A) Teeth change shape with age B) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat C) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma D) Teeth provide genetic information directly
A) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval B) To measure ridge density C) To classify latent prints at crime scenes D) To detect forged fingerprints
A) It requires no prior dental records B) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage C) Dental features rarely match across victims D) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers
A) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry B) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow C) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers D) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics
A) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values B) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable C) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem D) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies
A) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age B) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval C) It allows automatic destruction of old records D) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink
A) As an arch pattern B) As a whorl pattern C) As a loop pattern D) As pattern-indeterminate
A) Tented arch B) Plain whorl C) Radial loop D) Composite pattern
A) Ridge count principle B) Principle of individuality C) Ridge density standard D) Principle of permanence
A) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern B) Reject the print based solely on the pattern C) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only D) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis
A) Multiplicity B) Divergence C) Permanence D) Universality
A) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences B) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match C) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting D) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail
A) Use iodine fuming before rolling B) Apply magnetic powder C) Cut the finger and discard the skin D) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection
A) Silver nitrate B) Iodine fuming C) Ninhydrin D) Powder dusting
A) Increase pressure to improve contrast B) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled C) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion D) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling
A) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed B) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder C) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse D) Superglue → black powder → ALS
A) Gel lifter B) Adhesive tape C) Heat transfer sheet D) Ink transfer
A) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion B) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement C) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate D) Powder converts pores into visible white marks
A) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on B) Proceed directly to comparison C) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval D) Immediately declare the print an identification
A) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first B) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals C) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically D) Conducting blind and independent verification
A) Exposure Value B) Light Intensity C) Spectral Quality D) Composition
A) Off-Camera Flash B) Direct Flash C) Rear-Curtain Flash D) Bounce Flash
A) Lower contrast on surfaces B) Minimal textural visibility C) Soft blending of edges D) Increased shadow definition
A) Enhances only reflective surfaces B) Eliminates the need for a tripod C) Produces softer and more diffused illumination D) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail
A) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors B) It avoids lens distortion C) It limits the depth of field range D) It determines the shutter speed accuracy
A) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning B) Prevent overexposure C) Increase flash synchronization D) Ensure realistic color tones
A) Reduce ISO to 100 B) Narrow the aperture to f/16 C) Increase ISO to a higher value D) Use a slower shutter speed
A) Exaggeration Prevention Rule B) Evidence Size Documentation C) Background Neutralization D) Horizontal Composition Rule
A) High ISO, fast shutter B) Slow shutter, high ISO C) Wide aperture, auto ISO D) Small aperture, low ISO
A) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence B) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light C) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows D) Increasing shutter time using a tripod
A) Light intensity remains constant B) Flash reflection is avoided C) Depth of field is minimized D) Scene orientation is established
A) Match the wavelength with white balance settings B) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification C) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background D) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence
A) Narrow aperture with rear flash B) Slow shutter with diffused lighting C) High ISO and wide aperture D) Low ISO and fast shutter speed
A) Telephoto may distort the color temperature B) Wide-angle removes depth of field C) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships D) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy
A) ISO control B) Image sensor C) Lens focusing ring D) Memory card slot
A) Telephoto lens B) Ultra-wide lens C) Standard lens D) Macro lens
A) Lower ISO and widen aperture B) Disable autofocus C) Raise ISO and narrow aperture D) Increase shutter speed
A) Rotating memory dial B) Selecting higher ASA film C) Changing film advance lever D) Adjusting lens mount
A) May misrepresent the distance between objects B) May remove shadow details entirely C) May increase exposure stability D) May shift color temperature drastically
A) Minimum focusing distance exceeded B) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize C) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast D) Image sensor malfunctioned
A) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing B) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible C) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities D) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody
A) The popularity of the analytical instrument used B) The financial value of the toxic substance detected C) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator D) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects
A) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen B) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation C) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not D) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances
A) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood B) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination C) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood D) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test
A) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` B) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain C) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure D) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container
A) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise B) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging C) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container D) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing
