A) Teeth provide genetic information directly B) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat C) Teeth change shape with age D) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma
A) To detect forged fingerprints B) To measure ridge density C) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval D) To classify latent prints at crime scenes
A) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers B) Dental features rarely match across victims C) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage D) It requires no prior dental records
A) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow B) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry C) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics D) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers
A) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies B) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable C) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values D) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem
A) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age B) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval C) It allows automatic destruction of old records D) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink
A) As a loop pattern B) As an arch pattern C) As pattern-indeterminate D) As a whorl pattern
A) Composite pattern B) Plain whorl C) Radial loop D) Tented arch
A) Principle of individuality B) Principle of permanence C) Ridge density standard D) Ridge count principle
A) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only B) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis C) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern D) Reject the print based solely on the pattern
A) Divergence B) Permanence C) Universality D) Multiplicity
A) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail B) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match C) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences D) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting
A) Apply magnetic powder B) Cut the finger and discard the skin C) Use iodine fuming before rolling D) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection
A) Silver nitrate B) Powder dusting C) Ninhydrin D) Iodine fuming
A) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled B) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion C) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling D) Increase pressure to improve contrast
A) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder B) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed C) Superglue → black powder → ALS D) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse
A) Gel lifter B) Ink transfer C) Heat transfer sheet D) Adhesive tape
A) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement B) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion C) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate D) Powder converts pores into visible white marks
A) Proceed directly to comparison B) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on C) Immediately declare the print an identification D) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval
A) Conducting blind and independent verification B) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals C) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first D) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically
A) Spectral Quality B) Light Intensity C) Exposure Value D) Composition
A) Bounce Flash B) Direct Flash C) Rear-Curtain Flash D) Off-Camera Flash
A) Lower contrast on surfaces B) Soft blending of edges C) Increased shadow definition D) Minimal textural visibility
A) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail B) Enhances only reflective surfaces C) Eliminates the need for a tripod D) Produces softer and more diffused illumination
A) It avoids lens distortion B) It limits the depth of field range C) It determines the shutter speed accuracy D) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors
A) Prevent overexposure B) Increase flash synchronization C) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning D) Ensure realistic color tones
A) Increase ISO to a higher value B) Narrow the aperture to f/16 C) Reduce ISO to 100 D) Use a slower shutter speed
A) Evidence Size Documentation B) Background Neutralization C) Exaggeration Prevention Rule D) Horizontal Composition Rule
A) Wide aperture, auto ISO B) Slow shutter, high ISO C) Small aperture, low ISO D) High ISO, fast shutter
A) Increasing shutter time using a tripod B) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows C) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence D) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light
A) Scene orientation is established B) Depth of field is minimized C) Light intensity remains constant D) Flash reflection is avoided
A) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence B) Match the wavelength with white balance settings C) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification D) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background
A) Slow shutter with diffused lighting B) High ISO and wide aperture C) Narrow aperture with rear flash D) Low ISO and fast shutter speed
A) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy B) Telephoto may distort the color temperature C) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships D) Wide-angle removes depth of field
A) Lens focusing ring B) ISO control C) Image sensor D) Memory card slot
A) Telephoto lens B) Ultra-wide lens C) Macro lens D) Standard lens
A) Increase shutter speed B) Disable autofocus C) Raise ISO and narrow aperture D) Lower ISO and widen aperture
A) Changing film advance lever B) Selecting higher ASA film C) Rotating memory dial D) Adjusting lens mount
A) May shift color temperature drastically B) May remove shadow details entirely C) May increase exposure stability D) May misrepresent the distance between objects
A) Image sensor malfunctioned B) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast C) Minimum focusing distance exceeded D) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize
A) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities B) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing C) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody D) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible
A) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects B) The popularity of the analytical instrument used C) The financial value of the toxic substance detected D) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator
A) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not B) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen C) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation D) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances
A) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination B) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test C) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood D) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood
A) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` B) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain C) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container D) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure
A) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging B) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container C) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing D) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise
