) 750,000
C) More than 500,000
D) 100,000
- 12. What was the estimated cost of the Chernobyl disaster in US dollars?
A) $50 billion
B) $1 trillion
C) $700 billion
D) $200 billion
- 13. How many people were initially evacuated from the 10 km exclusion zone after the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 70,000
B) 30,000
C) 100,000
D) Around 49,000
- 14. How many workers showed symptoms of acute radiation syndrome (ARS) after the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 237
B) 200
C) 50
D) 134
- 15. What was the first structure built to contain the Chernobyl reactor debris?
A) Reactor Shield
B) Containment Dome
C) Chernobyl New Safe Confinement
D) The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant sarcophagus
- 16. When was the Chernobyl New Safe Confinement constructed?
A) 2000–2003
B) 1986–1987
C) 2016–2018
D) 1995–1999
- 17. How many cases of childhood thyroid cancer were reported within the affected populations as of 2005?
A) 8000
B) 3000
C) 10000
D) 6000
- 18. What was the initial size of the exclusion zone established by the Soviet government after the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 50 km
B) 20 km
C) 10 km
D) 30 km
- 19. How many people died within three months due to acute radiation syndrome (ARS) after the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 237
B) 50
C) 28
D) 134
- 20. What was the estimated long-term death toll across Europe due to the Chernobyl disaster, according to some estimates?
A) 5000
B) 25,000
C) Up to 16,000
D) 10,000
- 21. What city replaced Pripyat after it was abandoned due to the Chernobyl disaster?
A) Moscow
B) Slavutych
C) Minsk
D) Kiev
- 22. When did the Soviet government publicly acknowledge the Chernobyl disaster?
A) One week later
B) A month later
C) Two days after the explosion
D) Immediately after the explosion
- 23. What percentage of heat in a nuclear reactor is generated by radioactive decay after shutdown?
A) Over 6%
B) 25%
C) 10%
D) 50%
- 24. How many individual fuel channels did Reactor No. 4 at Chernobyl have?
A) 2,500
B) 1,661
C) 3,000
D) 5,000
- 25. How much coolant was required per hour for the entire reactor at Chernobyl's Reactor No. 4?
A) Over 45 million litres
B) 60 million litres
C) 30 million litres
D) 10 million litres
- 26. How long did it take for Chernobyl's backup diesel generators to reach full load?
A) 10–20 seconds
B) 90–120 seconds
C) 60–75 seconds
D) 30–45 seconds
- 27. What was the power requirement for one main pump at Chernobyl?
A) 3 MW
B) 7 MW
C) 5.5 MW
D) 10 MW
- 28. How long could the rotational momentum of the reactor's steam turbine potentially provide electrical power to run the coolant pumps?
A) 60 seconds
B) 30 seconds
C) 45 seconds
D) 90 seconds
- 29. What was theorized as a potential method to generate electrical power for the ECCS in case of an external power failure?
A) Using solar panels installed on-site.
B) Using wind turbines nearby.
C) Using manual cranking mechanisms.
D) Using the rotational momentum of the reactor's steam turbine.
- 30. In which year did the initial test indicating insufficient excitation voltage take place?
A) 1984
B) 1985
C) 1982
D) 1983
- 31. What was identified as a problem during the 1985 test?
A) Problem with the recording equipment
B) Failure of the emergency core cooling system
C) Insufficient excitation voltage
D) Inadequate cooling of the reactor
- 32. Which system was disabled during the test procedure?
A) Steam-turbine generator
B) Off-site power supply
C) Emergency core cooling system
D) Main circulating pumps
- 33. At what time did preparations for the Chernobyl test begin on 25 April 1986?
A) 00:00
B) 14:15
C) 01:06
D) 23:04
- 34. Who was in charge of the Chernobyl Unit 4 night shift during the disaster?