A) Sodium bicarbonate infusion B) Activated charcoal only C) High-dose vitamin K therapy D) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM)
A) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor B) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin C) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not D) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color
A) A personal diary B) A handwritten personal letter C) A company memo D) A notarized affidavit
A) ESDA B) IR lamp C) Stereomicroscope D) VSC
A) Paper fiber uniqueness B) The presence of signature tremors C) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink D) Pen pressure inconsistencies
A) It measures paper thickness with high precision B) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging C) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x D) It detects the weight of ink residue
A) The document contains natural handwriting variation B) The paper is of inferior quality C) Ink from different batches or pens was used D) The writer used excessive pressure when signing
A) Forgery through tracing B) Freehand imitation C) Disguised signature D) Natural variation
A) Ink used was incompatible B) It is an authentic signature C) The signature may be simulated D) The writer was in a hurry
A) Line quality analysis B) Class characteristics C) Individual characteristics D) Natural variation
A) The ink was exposed to moisture B) Alteration likely occurred C) The paper is counterfeit D) The lighting technique was incorrect
A) Typewriter output B) Freehand forgery C) Signature stamp or machine signature D) Simulation
A) Possible disguise attempt B) Habitual writing behavior C) A natural signature variation D) Impairment or loss of motor control
A) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation B) To observe fatigue in writing C) To assess quality of ink D) To determine paper density
A) The paper absorbed ink unevenly B) A mechanical copying method was used C) The writing is genuine D) The writer used two pens intentionally
A) The signature is authentic with natural variation B) The ink has degraded over time C) The signature is simulated D) The writer was under stress
A) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials B) The note is genuine but old C) The UV lamp is defective D) The security thread has naturally faded
A) Microprinting is naturally variable B) The hologram was transferred from a real ID C) The document was damaged by moisture D) The ID is authentic but worn out
A) Blood pressure B) Eye color C) Skin conductance D) Pupil dilation
A) Ambient room temperature only B) Length of examination only C) Examiner skill and experience D) Subject’s favorite color
A) To determine the subject’s memory capacity B) To confuse the subject and induce errors C) To directly detect lies about the incident D) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison
A) It improves the detection of deception automatically B) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses C) Only physical factors matter, not psychological D) It has no measurable effect
A) Control phase B) Pre-test phase C) Post-test phase D) In-test phase
A) Thermometer B) Galvanometer C) Cardiograph D) Pneumograph
A) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive B) Consider the relevant question deceptive C) Ignore both responses D) Restart the entire test
A) Galvanometer B) Cardio sensor C) Computer software D) Pneumograph
A) To directly confirm deception B) To test memory retention C) To confuse the subject D) To establish baseline physiological responses
A) Only by visual inspection B) By ignoring baseline readings C) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions D) Only using computer software
A) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors B) Ignore inconsistencies C) Declare deception immediately D) Ask more irrelevant questions
A) Conclude deception automatically B) Ignore the responses and continue C) Increase the number of relevant questions D) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy
A) Examiner should add more control questions B) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive C) Subject is definitely truthful D) Subject is likely deceptive
A) Measure subject’s memory accuracy B) Predict subject’s future behavior C) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence D) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception
A) Ballistic chronograph B) Comparison microscope C) Caliper D) Rifling gauge
A) It helps in measuring rifling impressions B) It prevents contamination of evidence C) It identifies the firearm used D) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition
A) Photographing the suspect B) Comparing bullets in the laboratory C) Testing the firearm immediately D) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence
A) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits B) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases C) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury D) To determine the shooter’s intent
A) To compare rifling impressions B) To identify firearm serial numbers C) To measure bullet speed and trajectory D) To document cartridge case markings
A) Disassembling the firearm in open court B) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing C) Testing bullets in front of the jury D) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe
A) Individual characteristics B) Internal ballistics C) Class characteristics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Handgun B) Rifle C) Shotgun D) Machine gun
A) Cartridge case B) Bullet C) Firing pin D) Primer
A) Forensic ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Ammunition design B) Individual characteristics C) Class characteristics D) Internal ballistics
A) Class characteristics B) Terminal ballistics C) Individual characteristics D) External ballistics
A) Terminal ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) External ballistics D) Forensic ballistics
A) Firearm classification B) Internal ballistics C) Terminal ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Primer B) Cartridge case C) Bullet D) Gunpowder
A) Determining class characteristics B) Establishing individual characteristics C) Evaluating firearm classification D) Assessing external ballistics
A) Hand it to anyone nearby B) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm C) Test fire before collection D) Keep it loaded while packaging
A) To measure bullet velocity accurately B) To assess terminal ballistics C) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion D) To determine firearm make and model
A) To test them before court B) To analyze gunpowder separately C) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings D) To load them for demonstration
A) Cleaning them immediately B) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging C) Polishing them for clarity D) Keeping them in open air
A) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations. B) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise. C) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. D) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading.
A) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. B) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. C) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. D) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. |