A) Teeth change shape with age B) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat C) Teeth provide genetic information directly D) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma
A) To measure ridge density B) To detect forged fingerprints C) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval D) To classify latent prints at crime scenes
A) It requires no prior dental records B) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage C) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers D) Dental features rarely match across victims
A) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry B) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics C) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers D) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow
A) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values B) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies C) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem D) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable
A) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age B) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval C) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink D) It allows automatic destruction of old records
A) As an arch pattern B) As a whorl pattern C) As pattern-indeterminate D) As a loop pattern
A) Tented arch B) Composite pattern C) Plain whorl D) Radial loop
A) Ridge density standard B) Ridge count principle C) Principle of permanence D) Principle of individuality
A) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only B) Reject the print based solely on the pattern C) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern D) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis
A) Universality B) Permanence C) Multiplicity D) Divergence
A) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting B) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match C) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences D) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail
A) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection B) Apply magnetic powder C) Cut the finger and discard the skin D) Use iodine fuming before rolling
A) Powder dusting B) Silver nitrate C) Ninhydrin D) Iodine fuming
A) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion B) Increase pressure to improve contrast C) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling D) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled
A) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder B) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse C) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed D) Superglue → black powder → ALS
A) Ink transfer B) Gel lifter C) Heat transfer sheet D) Adhesive tape
A) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement B) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate C) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion D) Powder converts pores into visible white marks
A) Proceed directly to comparison B) Immediately declare the print an identification C) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on D) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval
A) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically B) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals C) Conducting blind and independent verification D) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first
A) Light Intensity B) Spectral Quality C) Composition D) Exposure Value
A) Direct Flash B) Off-Camera Flash C) Bounce Flash D) Rear-Curtain Flash
A) Lower contrast on surfaces B) Minimal textural visibility C) Soft blending of edges D) Increased shadow definition
A) Enhances only reflective surfaces B) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail C) Produces softer and more diffused illumination D) Eliminates the need for a tripod
A) It avoids lens distortion B) It determines the shutter speed accuracy C) It limits the depth of field range D) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors
A) Increase flash synchronization B) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning C) Ensure realistic color tones D) Prevent overexposure
A) Use a slower shutter speed B) Reduce ISO to 100 C) Increase ISO to a higher value D) Narrow the aperture to f/16
A) Exaggeration Prevention Rule B) Evidence Size Documentation C) Background Neutralization D) Horizontal Composition Rule
A) Small aperture, low ISO B) Wide aperture, auto ISO C) High ISO, fast shutter D) Slow shutter, high ISO
A) Increasing shutter time using a tripod B) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows C) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light D) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence
A) Flash reflection is avoided B) Depth of field is minimized C) Light intensity remains constant D) Scene orientation is established
A) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification B) Match the wavelength with white balance settings C) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background D) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence
A) Low ISO and fast shutter speed B) Slow shutter with diffused lighting C) High ISO and wide aperture D) Narrow aperture with rear flash
A) Telephoto may distort the color temperature B) Wide-angle removes depth of field C) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy D) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships
A) Image sensor B) Lens focusing ring C) ISO control D) Memory card slot
A) Macro lens B) Standard lens C) Telephoto lens D) Ultra-wide lens
A) Increase shutter speed B) Raise ISO and narrow aperture C) Disable autofocus D) Lower ISO and widen aperture
A) Selecting higher ASA film B) Adjusting lens mount C) Rotating memory dial D) Changing film advance lever
A) May increase exposure stability B) May shift color temperature drastically C) May remove shadow details entirely D) May misrepresent the distance between objects
A) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize B) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast C) Image sensor malfunctioned D) Minimum focusing distance exceeded
A) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities B) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing C) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody D) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible
A) The financial value of the toxic substance detected B) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects C) The popularity of the analytical instrument used D) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator
A) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation B) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances C) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen D) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not
A) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination B) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood C) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test D) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood
A) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure B) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` C) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container D) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain
A) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise B) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging C) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing D) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container