A) Aleksandr Akimov
B) Anatoly Dyatlov
C) Leonid Toptunov
D) Kiev grid controller
- 35. What was the age of Leonid Toptunov during the Chernobyl disaster?
A) 35 years old
B) 40 years old
C) 30 years old
D) 25 years old
- 36. At what time did the Kiev grid controller allow the reactor shutdown to resume?
A) 00:00
B) 23:04
C) 14:15
D) 01:06
- 37. How long was the Chernobyl reactor allowed to run without emergency protection during the test?
A) 11 hours
B) 5 hours
C) 8 hours
D) 24 hours
A) A type of control rod used in nuclear reactors
B) A fission byproduct that absorbs neutrons and inhibits reactions
C) A stable isotope of xenon used in medical imaging
D) A catalyst for increasing reactor power output
- 39. What is 'burned off' during steady-state operation?
A) Xenon-135 becomes xenon-136
B) Plutonium-239 becomes plutonium-240
C) Uranium-235 becomes uranium-236
D) Iodine-135 becomes iodine-137
- 40. Which automatic regulator failed to activate during the incident?
A) AR-1
B) Both AR-1 and AR-2
C) Neither AR-1 nor AR-2
D) AR-2
- 41. When was the Chernobyl Trust Fund created by the United Nations?
A) 1991
B) 2010
C) 2000
D) 1986
- 42. How long did it take to restore the reactor to 160 MW?
A) Instantly
B) Over an hour
C) Several minutes
D) A few seconds
- 43. What was torn off and blasted through the roof of the reactor building during the first explosion?
A) The containment vessel
B) The upper biological shield
C) The control panel
D) The cooling tower
- 44. What type of fungi was found in the no. 4 reactor by a robot in 2007?
A) Green, chlorophyll-rich photosynthetic fungi
B) Red, iron-rich ferruginous fungi
C) White, calcium-rich calciferous fungi
D) Black, melanin-rich radiotrophic fungi
- 45. What was constructed to protect workers in reactor no. 3?
A) A thick radiation-shielding wall.
B) An anti-seismic structure.
C) A soundproof enclosure.
D) A fireproof barrier.
- 46. What was the radiation dose range that destroyed the thyroid glands of horses near Chernobyl?
A) 200–250 Sv
B) 50–100 Sv
C) 150–200 Sv
D) 300–350 Sv
- 47. What continued to burn inside reactor no. 4 until May 10, 1986?
A) The containment structure
B) The control rods
C) The cooling systems
D) The fire
- 48. Who was the commander of the first firefighter brigade to arrive at Chernobyl?
A) Nikolai Fomin
B) Lieutenant Volodymyr Pravyk
C) Yuri Bagdasarov
D) Mikhail Gorbachev
- 49. Who proposed a hypothesis involving the uncontrollable escape of fast neutrons for the second explosion?
A) Lars-Erik De Geer
B) Yuri V. Dubasov
C) Sergei A. Pakhomov
D) Konstantin Checherov
- 50. What happened to most of the coolant lines feeding the reactor chamber after the first explosion?
A) They were reinforced
B) They were replaced
C) They were severed
D) They remained intact
- 51. Who was the first Ukrainian official to arrive at the Chernobyl disaster site?
A) Gorbachev
B) Shevchenko
C) Khrushchev
D) Yeltsin
- 52. How many fuel assemblies from units 1 and 2 were damaged?
A) More than 100
B) Less than 10
C) Approximately 50
D) Exactly 75
- 53. What was the name given to the 4 square km of pine forest that died after Chernobyl?
A) Red Forest
B) Dead Forest
C) Silent Forest
D) Black Forest
- 54. What was the factor by which mutation rates for plants and animals increased after Chernobyl?
A) 10
B) 20
C) 5
D) 50
- 55. What was the New Safe Confinement (NSC) constructed from?
A) Steel panels
B) Concrete blocks
C) Metal arch
D) Wooden beams
- 56. What substance was used to entrap radioactive dust during cleanup efforts?