A) Activated charcoal only B) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM) C) Sodium bicarbonate infusion D) High-dose vitamin K therapy
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color B) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not C) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor D) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin
A) A handwritten personal letter B) A notarized affidavit C) A personal diary D) A company memo
A) VSC B) Stereomicroscope C) IR lamp D) ESDA
A) The presence of signature tremors B) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink C) Paper fiber uniqueness D) Pen pressure inconsistencies
A) It detects the weight of ink residue B) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x C) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging D) It measures paper thickness with high precision
A) Ink from different batches or pens was used B) The writer used excessive pressure when signing C) The paper is of inferior quality D) The document contains natural handwriting variation
A) Natural variation B) Disguised signature C) Forgery through tracing D) Freehand imitation
A) The signature may be simulated B) It is an authentic signature C) Ink used was incompatible D) The writer was in a hurry
A) Class characteristics B) Natural variation C) Line quality analysis D) Individual characteristics
A) The ink was exposed to moisture B) The paper is counterfeit C) Alteration likely occurred D) The lighting technique was incorrect
A) Typewriter output B) Freehand forgery C) Simulation D) Signature stamp or machine signature
A) Habitual writing behavior B) Impairment or loss of motor control C) A natural signature variation D) Possible disguise attempt
A) To determine paper density B) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation C) To assess quality of ink D) To observe fatigue in writing
A) The writer used two pens intentionally B) A mechanical copying method was used C) The paper absorbed ink unevenly D) The writing is genuine
A) The writer was under stress B) The ink has degraded over time C) The signature is simulated D) The signature is authentic with natural variation
A) The security thread has naturally faded B) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials C) The note is genuine but old D) The UV lamp is defective
A) Microprinting is naturally variable B) The document was damaged by moisture C) The ID is authentic but worn out D) The hologram was transferred from a real ID
A) Blood pressure B) Skin conductance C) Eye color D) Pupil dilation
A) Subject’s favorite color B) Length of examination only C) Ambient room temperature only D) Examiner skill and experience
A) To confuse the subject and induce errors B) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison C) To directly detect lies about the incident D) To determine the subject’s memory capacity
A) Only physical factors matter, not psychological B) It has no measurable effect C) It improves the detection of deception automatically D) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses
A) Control phase B) In-test phase C) Pre-test phase D) Post-test phase
A) Thermometer B) Galvanometer C) Pneumograph D) Cardiograph
A) Ignore both responses B) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive C) Consider the relevant question deceptive D) Restart the entire test
A) Computer software B) Cardio sensor C) Galvanometer D) Pneumograph
A) To directly confirm deception B) To confuse the subject C) To test memory retention D) To establish baseline physiological responses
A) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions B) Only by visual inspection C) Only using computer software D) By ignoring baseline readings
A) Ask more irrelevant questions B) Declare deception immediately C) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors D) Ignore inconsistencies
A) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy B) Ignore the responses and continue C) Increase the number of relevant questions D) Conclude deception automatically
A) Subject is definitely truthful B) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive C) Subject is likely deceptive D) Examiner should add more control questions
A) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence B) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception C) Measure subject’s memory accuracy D) Predict subject’s future behavior
A) Ballistic chronograph B) Rifling gauge C) Caliper D) Comparison microscope
A) It helps in measuring rifling impressions B) It prevents contamination of evidence C) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition D) It identifies the firearm used
A) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence B) Comparing bullets in the laboratory C) Photographing the suspect D) Testing the firearm immediately
A) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits B) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases C) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury D) To determine the shooter’s intent
A) To compare rifling impressions B) To identify firearm serial numbers C) To measure bullet speed and trajectory D) To document cartridge case markings
A) Disassembling the firearm in open court B) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing C) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe D) Testing bullets in front of the jury
A) Class characteristics B) Internal ballistics C) Individual characteristics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Handgun B) Rifle C) Shotgun D) Machine gun
A) Cartridge case B) Primer C) Bullet D) Firing pin
A) Terminal ballistics B) External ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Forensic ballistics
A) Internal ballistics B) Individual characteristics C) Ammunition design D) Class characteristics
A) Class characteristics B) External ballistics C) Individual characteristics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Internal ballistics B) External ballistics C) Forensic ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Internal ballistics B) Firearm classification C) Terminal ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Cartridge case B) Gunpowder C) Primer D) Bullet
A) Determining class characteristics B) Evaluating firearm classification C) Establishing individual characteristics D) Assessing external ballistics
A) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm B) Keep it loaded while packaging C) Hand it to anyone nearby D) Test fire before collection
A) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion B) To assess terminal ballistics C) To determine firearm make and model D) To measure bullet velocity accurately
A) To test them before court B) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings C) To analyze gunpowder separately D) To load them for demonstration
A) Polishing them for clarity B) Cleaning them immediately C) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging D) Keeping them in open air
A) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. B) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations. C) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise. D) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court.
A) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. B) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. C) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. D) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. |