A) Teeth change shape with age B) Teeth regenerate after severe trauma C) Teeth resist decomposition and extreme heat D) Teeth provide genetic information directly
A) To organize fingerprint cards for retrieval B) To classify latent prints at crime scenes C) To detect forged fingerprints D) To measure ridge density
A) Dental charts contain compulsory genetic markers B) Dental features rarely match across victims C) It requires no prior dental records D) Dentition is highly resistant to post-mortem damage
A) It determines which fingerprints are suitable for database entry B) It refines the filing sequence using ridge patterns on index fingers C) It identifies Level 3 pore characteristics D) It classifies latent prints with insufficient ridge flow
A) To analyze DNA in partially decomposed bodies B) To categorize fingerprints by their whorl values C) To match physical traits when friction ridges are unavailable D) To measure body temperature variations post-mortem
A) It allows automatic destruction of old records B) It segregates fingerprints by ethnicity and age C) It prevents contamination of fingerprint ink D) It ensures standardized filing and efficient retrieval
A) As a loop pattern B) As pattern-indeterminate C) As a whorl pattern D) As an arch pattern
A) Tented arch B) Plain whorl C) Radial loop D) Composite pattern
A) Ridge count principle B) Principle of permanence C) Ridge density standard D) Principle of individuality
A) Evaluate minutiae configuration rather than the overall loop pattern B) Convert the loop pattern into a whorl for easier analysis C) Ignore minutiae and classify using pattern shape only D) Reject the print based solely on the pattern
A) Permanence B) Multiplicity C) Universality D) Divergence
A) They originate from different individuals based on Level 3 differences B) They belong to the same individual because ridge endings match C) They are inconclusive due to lack of Level 1 detail D) They can be considered identical after applying ridge counting
A) Cut the finger and discard the skin B) Use iodine fuming before rolling C) Use rehydration or tissue-builder injection D) Apply magnetic powder
A) Ninhydrin B) Iodine fuming C) Powder dusting D) Silver nitrate
A) Use only plain impressions instead of rolled B) Reduce pressure and allow natural rolling C) Roll the finger faster to limit distortion D) Increase pressure to improve contrast
A) Powder → cyanoacrylate → magnetic powder B) Superglue → black powder → ALS C) Ninhydrin → DFO → silver nitrate as needed D) DFO → ninhydrin → water rinse
A) Ink transfer B) Gel lifter C) Heat transfer sheet D) Adhesive tape
A) Powder chemically dissolves cyanoacrylate B) Cyanoacrylate prevents any further enhancement C) Powder converts pores into visible white marks D) The hardened cyanoacrylate surface enhances powder adhesion
A) Immediately declare the print an identification B) Decide whether the print is suitable before moving on C) Skip analysis and ask for supervisor approval D) Proceed directly to comparison
A) Reviewing the first examiner’s notes first B) Rejecting the first examiner’s conclusion automatically C) Reprocessing the evidence using different chemicals D) Conducting blind and independent verification
A) Spectral Quality B) Exposure Value C) Light Intensity D) Composition
A) Rear-Curtain Flash B) Direct Flash C) Off-Camera Flash D) Bounce Flash
A) Minimal textural visibility B) Soft blending of edges C) Lower contrast on surfaces D) Increased shadow definition
A) Uses stronger wattage for sharp detail B) Produces softer and more diffused illumination C) Eliminates the need for a tripod D) Enhances only reflective surfaces
A) It ensures faithful representation of evidence colors B) It determines the shutter speed accuracy C) It avoids lens distortion D) It limits the depth of field range
A) Improve visual clarity and subject positioning B) Prevent overexposure C) Increase flash synchronization D) Ensure realistic color tones
A) Increase ISO to a higher value B) Use a slower shutter speed C) Reduce ISO to 100 D) Narrow the aperture to f/16
A) Exaggeration Prevention Rule B) Evidence Size Documentation C) Background Neutralization D) Horizontal Composition Rule
A) Slow shutter, high ISO B) Small aperture, low ISO C) Wide aperture, auto ISO D) High ISO, fast shutter
A) Adjusting lens zoom to crop shadows B) Moving the evidence closer to artificial light C) Increasing shutter time using a tripod D) Increasing flash power directly at the evidence
A) Depth of field is minimized B) Flash reflection is avoided C) Scene orientation is established D) Light intensity remains constant
A) Match the wavelength with white balance settings B) Increase shutter speed to darken fluorescence C) Disable macro mode to avoid magnification D) Use high ISO to enhance ambient background
A) Low ISO and fast shutter speed B) Narrow aperture with rear flash C) High ISO and wide aperture D) Slow shutter with diffused lighting
