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How to build wickiups, longhouses, tipis, or brush shelters
Contributed by: Kay
  • 1. Which shelter is traditionally associated with nomadic Plains Indians?
A) Brush Shelter
B) Longhouse
C) Wickiup
D) Tipi
  • 2. What is the primary building material for a wickiup?
A) Animal hides
B) Snow blocks
C) Flexible branches and brush
D) Large timbers
  • 3. Longhouses are traditionally built by which group?
A) Iroquois
B) Apache
C) Inuit
D) Sioux
  • 4. What is the most crucial element for raising a tipi frame?
A) Interlocking branches
B) A tripod of poles
C) A central support pole
D) Stacked rocks
  • 5. Which shelter is the simplest and quickest to build?
A) Longhouse
B) Tipi
C) Brush Shelter
D) Wickiup
  • 6. What is typically used to cover a tipi frame?
A) Mud
B) Animal hides (historically buffalo)
C) Woven grass
D) Bark
  • 7. What is a key benefit of the longhouse's design?
A) Easy portability
B) Superior camouflage
C) Excellent insulation in extreme cold
D) Communal living space for multiple families
  • 8. What is the foundation style for a brush shelter?
A) Raised wooden platform
B) Stone foundation
C) Dugout pit
D) Generally no foundation
  • 9. What provides structural support for a wickiup?
A) Interlocking mud bricks
B) A central pole and guy lines
C) A dome-shaped frame of bent branches
D) Vertical logs
  • 10. What climate is the longhouse best suited for?
A) Tropical rainforest
B) Arid desert
C) Temperate forested regions
D) Arctic tundra
  • 11. What is the main disadvantage of a brush shelter?
A) Requires specialized tools
B) Difficult construction
C) Attracts predators
D) Limited protection from the elements
  • 12. How is the covering attached to a tipi frame?
A) Glued with natural adhesives
B) Interwoven with the poles
C) Held in place by gravity
D) Sewn together and pinned or tied
  • 13. Which shelter often included storage space within its structure?
A) Longhouse
B) Brush Shelter
C) Tipi
D) Wickiup
  • 14. What's a good location to build a brush shelter?
A) A clearing with plenty of sunlight
B) A swampy area
C) An area with readily available brush and branches
D) A rocky mountaintop
  • 15. What should you consider when selecting tipi poles?
A) Thickness and dryness
B) Straightness, length, and strength
C) Weight and texture
D) Color and flexibility
  • 16. What is a common way to weatherproof a wickiup?
A) Mud or clay daubing
B) Tar
C) Plastic wrap
D) Metal sheeting
  • 17. How are longhouses typically oriented?
A) East-West
B) According to the sun's path
C) Diagonal to prevailing winds
D) North-South
  • 18. What is the purpose of the smoke flaps on a tipi?
A) To attract rain
B) To reinforce the cover
C) To provide additional light
D) To control airflow and direct smoke out
  • 19. What tool would have been traditionally used for sewing a tipi cover?
A) Awl
B) Hammer
C) Pliers
D) Saw
  • 20. What's an important safety consideration when using a fire inside a tipi?
A) Using only dry wood
B) Keeping the fire small and contained
C) Having water nearby in case of fire
D) Proper ventilation to avoid carbon monoxide poisoning
  • 21. Why are longhouses built in a rectangular shape?
A) To maximize living space and accommodate multiple families
B) For aesthetic reasons
C) Because it's easier to build
D) To withstand strong winds
  • 22. How should you choose materials for a brush shelter?
A) Use only green, flexible branches
B) Choose materials with a strong odor to repel insects
C) Prioritize dry, non-poisonous materials
D) Use the thickest, heaviest branches possible
  • 23. What type of knot is helpful when securing tipi poles?
A) Clove hitch
B) Square knot
C) Figure eight knot
D) Bowline
  • 24. What is the purpose of the earth lodge construction technique used to build longhouses?
A) Provides insulation and stability
B) Creates a natural camouflage
C) Reduces the risk of fire
D) Allows for easy disassembly
  • 25. What is a possible hazard when building a wickiup?
A) Sinkholes
B) Flooding
C) Sharp branches or thorny bushes
D) Falling rocks
  • 26. What is a good way to improve the insulation of a brush shelter?
A) Paint the walls black
B) Line the walls with metal
C) Spray water on the walls to freeze them
D) Pile leaves and debris against the walls
  • 27. What is a windbreak?
A) A fire barrier used to prevent wildfires.
B) A type of bedding used in the tipi.
C) A structure to block or reduce the force of the wind.
D) A decorative addition to the tipi.
  • 28. The door of a tipi is typically oriented away from what?
A) The main camp
B) Prevailing winds
C) Water source
D) Sunrise
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