A) Activated charcoal
B) Water mixed with chemicals
C) "Barda", a sticky polymerizing fluid
D) Sand and gravel
- 57. How much core radioiodine was released during the Chernobyl disaster, in terms of becquerels?
A) 1150 PBq
B) 1760 PBq
C) 5200 PBq
D) 85 PBq
- 58. How high is the metal arch of the New Safe Confinement (NSC)?
A) 200 m (656 ft)
B) 50 m (164 ft)
C) 150 m (492 ft)
D) 105 m (344 ft)
- 59. In which year did Areva withdraw from the ISF-2 project?
A) 1999
B) 2011
C) 2007
D) 2010
- 60. Which radioactive isotope's half-life was referenced in estimates for when the Exclusion Zone could be habitable again?
A) Uranium-235
B) Plutonium-239
C) Strontium-90
D) Cesium-137
- 61. When did construction of ISF-2 complete?
A) December 2015
B) August 2017
C) January 2014
D) June 2016
- 62. Which area received about 60% of the contamination from Chernobyl within the former Soviet Union?
A) Ukrainian SSR
B) Latvian SSR
C) Russian SFSR
D) Belarusian SSR
- 63. When did the first limited guided tours at Chernobyl begin?
A) 1999
B) 2021
C) 2017
D) 2002
- 64. How many evacuated villages were resettled by the time 75% of the land was cultivated?
A) Two-thirds
B) A third
C) All of them
D) Half
- 65. In what year did Soviet medical teams conduct whole-body count examinations on inhabitants?
A) 1987
B) 1995
C) 1990
D) 1985
- 66. What subculture developed around illegal visits to Chernobyl?
A) Adventure tourism subculture
B) Stalker subculture
C) Survivalist subculture
D) Ghost hunting subculture
- 67. How much caesium-137 was released during the Chernobyl disaster, in terms of becquerels?
A) 85 PBq
B) 5200 PBq
C) 1760 PBq
D) 1150 PBq
- 68. How long did the massive clean-up effort last in the contaminated zones after the Chernobyl disaster?
A) Seven months
B) One year
C) Six months
D) Three months
- 69. What was the estimated atmospheric release of xenon-133 in PBq?
A) 1150 PBq
B) 1760 PBq
C) 5200 PBq
D) 85 PBq
- 70. What was unique about the RBMK reactor design compared to other light-water reactors?
A) It had a neutral void coefficient
B) It had no void coefficient
C) It had a positive void coefficient
D) It had a negative void coefficient
- 71. What did firefighters initially mistake the accident for?
A) A regular electrical fire
B) A chemical spill
C) An explosion
D) A gas leak
- 72. Which type of soil had higher soil to dairy-milk transfer coefficients for radiocaesium?
A) Peaty soils
B) Loamy soils
C) Kaolinite-rich clay soils
D) Sandy soils
- 73. In what year did construction of the New Safe Confinement begin?
A) 2010
B) 1997
C) 2025
D) 2016
- 74. Which video game released in 2007 increased Chernobyl's popularity as a tourist site?
A) S.T.A.L.K.E.R.
B) Resident Evil
C) Metal Gear Solid
D) Call of Duty: Black Ops
- 75. Who reported that the power drop was due to a fault in the AR-2 system?
A) An anonymous operator
B) The test plan author
C) Toptunov
D) Dyatlov
- 76. What year did a paper report the discovery of an Escherichia coli mutant after Chernobyl?
A) 2010
B) 2000
C) 1998
D) 1986
- 77. What was the state of the reactor after nearly all control rods were withdrawn?
A) Moderately stable
B) Partially stable
C) Extremely unstable
D) Stable
- 78. What tactic did the Soviet Union use by discussing other American nuclear accidents?
A) Denial
B) Justification
C) Whataboutism
D) Deflection
- 79. What method was used to remove radioactive particles from clouds over Belarus?