A) Telephoto eliminates shadow accuracy B) Wide-angle may alter spatial relationships C) Telephoto may distort the color temperature D) Wide-angle removes depth of field
A) Image sensor B) Lens focusing ring C) Memory card slot D) ISO control
A) Ultra-wide lens B) Standard lens C) Macro lens D) Telephoto lens
A) Disable autofocus B) Raise ISO and narrow aperture C) Lower ISO and widen aperture D) Increase shutter speed
A) Selecting higher ASA film B) Rotating memory dial C) Changing film advance lever D) Adjusting lens mount
A) May increase exposure stability B) May remove shadow details entirely C) May shift color temperature drastically D) May misrepresent the distance between objects
A) Shutter curtain failed to synchronize B) Minimum focusing distance exceeded C) Telephoto lenses cannot capture contrast D) Image sensor malfunctioned
A) To guarantee results are reproducible and legally defensible B) To prevent the need for confirmatory testing C) To ensure evidence is stored in climate-controlled facilities D) To allow investigators to bypass the chain of custody
A) The interpretation of toxin concentration relative to physiological effects B) The popularity of the analytical instrument used C) The financial value of the toxic substance detected D) The quantity of samples submitted by the investigator
A) Confirmatory tests rely on color changes, while preliminary tests use instrumentation B) Preliminary tests are presumptive, while confirmatory tests specifically identify substances C) Preliminary tests permanently identify a substance, while confirmatory tests only screen D) Preliminary tests require accreditation, while confirmatory tests do not
A) Perform a confirmatory test, such as a Takayama or Teichmann test B) Collect only photographs since the test already confirmed blood C) Disregard the sample due to possible contamination D) Conclude immediately that the stain is human blood
A) Packaging the moist fabric in plastic to prevent air exposure B) Folding the fabric tightly to secure the stain C) Applying heat to accelerate drying before packaging` D) Air-drying the fabric and placing it in a breathable paper container
A) Separating fragments by size and origin before sealing B) Placing fragments into cotton-filled plastic bags to minimize noise C) Cleaning the fragments with water before packaging D) Mixing all fragments from different areas into one container
A) High-dose vitamin K therapy B) Activated charcoal only C) Atropine with pralidoxime (2-PAM) D) Sodium bicarbonate infusion
A) Cyanide inhibits cellular respiration, while carbon monoxide forms carboxyhemoglobin B) Cyanide causes cherry-red skin, while carbon monoxide does not C) Carbon monoxide poisoning typically changes blood to greenish color D) Carbon monoxide smells like almonds, while cyanide has no odor
A) A notarized affidavit B) A personal diary C) A company memo D) A handwritten personal letter
A) VSC B) ESDA C) IR lamp D) Stereomicroscope
A) The presence of signature tremors B) Paper fiber uniqueness C) Chemical erasures or overwritten ink D) Pen pressure inconsistencies
A) It magnifies handwriting strokes up to 1000x B) It measures paper thickness with high precision C) It reveals erased or overwritten text using multi-spectral imaging D) It detects the weight of ink residue
A) The writer used excessive pressure when signing B) The document contains natural handwriting variation C) The paper is of inferior quality D) Ink from different batches or pens was used
A) Disguised signature B) Freehand imitation C) Forgery through tracing D) Natural variation
A) It is an authentic signature B) The signature may be simulated C) The writer was in a hurry D) Ink used was incompatible
A) Natural variation B) Class characteristics C) Individual characteristics D) Line quality analysis
A) Alteration likely occurred B) The ink was exposed to moisture C) The lighting technique was incorrect D) The paper is counterfeit
A) Simulation B) Typewriter output C) Signature stamp or machine signature D) Freehand forgery
A) A natural signature variation B) Impairment or loss of motor control C) Possible disguise attempt D) Habitual writing behavior
A) To determine paper density B) To assess quality of ink C) To obtain a sufficient range of natural variation D) To observe fatigue in writing
A) The writer used two pens intentionally B) The paper absorbed ink unevenly C) A mechanical copying method was used D) The writing is genuine
A) The writer was under stress B) The signature is simulated C) The ink has degraded over time D) The signature is authentic with natural variation
A) It is a hybrid counterfeit using mixed materials B) The note is genuine but old C) The UV lamp is defective D) The security thread has naturally faded
A) The hologram was transferred from a real ID B) The ID is authentic but worn out C) Microprinting is naturally variable D) The document was damaged by moisture
A) Eye color B) Skin conductance C) Pupil dilation D) Blood pressure
