A) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat B) Teeth provide genetic information directly C) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma D) Teeth change shape with age
A) To measure ridge density B) To detect forged fingerprints C) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval D) To classify latent prints at crime scenes
A) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers B) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage C) Dental features rarely match across victims D) It requires no prior dental records
A) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers B) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry C) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics D) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow
A) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem B) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values C) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable D) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies
A) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink B) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval C) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age D) It allows automatic destruction of old records
A) As pattern-indeterminate B) As an arch pattern C) As a whorl pattern D) As a loop pattern
A) Plain whorl B) Composite pattern C) Radial loop D) Tented arch
A) Ridge count principle B) Principle of permanence C) Principle of individuality D) Ridge density standard
A) Reject the print based solely on the pattern B) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern C) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis D) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only
A) Divergence B) Universality C) Multiplicity D) Permanence
A) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match B) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting C) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail D) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences
A) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection B) Use iodine fuming before rolling C) Cut the finger and discard the skin D) Apply magnetic powder
A) Powder dusting B) Ninhydrin C) Silver nitrate D) Iodine fuming
A) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling B) Increase pressure to improve contrast C) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled D) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion
A) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder B) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed C) Superglue → black powder → ALS D) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse
A) Gel lifter B) Adhesive tape C) Heat transfer sheet D) Ink transfer
A) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement B) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate C) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion D) Powder converts pores into visible white marks
A) Proceed directly to comparison B) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on C) Immediately declare the print an identification D) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval
A) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals B) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically C) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first D) Conducting blind and independent verification
A) Composition B) Spectral Quality C) Exposure Value D) Light Intensity
A) Bounce Flash B) Rear-Curtain Flash C) Direct Flash D) Off-Camera Flash
A) Soft blending of edges B) Lower contrast on surfaces C) Increased shadow definition D) Minimal textural visibility
A) Enhances only reflective surfaces B) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail C) Produces softer and more diffused illumination D) Eliminates the need for a tripod
A) It avoids lens distortion B) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors C) It limits the depth of field range D) It determines the shutter speed accuracy
A) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning B) Ensure realistic color tones C) Increase flash synchronization D) Prevent overexposure
A) Narrow the aperture to f/16 B) Use a slower shutter speed C) Reduce ISO to 100 D) Increase ISO to a higher value
A) Exaggeration Prevention Rule B) Horizontal Composition Rule C) Background Neutralization D) Evidence Size Documentation
A) Slow shutter, high ISO B) High ISO, fast shutter C) Wide aperture, auto ISO D) Small aperture, low ISO
A) Increasing shutter time using a tripod B) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows C) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light D) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence
A) Scene orientation is established B) Depth of field is minimized C) Flash reflection is avoided D) Light intensity remains constant
A) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background B) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification C) Match the wavelength with white balance settings D) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence
A) Narrow aperture with rear flash B) High ISO and wide aperture C) Slow shutter with diffused lighting D) Low ISO and fast shutter speed
A) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships B) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy C) Wide-angle removes depth of field D) Telephoto may distort the color temperature
A) Lens focusing ring B) Memory card slot C) ISO control D) Image sensor
A) Ultra-wide lens B) Macro lens C) Standard lens D) Telephoto lens
A) Increase shutter speed B) Raise ISO and narrow aperture C) Lower ISO and widen aperture D) Disable autofocus
A) Rotating memory dial B) Changing film advance lever C) Adjusting lens mount D) Selecting higher ASA film
A) May increase exposure stability B) May shift color temperature drastically C) May remove shadow details entirely D) May misrepresent the distance between objects
A) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast B) Minimum focusing distance exceeded C) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize D) Image sensor malfunctioned
A) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities B) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible C) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing D) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody
A) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects B) The popularity of the analytical instrument used C) The financial value of the toxic substance detected D) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator
A) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not B) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen C) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation D) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances
A) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood B) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination C) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test D) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood
A) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container B) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain C) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure D) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging`
A) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise B) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container C) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing D) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging
A) Activated charcoal only B) High-dose vitamin K therapy C) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM) D) Sodium bicarbonate infusion
A) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor B) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not C) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color D) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin
A) A company memo B) A handwritten personal letter C) A notarized affidavit D) A personal diary
A) IR lamp B) VSC C) Stereomicroscope D) ESDA
A) Paper fiber uniqueness B) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink C) Pen pressure inconsistencies D) The presence of signature tremors
A) It detects the weight of ink residue B) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x C) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging D) It measures paper thickness with high precision
A) The paper is of inferior quality B) Ink from different batches or pens was used C) The document contains natural handwriting variation D) The writer used excessive pressure when signing
A) Natural variation B) Forgery through tracing C) Freehand imitation D) Disguised signature
A) The writer was in a hurry B) The signature may be simulated C) Ink used was incompatible D) It is an authentic signature
A) Line quality analysis B) Individual characteristics C) Class characteristics D) Natural variation
A) The paper is counterfeit B) The ink was exposed to moisture C) The lighting technique was incorrect D) Alteration likely occurred
A) Signature stamp or machine signature B) Simulation C) Typewriter output D) Freehand forgery
A) Habitual writing behavior B) Impairment or loss of motor control C) A natural signature variation D) Possible disguise attempt
A) To assess quality of ink B) To observe fatigue in writing C) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation D) To determine paper density
A) A mechanical copying method was used B) The writing is genuine C) The paper absorbed ink unevenly D) The writer used two pens intentionally
A) The signature is authentic with natural variation B) The writer was under stress C) The ink has degraded over time D) The signature is simulated
A) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials B) The security thread has naturally faded C) The UV lamp is defective D) The note is genuine but old
A) Microprinting is naturally variable B) The ID is authentic but worn out C) The hologram was transferred from a real ID D) The document was damaged by moisture
A) Blood pressure B) Eye color C) Pupil dilation D) Skin conductance
A) Ambient room temperature only B) Subject’s favorite color C) Examiner skill and experience D) Length of examination only
A) To directly detect lies about the incident B) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison C) To confuse the subject and induce errors D) To determine the subject’s memory capacity
A) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses B) It has no measurable effect C) It improves the detection of deception automatically D) Only physical factors matter, not psychological
A) Control phase B) Post-test phase C) Pre-test phase D) In-test phase
A) Cardiograph B) Thermometer C) Galvanometer D) Pneumograph
A) Consider the relevant question deceptive B) Restart the entire test C) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive D) Ignore both responses
A) Galvanometer B) Pneumograph C) Cardio sensor D) Computer software
A) To test memory retention B) To confuse the subject C) To directly confirm deception D) To establish baseline physiological responses
A) By ignoring baseline readings B) Only by visual inspection C) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions D) Only using computer software
A) Ignore inconsistencies B) Ask more irrelevant questions C) Declare deception immediately D) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors
A) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy B) Ignore the responses and continue C) Increase the number of relevant questions D) Conclude deception automatically
A) Subject is definitely truthful B) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive C) Subject is likely deceptive D) Examiner should add more control questions
A) Measure subject’s memory accuracy B) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence C) Predict subject’s future behavior D) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception
A) Ballistic chronograph B) Caliper C) Rifling gauge D) Comparison microscope
A) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition B) It helps in measuring rifling impressions C) It prevents contamination of evidence D) It identifies the firearm used
A) Photographing the suspect B) Testing the firearm immediately C) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence D) Comparing bullets in the laboratory
A) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits B) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury C) To determine the shooter’s intent D) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases
A) To measure bullet speed and trajectory B) To document cartridge case markings C) To compare rifling impressions D) To identify firearm serial numbers
A) Testing bullets in front of the jury B) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing C) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe D) Disassembling the firearm in open court
A) Class characteristics B) Terminal ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Individual characteristics
A) Handgun B) Rifle C) Shotgun D) Machine gun
A) Cartridge case B) Bullet C) Firing pin D) Primer
A) Terminal ballistics B) Forensic ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Ammunition design B) Internal ballistics C) Class characteristics D) Individual characteristics
A) Individual characteristics B) External ballistics C) Terminal ballistics D) Class characteristics
A) Forensic ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) External ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Internal ballistics B) Firearm classification C) External ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Primer B) Bullet C) Gunpowder D) Cartridge case
A) Determining class characteristics B) Establishing individual characteristics C) Assessing external ballistics D) Evaluating firearm classification
A) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm B) Keep it loaded while packaging C) Hand it to anyone nearby D) Test fire before collection
A) To determine firearm make and model B) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion C) To assess terminal ballistics D) To measure bullet velocity accurately
A) To load them for demonstration B) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings C) To analyze gunpowder separately D) To test them before court
A) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging B) Polishing them for clarity C) Keeping them in open air D) Cleaning them immediately
A) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. B) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. C) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise. D) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations.
A) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. B) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. C) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. D) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. |