A) Teeth provide genetic information directly B) Teeth change shape with age C) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat D) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma
A) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval B) To measure ridge density C) To classify latent prints at crime scenes D) To detect forged fingerprints
A) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers B) It requires no prior dental records C) Dental features rarely match across victims D) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage
A) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics B) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow C) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry D) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers
A) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem B) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable C) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies D) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values
A) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval B) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink C) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age D) It allows automatic destruction of old records
A) As a loop pattern B) As a whorl pattern C) As an arch pattern D) As pattern-indeterminate
A) Tented arch B) Radial loop C) Composite pattern D) Plain whorl
A) Principle of permanence B) Principle of individuality C) Ridge density standard D) Ridge count principle
A) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern B) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only C) Reject the print based solely on the pattern D) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis
A) Divergence B) Permanence C) Multiplicity D) Universality
A) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match B) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail C) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences D) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting
A) Apply magnetic powder B) Use iodine fuming before rolling C) Cut the finger and discard the skin D) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection
A) Iodine fuming B) Ninhydrin C) Powder dusting D) Silver nitrate
A) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling B) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled C) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion D) Increase pressure to improve contrast
A) Superglue → black powder → ALS B) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed C) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder D) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse
A) Ink transfer B) Heat transfer sheet C) Adhesive tape D) Gel lifter
A) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement B) Powder converts pores into visible white marks C) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate D) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion
A) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval B) Immediately declare the print an identification C) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on D) Proceed directly to comparison
A) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first B) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically C) Conducting blind and independent verification D) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals
A) Spectral Quality B) Light Intensity C) Composition D) Exposure Value
A) Off-Camera Flash B) Direct Flash C) Rear-Curtain Flash D) Bounce Flash
A) Soft blending of edges B) Increased shadow definition C) Minimal textural visibility D) Lower contrast on surfaces
A) Eliminates the need for a tripod B) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail C) Enhances only reflective surfaces D) Produces softer and more diffused illumination
A) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors B) It determines the shutter speed accuracy C) It avoids lens distortion D) It limits the depth of field range
A) Increase flash synchronization B) Ensure realistic color tones C) Prevent overexposure D) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning
A) Narrow the aperture to f/16 B) Use a slower shutter speed C) Increase ISO to a higher value D) Reduce ISO to 100
A) Horizontal Composition Rule B) Evidence Size Documentation C) Background Neutralization D) Exaggeration Prevention Rule
A) High ISO, fast shutter B) Small aperture, low ISO C) Wide aperture, auto ISO D) Slow shutter, high ISO
A) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence B) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows C) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light D) Increasing shutter time using a tripod
A) Depth of field is minimized B) Flash reflection is avoided C) Light intensity remains constant D) Scene orientation is established
A) Match the wavelength with white balance settings B) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background C) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence D) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification
A) Low ISO and fast shutter speed B) Slow shutter with diffused lighting C) Narrow aperture with rear flash D) High ISO and wide aperture
A) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships B) Telephoto may distort the color temperature C) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy D) Wide-angle removes depth of field
A) Image sensor B) ISO control C) Memory card slot D) Lens focusing ring
A) Telephoto lens B) Macro lens C) Ultra-wide lens D) Standard lens
A) Disable autofocus B) Raise ISO and narrow aperture C) Increase shutter speed D) Lower ISO and widen aperture
A) Selecting higher ASA film B) Adjusting lens mount C) Changing film advance lever D) Rotating memory dial
A) May shift color temperature drastically B) May remove shadow details entirely C) May increase exposure stability D) May misrepresent the distance between objects
A) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast B) Minimum focusing distance exceeded C) Image sensor malfunctioned D) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize
A) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities B) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody C) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible D) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing
A) The popularity of the analytical instrument used B) The financial value of the toxic substance detected C) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects D) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator
A) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not B) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances C) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation D) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen
A) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood B) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test C) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood D) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination
A) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container B) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain C) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` D) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure
A) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing B) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging C) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise D) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container
