A) Single loop B) Linear sheet C) Triple spiral D) Double helix
A) Cellular respiration B) Genetic instructions C) Catalytic digestion D) Lipid synthesis
A) Ribonucleic acid B) Polysaccharide C) Amino acid D) Phospholipid
A) Polypeptides B) Nucleotides C) Fatty acids D) Monosaccharides
A) Cytosine B) Guanine C) Uracil D) Thymine
A) Ribose B) Glucose C) Deoxyribose D) Fructose
A) Peptide bonds B) Covalent bonds C) Hydrogen bonds D) Ionic bonds
A) Glycosidic bond B) Phosphodiester linkage C) Polypeptide bridge D) Ester bond
A) Peptide bonds B) Disulfide bonds C) Covalent bonds D) Hydrogen bonds
A) Guanine B) Cytosine C) Uracil D) Thymine
A) Adenine B) Guanine C) Uracil D) Thymine
A) Pentoses and hexoses B) Pyrimidines and purines C) Monomers and polymers D) Phosphates and sugars
A) Thymine and cytosine B) Adenine and guanine C) Adenine and thymine D) Guanine and cytosine
A) Adenine and guanine B) Thymine and guanine C) Cytosine and adenine D) Thymine and cytosine
A) Non-ringed B) Triple-ringed C) Double-ringed D) Single-ringed
A) Single-ringed B) Double-ringed C) Branched D) Chain-like
A) Perpendicular B) Parallel C) Antiparallel D) Concentric
A) The sequence of four nucleobases B) The buoyant density of the polymer C) The width of the double helix D) The alternating phosphate groups
A) Duplication B) Translation C) Transcription D) Replication
A) Sugars B) Phosphates C) Amino acids D) Nucleotides
A) Replication B) Transcription C) Duplication D) Translation
A) Nucleoli B) Chromosomes C) Plasmids D) Ribosomes
A) During translation B) During DNA replication C) During transcription D) During base-stacking
A) Inside the cell nucleus B) In the ribosomes C) In the cytoplasm D) On cell membranes
A) Mitochondria and chloroplasts B) Golgi apparatus C) Endoplasmic reticulum D) Ribosomes and vacuoles
A) Inside the cell nucleus B) Within chloroplasts C) In the cytoplasm D) Inside mitochondria
A) Helical B) Linear C) Branched D) Circular
A) Contractile proteins B) Chromatin proteins C) Transport proteins D) Enzymatic proteins
A) Keratins B) Histones C) Collagens D) Insulins
A) Polynucleotide B) Nucleic acid C) Nucleoside D) Nucleotide
A) Nucleobase B) Nucleoside C) Polynucleotide D) Nucleotide
A) 10 ångströms B) 3.3 ångströms C) 34 ångströms D) 22 ångströms
A) Bidirectional B) Symmetrical C) Left-handed D) Right-handed
A) 1.7 g/cm3 B) 10.0 g/cm3 C) 3.4 g/cm3 D) 1.0 g/cm3
A) 2-deoxyribose B) Galactose C) Ribose D) Glucose
A) Tetrose B) Hexose C) Triose D) Pentose
A) Third and fifth carbon atoms B) First and second carbon atoms C) Second and fourth carbon atoms D) Fourth and sixth carbon atoms
A) Hydroxyl group B) Amino group C) Phosphate group D) Methyl group
A) Carboxyl group B) Hydroxyl group C) Hydrogen group D) Phosphate group
A) The presence of purines only B) The double helix pitch C) The orientation of the 3′ and 5′ carbons D) The buoyant density of the polymer
A) Peptide bonds and disulfide bridges B) Hydrophobic tails and lipid bilayers C) Covalent bonds and ionic interactions D) Hydrogen bonds and base-stacking interactions
A) Glycosidic bonds B) Phosphodiester linkages C) Peptide linkages D) Base-stacking interactions
A) Polysaccharides B) Enzymes C) Steroids D) Nucleic acids
A) They convert into RNA B) They separate C) They shorten D) They fuse together
A) Two B) Three C) Four D) One
A) Amino acids and proteins B) Histones and chromatin C) Sugar and phosphate groups D) Purines and pyrimidines
A) Peptide bond B) Phosphodiester bond C) Glycosidic bond D) Hydrogen bond
A) Plants B) Eukaryotes C) Animals D) Prokaryotes
A) Five-membered rings B) Fused six- and seven-membered rings C) Fused five- and six-membered rings D) Six-membered rings
A) 2,6-Diaminopurine B) 5-methylcytosine C) 7-Methylguanine D) Uracil
A) Escherichia coli B) Bacteriophage T4 C) Mycobacterium tuberculosis D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
A) 1925 B) 1905 C) 1984 D) 1953