A) Ambient room temperature only B) Subject’s favorite color C) Examiner skill and experience D) Length of examination only
A) To directly detect lies about the incident B) To determine the subject’s memory capacity C) To confuse the subject and induce errors D) To establish baseline physiological responses for comparison
A) It has no measurable effect B) It improves the detection of deception automatically C) Only physical factors matter, not psychological D) Anxiety or fear may exaggerate physiological responses
A) In-test phase B) Pre-test phase C) Post-test phase D) Control phase
A) Thermometer B) Pneumograph C) Cardiograph D) Galvanometer
A) Restart the entire test B) Ignore both responses C) Consider the relevant question deceptive D) Consider the control response valid and relevant response non-deceptive
A) Cardio sensor B) Pneumograph C) Computer software D) Galvanometer
A) To directly confirm deception B) To test memory retention C) To establish baseline physiological responses D) To confuse the subject
A) Only by visual inspection B) Only using computer software C) By ignoring baseline readings D) By comparing responses to relevant, control, and irrelevant questions
A) Declare deception immediately B) Ignore inconsistencies C) Re-evaluate data and consider external factors D) Ask more irrelevant questions
A) Increase the number of relevant questions B) Consider possible countermeasures or medical conditions affecting accuracy C) Conclude deception automatically D) Ignore the responses and continue
A) Subject’s baseline responses are high, making relevant responses less conclusive B) Subject is likely deceptive C) Examiner should add more control questions D) Subject is definitely truthful
A) Measure subject’s memory accuracy B) Determine the subject’s emotional intelligence C) Analyze physiological deviation and detect deception D) Predict subject’s future behavior
A) Comparison microscope B) Rifling gauge C) Caliper D) Ballistic chronograph
A) It helps in measuring rifling impressions B) It identifies the firearm used C) It prevents contamination of evidence D) It ensures visual documentation of position and condition
A) Comparing bullets in the laboratory B) Documenting every transfer and storage of evidence C) Photographing the suspect D) Testing the firearm immediately
A) To determine the shooter’s intent B) To illustrate the relationship between firearms, bullets, and cartridge cases C) To demonstrate internal ballistics to the jury D) To show expert’s opinion without physical exhibits
A) To document cartridge case markings B) To measure bullet speed and trajectory C) To compare rifling impressions D) To identify firearm serial numbers
A) Removing all ammunition and rendering it safe B) Loading the firearm to demonstrate firing C) Disassembling the firearm in open court D) Testing bullets in front of the jury
A) Individual characteristics B) Internal ballistics C) Class characteristics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Shotgun B) Rifle C) Machine gun D) Handgun
A) Cartridge case B) Primer C) Bullet D) Firing pin
A) Forensic ballistics B) Internal ballistics C) Terminal ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Ammunition design B) Class characteristics C) Individual characteristics D) Internal ballistics
A) External ballistics B) Class characteristics C) Individual characteristics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Internal ballistics B) Terminal ballistics C) Forensic ballistics D) External ballistics
A) Firearm classification B) External ballistics C) Internal ballistics D) Terminal ballistics
A) Cartridge case B) Primer C) Gunpowder D) Bullet
A) Determining class characteristics B) Assessing external ballistics C) Establishing individual characteristics D) Evaluating firearm classification
A) Remove ammunition and secure the firearm B) Test fire before collection C) Hand it to anyone nearby D) Keep it loaded while packaging
A) To maintain chain of custody and avoid confusion B) To determine firearm make and model C) To measure bullet velocity accurately D) To assess terminal ballistics
A) To prevent corrosion and preserve markings B) To test them before court C) To analyze gunpowder separately D) To load them for demonstration
A) Keeping them in open air B) Cleaning them immediately C) Wearing gloves and using appropriate packaging D) Polishing them for clarity
A) Limit technical explanations to avoid confusing the court. B) Include only results that support the prosecution’s case to simplify reading. C) Organize the report systematically, include all findings, and provide clear interpretations. D) Use highly technical language throughout to demonstrate expertise.
A) Evacuate the laboratory and leave the spill unattended. B) Continue the experiment and report the spill after finishing. C) Contain and clean the spill following the laboratory’s spill protocol while wearing proper PPE. D) Call security personnel to remove the chemical immediately. |