A) Teeth provide genetic information directly B) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma C) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat D) Teeth change shape with age
A) To detect forged fingerprints B) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval C) To classify latent prints at crime scenes D) To measure ridge density
A) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage B) It requires no prior dental records C) Dental features rarely match across victims D) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers
A) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers B) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow C) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry D) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics
A) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem B) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies C) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values D) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable
A) It allows automatic destruction of old records B) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age C) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink D) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval
A) As a loop pattern B) As pattern-indeterminate C) As an arch pattern D) As a whorl pattern
A) Tented arch B) Plain whorl C) Radial loop D) Composite pattern
A) Ridge count principle B) Principle of individuality C) Principle of permanence D) Ridge density standard
A) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern B) Reject the print based solely on the pattern C) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only D) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis
A) Universality B) Permanence C) Multiplicity D) Divergence
A) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting B) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences C) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match D) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail
A) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection B) Cut the finger and discard the skin C) Apply magnetic powder D) Use iodine fuming before rolling
A) Iodine fuming B) Ninhydrin C) Silver nitrate D) Powder dusting
A) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled B) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion C) Increase pressure to improve contrast D) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling
A) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse B) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder C) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed D) Superglue → black powder → ALS
A) Adhesive tape B) Gel lifter C) Ink transfer D) Heat transfer sheet
A) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion B) Powder converts pores into visible white marks C) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement D) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate
A) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval B) Immediately declare the print an identification C) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on D) Proceed directly to comparison
A) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically B) Conducting blind and independent verification C) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first D) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals
A) Exposure Value B) Composition C) Light Intensity D) Spectral Quality
A) Bounce Flash B) Rear-Curtain Flash C) Off-Camera Flash D) Direct Flash
A) Lower contrast on surfaces B) Soft blending of edges C) Minimal textural visibility D) Increased shadow definition
A) Enhances only reflective surfaces B) Produces softer and more diffused illumination C) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail D) Eliminates the need for a tripod
A) It avoids lens distortion B) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors C) It limits the depth of field range D) It determines the shutter speed accuracy
A) Prevent overexposure B) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning C) Increase flash synchronization D) Ensure realistic color tones
A) Narrow the aperture to f/16 B) Increase ISO to a higher value C) Reduce ISO to 100 D) Use a slower shutter speed
A) Exaggeration Prevention Rule B) Background Neutralization C) Evidence Size Documentation D) Horizontal Composition Rule
A) Small aperture, low ISO B) High ISO, fast shutter C) Slow shutter, high ISO D) Wide aperture, auto ISO
A) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows B) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light C) Increasing shutter time using a tripod D) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence
A) Scene orientation is established B) Flash reflection is avoided C) Depth of field is minimized D) Light intensity remains constant
A) Match the wavelength with white balance settings B) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification C) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background D) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence
A) Low ISO and fast shutter speed B) Narrow aperture with rear flash C) Slow shutter with diffused lighting D) High ISO and wide aperture
A) Wide-angle removes depth of field B) Telephoto may distort the color temperature C) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy D) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships
A) ISO control B) Lens focusing ring C) Image sensor D) Memory card slot
A) Telephoto lens B) Macro lens C) Ultra-wide lens D) Standard lens
A) Lower ISO and widen aperture B) Disable autofocus C) Increase shutter speed D) Raise ISO and narrow aperture
A) Changing film advance lever B) Adjusting lens mount C) Rotating memory dial D) Selecting higher ASA film
A) May increase exposure stability B) May shift color temperature drastically C) May misrepresent the distance between objects D) May remove shadow details entirely
A) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize B) Image sensor malfunctioned C) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast D) Minimum focusing distance exceeded
A) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities B) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody C) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible D) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing
A) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator B) The popularity of the analytical instrument used C) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects D) The financial value of the toxic substance detected
A) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation B) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not C) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances D) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen
A) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood B) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination C) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood D) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test
A) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container B) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain C) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` D) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure
A) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container B) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing C) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise D) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging
