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How to Identify and Classify Mushrooms
Contributed by: Crossley
  • 1. What is the primary reproductive structure of a mushroom?
A) Stem
B) Leaf
C) Root
D) Spore
  • 2. The underside of a mushroom cap is often covered with:
A) Bark
B) Scales
C) Gills or pores
D) Roots
  • 3. What is the term for the ring of tissue sometimes found on a mushroom stem?
A) Pileus
B) Annulus
C) Volva
D) Stipe
  • 4. What is the term for the cup-like structure at the base of some mushroom stems?
A) Volva
B) Stipe
C) Pileus
D) Annulus
  • 5. Which of these is NOT a key characteristic to observe for mushroom identification?
A) Stem texture
B) Cap shape
C) Root depth
D) Spore print color
  • 6. What is a spore print?
A) A measurement of cap diameter
B) A record of the mushroom's weight
C) A pattern of spores deposited on a surface
D) A visual representation of fungal DNA
  • 7. Which substrate might indicate a specific mushroom species?
A) Bare soil
B) Open fields
C) Concrete
D) Specific types of wood
  • 8. What is mycelium?
A) The vegetative part of a fungus
B) The scientific name for a mushroom
C) A type of mushroom poison
D) The fruiting body of a fungus
  • 9. What does 'saprophytic' mean in relation to fungi?
A) Living symbiotically with plants
B) Decomposing organic matter
C) Growing on rocks
D) Parasitizing living organisms
  • 10. What does 'mycorrhizal' mean in relation to fungi?
A) Parasitizing living organisms
B) Forming a symbiotic relationship with plant roots
C) Decomposing organic matter
D) Growing only in dry environments
  • 11. Which of these is a common cap shape?
A) Quadrilateral
B) Convex
C) Pentagonal
D) Triangular
  • 12. What is the best way to collect a mushroom for identification?
A) Pull it straight from the ground
B) Carefully dig it up, preserving the base
C) Cut it off at the stem
D) Smash it to release spores
  • 13. What should you do before consuming any wild mushroom?
A) Smell it carefully
B) Taste a small piece
C) Have it identified by an expert
D) Cook it thoroughly
  • 14. What does 'lamellae' refer to?
A) Stem
B) Cap
C) Spores
D) Gills
  • 15. What feature distinguishes boletes from many other mushrooms?
A) A slimy texture
B) A bright red cap
C) A strong odor
D) Pores instead of gills
  • 16. Which chemical can be used to help identify some mushroom species?
A) KOH (Potassium Hydroxide)
B) Vinegar
C) Sulfuric acid
D) Hydrochloric acid
  • 17. What is the term for mushrooms growing in a circular pattern?
A) Forest formation
B) Witches' circle
C) Fairy ring
D) Mushroom cluster
  • 18. What is the function of rhizomorphs?
A) Transporting nutrients
B) Attracting insects
C) Anchoring the mushroom
D) Protecting spores
  • 19. Which is a key indicator of deadly poisonous mushrooms?
A) Growing in groups
B) Volva and annulus
C) Pleasant smell
D) Bright colors
  • 20. What is the 'context' of a mushroom?
A) The surrounding environment
B) The mushroom's odor
C) The spore print color
D) The flesh of the cap and stem
  • 21. What is the primary role of fungi in an ecosystem?
A) Preventing soil erosion
B) Decomposition and nutrient cycling
C) Producing oxygen
D) Providing shelter for animals
  • 22. Which of these is a common type of gill attachment?
A) Connected
B) Free
C) Taped
D) Fused
  • 23. What is the importance of microscopic features in mushroom ID?
A) Determine cap size
B) Indicate spore print color
C) Help to confirm species identity
D) Determine edibility
  • 24. What is the hymenium?
A) The spore-bearing layer
B) The central core of the stem
C) The outer layer of the cap
D) The mycelial network
  • 25. What is a mushroom 'key' used for?
A) Identifying unknown species
B) Growing mushrooms
C) Cooking mushrooms
D) Storing mushrooms
  • 26. Which of these is a good field guide characteristic?
A) A short glossary
B) A list of poisonous mushrooms only
C) Detailed descriptions and illustrations
D) Recipes for mushroom dishes
  • 27. What is the function of cystidia?
A) Protective cells on the cap
B) Sterile cells on hymenium
C) Nutrient storage cells
D) Reproductive cells on the stem
  • 28. What is the best way to store mushrooms after collecting them for ID?
A) In a sealed container
B) In a paper bag
C) Submerged in water
D) In a plastic bag
  • 29. What does deliquescent gills mean?
A) Gills that are tightly packed together
B) Gills that change color when touched
C) Gills that dissolve into an inky fluid
D) Gills that are very fragile
  • 30. What is a sclerotium?
A) A hardened mass of mycelium
B) A type of mushroom stem
C) A poisonous compound found in some mushrooms
D) A type of spore
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