A) Sodium bicarbonate infusion B) Activated charcoal only C) High-dose vitamin K therapy D) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM)
A) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin B) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color C) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not D) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor
A) A personal diary B) A notarized affidavit C) A company memo D) A handwritten personal letter
A) IR lamp B) ESDA C) VSC D) Stereomicroscope
A) Paper fiber uniqueness B) Pen pressure inconsistencies C) The presence of signature tremors D) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink
A) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x B) It measures paper thickness with high precision C) It detects the weight of ink residue D) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging
A) The document contains natural handwriting variation B) The paper is of inferior quality C) The writer used excessive pressure when signing D) Ink from different batches or pens was used
A) Forgery through tracing B) Disguised signature C) Freehand imitation D) Natural variation
A) It is an authentic signature B) The writer was in a hurry C) The signature may be simulated D) Ink used was incompatible
A) Individual characteristics B) Natural variation C) Class characteristics D) Line quality analysis
A) The lighting technique was incorrect B) The paper is counterfeit C) The ink was exposed to moisture D) Alteration likely occurred
A) Signature stamp or machine signature B) Simulation C) Typewriter output D) Freehand forgery
A) Habitual writing behavior B) Impairment or loss of motor control C) A natural signature variation D) Possible disguise attempt
A) To observe fatigue in writing B) To determine paper density C) To assess quality of ink D) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation
A) The paper absorbed ink unevenly B) The writer used two pens intentionally C) The writing is genuine D) A mechanical copying method was used
A) The writer was under stress B) The ink has degraded over time C) The signature is authentic with natural variation D) The signature is simulated
A) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials B) The security thread has naturally faded C) The note is genuine but old D) The UV lamp is defective
A) The ID is authentic but worn out B) Microprinting is naturally variable C) The document was damaged by moisture D) The hologram was transferred from a real ID
A) Eye color B) Skin conductance C) Blood pressure D) Pupil dilation
A) Length of examination only B) Examiner skill and experience C) Subject’s favorite color D) Ambient room temperature only
A) To confuse the subject and induce errors B) To directly detect lies about the incident C) To determine the subject’s memory capacity D) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison
A) It improves the detection of deception automatically B) Only physical factors matter, not psychological C) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses D) It has no measurable effect
A) Post-test phase B) Pre-test phase C) In-test phase D) Control phase
A) Galvanometer B) Cardiograph C) Pneumograph D) Thermometer
A) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive B) Consider the relevant question deceptive C) Ignore both responses D) Restart the entire test
A) Computer software B) Pneumograph C) Galvanometer D) Cardio sensor
A) To establish baseline physiological responses B) To directly confirm deception C) To test memory retention D) To confuse the subject
A) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions B) Only by visual inspection C) By ignoring baseline readings D) Only using computer software
A) Ignore inconsistencies B) Declare deception immediately C) Ask more irrelevant questions D) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors
A) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy B) Conclude deception automatically C) Increase the number of relevant questions D) Ignore the responses and continue
A) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive B) Subject is likely deceptive C) Examiner should add more control questions D) Subject is definitely truthful
A) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception B) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence C) Predict subject’s future behavior D) Measure subject’s memory accuracy
A) Comparison microscope B) Rifling gauge C) Caliper D) Ballistic chronograph
A) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition B) It identifies the firearm used C) It prevents contamination of evidence D) It helps in measuring rifling impressions
A) Comparing bullets in the laboratory B) Testing the firearm immediately C) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence D) Photographing the suspect
A) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury B) To determine the shooter’s intent C) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases D) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits
A) To identify firearm serial numbers B) To compare rifling impressions C) To measure bullet speed and trajectory D) To document cartridge case markings
A) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing B) Testing bullets in front of the jury C) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe D) Disassembling the firearm in open court
A) Individual characteristics B) Internal ballistics C) Class characteristics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Handgun B) Rifle C) Shotgun D) Machine gun
A) Cartridge case B) Primer C) Firing pin D) Bullet
A) Forensic ballistics B) External ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Class characteristics B) Internal ballistics C) Ammunition design D) Individual characteristics
A) External ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Class characteristics D) Individual characteristics
A) Terminal ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) Forensic ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Firearm classification B) External ballistics C) Terminal ballistics D) Internal ballistics
A) Gunpowder B) Cartridge case C) Primer D) Bullet
A) Evaluating firearm classification B) Determining class characteristics C) Establishing individual characteristics D) Assessing external ballistics
A) Test fire before collection B) Keep it loaded while packaging C) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm D) Hand it to anyone nearby
A) To measure bullet velocity accurately B) To determine firearm make and model C) To assess terminal ballistics D) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion
A) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings B) To load them for demonstration C) To test them before court D) To analyze gunpowder separately
A) Polishing them for clarity B) Cleaning them immediately C) Keeping them in open air D) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging
A) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations. B) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise. C) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. D) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court.
A) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. B) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. C) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. D) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. |