A) Sodium bicarbonate infusion B) Activated charcoal only C) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM) D) High-dose vitamin K therapy
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color B) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not C) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor D) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin
A) A notarized affidavit B) A handwritten personal letter C) A company memo D) A personal diary
A) IR lamp B) VSC C) ESDA D) Stereomicroscope
A) Paper fiber uniqueness B) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink C) The presence of signature tremors D) Pen pressure inconsistencies
A) It measures paper thickness with high precision B) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging C) It detects the weight of ink residue D) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x
A) The writer used excessive pressure when signing B) The paper is of inferior quality C) The document contains natural handwriting variation D) Ink from different batches or pens was used
A) Freehand imitation B) Disguised signature C) Natural variation D) Forgery through tracing
A) The signature may be simulated B) It is an authentic signature C) Ink used was incompatible D) The writer was in a hurry
A) Individual characteristics B) Class characteristics C) Line quality analysis D) Natural variation
A) The lighting technique was incorrect B) The paper is counterfeit C) The ink was exposed to moisture D) Alteration likely occurred
A) Signature stamp or machine signature B) Typewriter output C) Simulation D) Freehand forgery
A) Impairment or loss of motor control B) Possible disguise attempt C) A natural signature variation D) Habitual writing behavior
A) To observe fatigue in writing B) To determine paper density C) To assess quality of ink D) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation
A) The writing is genuine B) The paper absorbed ink unevenly C) A mechanical copying method was used D) The writer used two pens intentionally
A) The signature is simulated B) The signature is authentic with natural variation C) The writer was under stress D) The ink has degraded over time
A) The security thread has naturally faded B) The note is genuine but old C) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials D) The UV lamp is defective
A) The ID is authentic but worn out B) The document was damaged by moisture C) Microprinting is naturally variable D) The hologram was transferred from a real ID
A) Skin conductance B) Pupil dilation C) Eye color D) Blood pressure
A) Subject’s favorite color B) Ambient room temperature only C) Examiner skill and experience D) Length of examination only
A) To determine the subject’s memory capacity B) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison C) To directly detect lies about the incident D) To confuse the subject and induce errors
A) Only physical factors matter, not psychological B) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses C) It improves the detection of deception automatically D) It has no measurable effect
A) Post-test phase B) Control phase C) Pre-test phase D) In-test phase
A) Cardiograph B) Thermometer C) Pneumograph D) Galvanometer
A) Ignore both responses B) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive C) Consider the relevant question deceptive D) Restart the entire test
A) Computer software B) Galvanometer C) Pneumograph D) Cardio sensor
A) To directly confirm deception B) To establish baseline physiological responses C) To confuse the subject D) To test memory retention
A) Only by visual inspection B) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions C) Only using computer software D) By ignoring baseline readings
A) Declare deception immediately B) Ignore inconsistencies C) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors D) Ask more irrelevant questions
A) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy B) Conclude deception automatically C) Increase the number of relevant questions D) Ignore the responses and continue
A) Subject is likely deceptive B) Examiner should add more control questions C) Subject is definitely truthful D) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive
A) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence B) Measure subject’s memory accuracy C) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception D) Predict subject’s future behavior
A) Caliper B) Comparison microscope C) Ballistic chronograph D) Rifling gauge
A) It prevents contamination of evidence B) It identifies the firearm used C) It helps in measuring rifling impressions D) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition
A) Testing the firearm immediately B) Photographing the suspect C) Comparing bullets in the laboratory D) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence
A) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury B) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases C) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits D) To determine the shooter’s intent
A) To compare rifling impressions B) To document cartridge case markings C) To measure bullet speed and trajectory D) To identify firearm serial numbers
A) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe B) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing C) Testing bullets in front of the jury D) Disassembling the firearm in open court
A) Class characteristics B) Individual characteristics C) Internal ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Handgun B) Rifle C) Machine gun D) Shotgun
A) Cartridge case B) Bullet C) Firing pin D) Primer
A) Terminal ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) Forensic ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Individual characteristics B) Ammunition design C) Class characteristics D) Internal ballistics
A) Terminal ballistics B) External ballistics C) Class characteristics D) Individual characteristics
A) External ballistics B) Forensic ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Firearm classification B) External ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Cartridge case B) Bullet C) Primer D) Gunpowder
A) Evaluating firearm classification B) Assessing external ballistics C) Establishing individual characteristics D) Determining class characteristics
A) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm B) Hand it to anyone nearby C) Keep it loaded while packaging D) Test fire before collection
A) To measure bullet velocity accurately B) To assess terminal ballistics C) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion D) To determine firearm make and model
A) To analyze gunpowder separately B) To test them before court C) To load them for demonstration D) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings
A) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging B) Keeping them in open air C) Polishing them for clarity D) Cleaning them immediately
A) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise. B) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. C) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. D) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations.
A) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. B) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. C) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. D) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. |