A) Cloud seeding with silver iodide
B) Deployment of anti-radiation drones
C) Rain was deliberately seeded
D) Use of chemical dispersants
- 80. How much radioactive debris remained on the roof after the explosion?
A) An estimated 100 tonnes.
B) 200 tonnes.
C) 50 tonnes.
D) 500 tonnes.
- 81. What was the main cause of the Chernobyl accident according to INSAG-1?
A) The reactor's design
B) Inadequate safety culture at managerial levels
C) The operators' actions
D) Lack of protective gear for workers
- 82. What event in February 2025 caused damage to the New Safe Confinement?
A) A Russian drone strike
B) A fire started by workers
C) An earthquake
D) Heavy snowfall
- 83. How many grossly deformed animal births were reported in Narodychi Raion from 1986 to 1990?
A) about 100
B) nearly 350
C) over 500
D) less than 50
- 84. How many locals had returned to live permanently in the Exclusion Zone as of 2016?
A) 50
B) 500
C) 1000
D) 187
- 85. What was the required level for the inserted control rod equivalent value?
A) 10
B) 5
C) 15
D) 20
- 86. What solution was used to quench neutrons at Chernobyl?
A) Gadolinium nitrate solution.
B) Water flooding.
C) Copper barriers.
D) Lead shielding.
- 87. Who made the decision to shut down reactor no. 3?
A) Yuri Bagdasarov
B) Dyatlov
C) Nikolai Fomin
D) Anatoli Zakharov
- 88. What material was used inappropriately in the construction of the roof of the reactor building at Chernobyl?
A) Concrete
B) Bitumen
C) Steel
D) Asbestos
- 89. Which country reported that 18,000 livestock required uncontaminated feed in 2009 due to Chernobyl contamination?
A) Norway
B) Sweden
C) United Kingdom
D) Finland
- 90. What unexpected change in neutron density was recorded from 2017 to late 2020?
A) A complete halt of neutron activity.
B) A decrease by half in neutron density.
C) A doubling in neutron density in the sub-reactor space.
D) No change in neutron density.
- 91. How many men were involved in removing the majority of the debris?
A) 500 men.
B) 1,000 men.
C) 3,828 men.
D) 10,000 men.
- 92. When was the sealed zone around the Chernobyl reactor opened to tourists?
A) 2011
B) 2016
C) 1999
D) 2005
- 93. Who was contracted for a new design and construction of ISF-2 after Areva withdrew?
A) Holtec International
B) Siemens AG
C) Areva NP (Framatome)
D) Westinghouse Electric Company
- 94. What form was caesium-137 released in during the Chernobyl disaster?
A) Organic iodine compounds
B) Sublimed vapour
C) Solid particles
D) Aerosol form
- 95. What was the radiological background level in Kiev reported as on 30 April?
A) Normal
B) Unmeasurable
C) Dangerously high
D) Moderately elevated
- 96. What was the original contractor for the construction of ISF-2?
A) Holtec International
B) General Electric
C) Areva NP (Framatome)
D) Bechtel Corporation
- 97. In what year did the HBO mini-series about Chernobyl release, coinciding with a peak in tourist visits?
A) 2019
B) 2018
C) 2021
D) 2020
- 98. What was one of the consequences of the February 2025 drone strike on the NSC?
A) It improved the structural integrity of the NSC
B) It caused a meltdown in reactor no. 4
C) It completely destroyed the NSC
D) The structure could no longer perform its main safety function
- 99. What was a speculated consequence of the power spike during the Chernobyl accident?
A) Control rods may have been jammed at one-third insertion.
B) The control room alarms were triggered immediately.
C) The reactor was automatically shut down without issues.
D) All main circulating pumps stopped working.
- 100. When did a section of the roof of the turbine-building collapse, causing a new release of radioactivity?
A) 29 November 2016
B) December 1997
C) February 2025
D) 12 February 2013
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