A) Sodium bicarbonate infusion B) High-dose vitamin K therapy C) Activated charcoal only D) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM)
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color B) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor C) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not D) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin
A) A handwritten personal letter B) A personal diary C) A company memo D) A notarized affidavit
A) IR lamp B) VSC C) Stereomicroscope D) ESDA
A) Pen pressure inconsistencies B) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink C) Paper fiber uniqueness D) The presence of signature tremors
A) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x B) It measures paper thickness with high precision C) It detects the weight of ink residue D) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging
A) The paper is of inferior quality B) The writer used excessive pressure when signing C) Ink from different batches or pens was used D) The document contains natural handwriting variation
A) Natural variation B) Forgery through tracing C) Freehand imitation D) Disguised signature
A) Ink used was incompatible B) The signature may be simulated C) The writer was in a hurry D) It is an authentic signature
A) Line quality analysis B) Class characteristics C) Individual characteristics D) Natural variation
A) The paper is counterfeit B) The ink was exposed to moisture C) The lighting technique was incorrect D) Alteration likely occurred
A) Freehand forgery B) Simulation C) Typewriter output D) Signature stamp or machine signature
A) Habitual writing behavior B) A natural signature variation C) Possible disguise attempt D) Impairment or loss of motor control
A) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation B) To observe fatigue in writing C) To determine paper density D) To assess quality of ink
A) A mechanical copying method was used B) The writing is genuine C) The writer used two pens intentionally D) The paper absorbed ink unevenly
A) The signature is authentic with natural variation B) The writer was under stress C) The ink has degraded over time D) The signature is simulated
A) The note is genuine but old B) The security thread has naturally faded C) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials D) The UV lamp is defective
A) Microprinting is naturally variable B) The document was damaged by moisture C) The hologram was transferred from a real ID D) The ID is authentic but worn out
A) Skin conductance B) Blood pressure C) Eye color D) Pupil dilation
A) Examiner skill and experience B) Subject’s favorite color C) Length of examination only D) Ambient room temperature only
A) To confuse the subject and induce errors B) To determine the subject’s memory capacity C) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison D) To directly detect lies about the incident
A) It improves the detection of deception automatically B) It has no measurable effect C) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses D) Only physical factors matter, not psychological
A) Post-test phase B) Control phase C) Pre-test phase D) In-test phase
A) Pneumograph B) Thermometer C) Cardiograph D) Galvanometer
A) Consider the relevant question deceptive B) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive C) Restart the entire test D) Ignore both responses
A) Galvanometer B) Cardio sensor C) Pneumograph D) Computer software
A) To establish baseline physiological responses B) To test memory retention C) To directly confirm deception D) To confuse the subject
A) Only using computer software B) By ignoring baseline readings C) Only by visual inspection D) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions
A) Ignore inconsistencies B) Declare deception immediately C) Ask more irrelevant questions D) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors
A) Increase the number of relevant questions B) Conclude deception automatically C) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy D) Ignore the responses and continue
A) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive B) Subject is definitely truthful C) Examiner should add more control questions D) Subject is likely deceptive
A) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence B) Predict subject’s future behavior C) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception D) Measure subject’s memory accuracy
A) Caliper B) Rifling gauge C) Comparison microscope D) Ballistic chronograph
A) It helps in measuring rifling impressions B) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition C) It prevents contamination of evidence D) It identifies the firearm used
A) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence B) Testing the firearm immediately C) Comparing bullets in the laboratory D) Photographing the suspect
A) To determine the shooter’s intent B) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury C) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits D) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases
A) To compare rifling impressions B) To document cartridge case markings C) To identify firearm serial numbers D) To measure bullet speed and trajectory
A) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing B) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe C) Testing bullets in front of the jury D) Disassembling the firearm in open court
A) Internal ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Individual characteristics D) Class characteristics
A) Machine gun B) Rifle C) Shotgun D) Handgun
A) Primer B) Bullet C) Cartridge case D) Firing pin
A) Forensic ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) External ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Individual characteristics B) Internal ballistics C) Class characteristics D) Ammunition design
A) External ballistics B) Individual characteristics C) Terminal ballistics D) Class characteristics
A) Forensic ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Firearm classification B) Terminal ballistics C) External ballistics D) Internal ballistics
A) Bullet B) Primer C) Gunpowder D) Cartridge case
A) Evaluating firearm classification B) Assessing external ballistics C) Establishing individual characteristics D) Determining class characteristics
A) Keep it loaded while packaging B) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm C) Hand it to anyone nearby D) Test fire before collection
A) To determine firearm make and model B) To assess terminal ballistics C) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion D) To measure bullet velocity accurately
A) To test them before court B) To load them for demonstration C) To analyze gunpowder separately D) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings
A) Cleaning them immediately B) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging C) Keeping them in open air D) Polishing them for clarity
A) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise. B) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. C) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. D) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations.
A) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. B) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. C) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. D) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. |