A) Acting as a molecular immune system protecting from viruses B) Synthesizing new cell walls C) Replicating viral DNA D) Producing artificial nucleic acid analogues
A) Ribosome assembly B) Gene expression C) Cell wall synthesis D) Viral replication
A) N6-carbamoyl-methyladenine B) Base J C) 5-Hydroxycytosine D) 7-Methylguanine
A) Deoxyarchaeosine B) 7-Deazaguanine C) 5-Methylcytosine D) N6-methyadenine
A) 7-Deazaguanine B) N4-methylcytosine C) 5-Dihydroxypentauracil D) α-Glutamythymidine
A) 5-Formylcytosine B) Uracil C) 7-Methylguanine D) N6-carbamoyl-methyladenine
A) N4-methylcytosine B) 2,6-Diaminopurine C) α-Putrescinylthymine D) 7-Deazaguanine
A) Deoxyarchaeosine B) Base J C) 5-Carboxylcytosine D) N6-methyadenine
A) 5-Glycosylhydroxymethylcytosine B) 5-Carboxylcytosine C) 5-Methylcytosine D) 5-Hydroxycytosine
A) 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxyuracil B) 7-Methylguanine C) N6-carbamoyl-methyladenine D) 5-Hydroxycytosine
A) 5-Methylcytosine B) α-Glutamythymidine C) Base J D) α-Putrescinylthymine
A) α-Putrescinylthymine B) Deoxyarchaeosine C) N4-methylcytosine D) α-Glutamythymidine
A) 7-Deazaguanine B) 2,6-Diaminopurine C) N6-methyadenine D) Base J
A) 5-Dihydroxypentauracil B) N6-carbamoyl-methyladenine C) 5-Glycosylhydroxymethylcytosine D) 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxyuracil
A) 5-Hydroxymethyldeoxyuracil B) 5-Carboxylcytosine C) α-Glutamythymidine D) 7-Methylguanine
A) 7-Deazaguanine B) Deoxyarchaeosine C) 2,6-Diaminopurine D) Base J
A) Transcription factors B) Twin helical strands C) Base pairs D) Hydrogen bonds
A) Because of adenine and thymine ratios B) The strands are not symmetrically located with respect to each other C) Because of high temperature D) Due to covalent bonding variations
A) Watson-Crick groove B) Hoogsteen groove C) Minor groove D) Major groove
A) Hoogsteen form B) Ordinary B form C) Z form D) A form
A) Rare variations B) The primary form in B-DNA C) Very common variations D) Exclusive to transcription factors
A) Enzymes that form covalent bonds B) Minor groove binding proteins C) Low temperature or transcription factors D) Mechanical force or high temperature
A) Covalent bonds must be broken B) Hoogsteen base pairs must form C) All information is duplicated on each strand D) The major groove must widen
A) Transcription B) Annealing C) Replication D) Melting
A) Unstable B) Less stable C) Equally stable D) More stable
A) The ribosomal RNA gene core B) The TATAAT Pribnow box C) The centromere region D) The telomere ends
A) Yes, a spherical conformation B) Yes, a rigid rod shape C) No D) Yes, a perfect helix
A) 16,569 base pairs B) 6.37 Gigabase pairs C) 220 million base pairs D) 6.27 Gigabase pairs
A) 208.23 picograms B) 6.51 picograms C) 6.41 picograms D) 85 picograms
A) 205.00 cm B) 208.23 cm C) 85 mm D) 6.37 cm
A) 6.37 billion B) 220 million C) 500 million D) 16,569
A) 208 cm B) 6.51 cm C) 85 mm D) 16,569 mm
A) 16,569 B) 500 C) 220 million D) 6.37 billion
A) 100 B) 500 C) 5 D) 1,500,000
A) 1,500,000 B) 100 C) 16,569 D) 500
A) 220 million B) 500 C) 100 D) 100,000
A) 10% B) 50% C) 100% D) 90%
A) Encode a second protein B) Produce 220 million base pairs C) Regulate egg cell mitochondria D) Form closed circular molecules
A) 6.41 picograms B) 6.51 picograms C) 16,569 picograms D) 205.00 picograms
A) 220 million base pairs B) 6.27 Gigabase pairs C) 6.37 Gigabase pairs D) 16,569 base pairs
A) Negative supercoiling B) Positive supercoiling C) Neutral supercoiling D) Reverse supercoiling
A) Paracrystalline supercoiling B) Positive supercoiling C) Negative supercoiling D) Alternative supercoiling
A) Extreme positive supercoiling B) Slight negative supercoiling C) No supercoiling D) Slight positive supercoiling
A) Bessel enzymes B) Patterson polymerases C) Methylases D) Topoisomerases
A) Wilkins et al. B) Topoisomerase researchers C) Patterson D) James Watson and Francis Crick
A) Z-DNA B) A-DNA C) Left-handed DNA D) B-DNA
A) Bessel transformation B) Methylation C) Topoisomerase cleavage D) Hydration
A) Arsenic B) Nitrogen C) Carbon D) Sulfur |