- 1. Criminology is the study of crime, criminals, and the criminal justice system. It examines the causes of crime, the impact of crime on society, and the methods used to prevent and control criminal behavior. Criminologists analyze data, conduct research, and develop theories to understand criminal behavior and improve the effectiveness of the criminal justice system. The field encompasses a wide range of topics, including law enforcement, corrections, victimology, and the impact of social factors on crime rates. By studying criminology, individuals can gain insights into the complexities of criminal behavior and contribute to efforts to create a safer and more just society.
What is the term for a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime?
A) Conviction
B) Arrest
C) Sentence
D) Indictment
- 2. Which type of law involves disputes between individuals or organizations and typically results in compensation or damages?
A) Constitutional law
B) Civil law
C) Criminal law
D) Administrative law
- 3. What term is used to describe a crime committed by a person of high social status in the course of their occupation?
A) White-collar crime
B) Organized crime
C) Gang-related crime
D) Street crime
- 4. Which law enforcement agency has jurisdiction over federal crimes and operates within the Department of Justice?
A) FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation)
B) ATF (Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives)
C) DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration)
D) US Marshals Service
- 5. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures?
A) Eighth Amendment
B) First Amendment
C) Fifth Amendment
D) Fourth Amendment
- 6. What is the term for a formal decision by a jury on the guilt or innocence of a defendant in a criminal case?
A) Sentence
B) Appeal
C) Verdict
D) Indictment
- 7. What is the term for a court order requiring a person to appear in court or produce evidence?
A) Subpoena
B) Indictment
C) Warrant
D) Summons
- 8. Which correctional program allows offenders to serve their sentences in the community under supervision?
A) Parole
B) Probation
C) Community service
D) Boot camp
- 9. In criminal law, what is the burden of proof required for a conviction?
A) Clear and convincing evidence
B) Preponderance of the evidence
C) Beyond a reasonable doubt
D) Probable cause
- 10. Who is responsible for determining guilt or innocence in a criminal trial?
A) Jury
B) Defense attorney
C) Judge
D) Prosecutor
- 11. What is the term for a legal principle that prevents a person from being tried again for the same crime after being acquitted?
A) Double jeopardy
B) Mens rea
C) Contempt of court
D) Due process
- 12. What is the term for a criminal act motivated by hatred or prejudice towards a specific group?
A) Hate crime
B) White-collar crime
C) Organized crime
D) Gang-related crime
- 13. Which criminological theory suggests that individuals engage in criminal behavior when they associate with delinquent peers?
A) Social learning theory
B) Self-control theory
C) Routine activity theory
D) Labeling theory
- 14. What term describes a legal directive issued by a government or court ordering a person to do or refrain from doing something?
A) Injunction
B) Summons
C) Warrant
D) Subpoena
- 15. Which U.S. Supreme Court case established the Miranda rights, requiring police to inform suspects of their rights when in custody?
A) Terry v. Ohio
B) Miranda v. Arizona
C) Gideon v. Wainwright
D) Mapp v. Ohio
- 16. In which stage of the criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea?
A) Arraignment
B) Trial
C) Sentencing
D) Pretrial
- 17. What is the term for the penalties aimed at deterring criminal behavior by the threat of punishment?
A) Deterrence
B) Restitution
C) Retribution
D) Rehabilitation
- 18. What is the goal of rehabilitation in the criminal justice system?
A) To increase incarceration rates
B) To label offenders for life
C) To help offenders reintegrate into society and prevent future criminal behavior
D) To impose harsher punishments
- 19. What is the term for property that is taken unlawfully during a criminal act?
A) Evidence
B) Stolen property
C) Contraband
D) Forfeiture
- 20. What is the term for a criminal defense where the defendant admits to the crime but offers justification?
A) Affirmative defense
B) Alibi defense
C) Insanity defense
D) Entrapment defense
- 21. What is the process of resolving disputes informally, without going to court called?
A) Sentencing
B) Prosecution
C) Mediation
D) Incarceration
- 22. Who is considered the 'Father of Classical Criminology'?
A) Cesare Beccaria
B) Karl Marx
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Jeremy Bentham
- 23. What is the legal principle that a person is innocent until proven guilty in a court of law?
A) Presumption of innocence
B) Due process
C) Habeas corpus
D) Beyond a reasonable doubt
- 24. Which type of crime involves deceit or intentional misrepresentation for financial gain?
A) Burglary
B) Fraud
C) Homicide
D) Assault
- 25. Who is responsible for interpreting and upholding the law in a courtroom?
A) Judge
B) Bailiff
C) Witness
D) Court clerk
- 26. Which correctional program allows offenders to be released from prison under supervision before serving their full sentence?
A) Probation
B) Community service
C) Restitution
D) Parole
- 27. What is the term for a criminal trial where the defendant pleads guilty in exchange for a lesser sentence?
A) Plea bargain
B) Grand jury trial
C) Arbitration hearing
D) Bench trial
- 28. What is the term for a legal document authorizing a person's arrest or search of their property?
A) Indictment
B) Subpoena
C) Summons
D) Warrant
- 29. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides protection against self-incrimination and double jeopardy?
A) Fourth Amendment
B) Fifth Amendment
C) Eighth Amendment
D) Sixth Amendment
- 30. Which court deals with appeals from lower courts and reviews legal issues?
A) Appellate court
B) Supreme Court
C) Magistrate court
D) District court
- 31. What term describes the lawful process of transferring an offender from one jurisdiction to another for prosecution or imprisonment?
A) Immunity
B) Extradition
C) Detention
D) Deportation
- 32. What is the study of crime from a scientific perspective using statistical data and analysis?
A) Psychology
B) Criminology
C) Sociology
D) Forensic science
- 33. What term is used to describe a legal principle that ensures all individuals are treated fairly and impartially within the criminal justice system?
A) Due process
B) Civil liberty
C) Martial law
D) Double jeopardy
- 34. What is the term for a less serious crime, usually punishable by fine, probation, or imprisonment for less than one year?
A) Misdemeanor
B) Infraction
C) Felony
D) Tort
- 35. Who is responsible for formally charging a suspect with a crime?
A) Prosecutor
B) Defense attorney
C) Judge
D) Jury
- 36. What is the term for a legal defense claiming the defendant was not in the right state of mind when committing the crime?
A) Affirmative defense
B) Insanity defense
C) Alibi defense
D) Entrapment defense
- 37. What does DNA stand for in the context of forensic evidence?
A) Digital numerical analysis
B) Deoxyribonucleic acid
C) Diagnostic neurology assessment
D) Data normalization analysis
- 38. What is the term for the legal process of transferring legal custody of an individual from juvenile to adult court?
A) Probation
B) Waiver
C) Detention
D) Parole
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