- 1. From about 612 BC to the Classical Age starting around 221 BC, a remarkable transformation unfolded across various civilizations, significantly shaping cultural, political, and philosophical landscapes. During this period, the Neo-Babylonian Empire rose to prominence, marked by the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II, who is famed for the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Concurrently, the Assyrian Empire, with its advanced military tactics and administrative innovations, began to wane, paving the way for other powers to ascend. In the eastern realm, the philosophies of Confucianism and Daoism began to take root in China, providing profound insights into morality, governance, and human relationships, concepts that would resonate throughout Chinese history. The emergence of the Persian Empire under Cyrus the Great brought significant shifts, as it established one of the largest empires in history, renowned for its initial policies of tolerance and administrative efficiency. Both the Mediterranean and Near Eastern regions experienced dynamic trade interactions, cultural exchanges, and the spread of ideas, setting the stage for the rich tapestry of the Classical Age. This era also witnessed the flourishing of monumental architecture, literature, and the arts, with the likes of Greek city-states, which introduced democratic principles and scientific inquiry, contrasting sharply with the autocratic systems prevalent in other regions. As the timeline approached 221 BC, the foundations for the unified imperial structures, such as the Qin Dynasty in China, began to take shape, culminating in significant advancements in governance, legalism, and infrastructure, thus ushering in a new age characterized by a concentration of power and consolidated empires that would dominate the historical narrative for centuries to come.
Who was the first emperor of China, ruling from around 221 BC?
A) Qin Shi Huang
B) Sun Tzu
C) Emperor Wu of Han
D) Confucius
- 2. Which Greek philosopher lived during the Classical Age and is known for his contributions to Western philosophy?
A) Plato
B) Aristotle
C) Hippocrates
D) Socrates
- 3. Who is considered the 'Father of History' for his work 'Histories' written during the Classical Age?
A) Thucydides
B) Herodotus
C) Xenophon
D) Plutarch
- 4. The Roman Republic was established around what year?
A) 509 BC
B) 73 AD
C) 27 BC
D) 44 BC
- 5. Who was the famous Roman general and dictator who played a crucial role in the transition from Roman Republic to Roman Empire?
A) Augustus
B) Cicero
C) Julius Caesar
D) Hannibal
- 6. Which Carthaginian military commander led an invasion of Italy during the Second Punic War?
A) Hannibal
B) Darius III
C) Scipio Africanus
D) Xerxes I
- 7. Which Roman emperor famously proclaimed himself a god and persecuted Christians during his reign?
A) Nero
B) Augustus
C) Trajan
D) Constantine
- 8. Who was the Chinese philosopher known for his teachings on ethics and morality during the Warring States period?
A) Mencius
B) Confucius
C) Sun Tzu
D) Laozi
- 9. What major conflict between Athens and Sparta took place during the Classical Age, leading to the decline of Athenian power?
A) Peloponnesian War
B) Punic Wars
C) Persian Wars
D) Greco-Persian Wars
- 10. Which Roman poet and author of the 'Aeneid' is considered one of the greatest Roman poets of the Classical Age?
A) Horace
B) Cicero
C) Virgil
D) Ovid
- 11. Which ancient empire was the largest to have ever existed in Indian subcontinent, with its peak around the 3rd century BC?
A) Maurya Empire
B) Chola Empire
C) Gupta Empire
D) Mughal Empire
- 12. Who founded the Maurya Empire in India and expanded it to become the largest empire in Indian history at the time?
A) Chandragupta Maurya
B) Harsha
C) Akbar
D) Ashoka
- 13. Which Greek mathematician and inventor of the lever and pulley is considered one of the most important mathematicians in history?
A) Euclid
B) Aristarchus
C) Pythagoras
D) Archimedes
- 14. What Persian religion, founded by the prophet Zoroaster, emphasized the concepts of dualism and the struggle between good and evil?
A) Zoroastrianism
B) Christianity
C) Buddhism
D) Judaism
- 15. In Greek mythology, who is the queen of the underworld and wife of Hades?
A) Persephone
B) Athena
C) Artemis
D) Hera
- 16. Which ancient Indian ruler promoted Buddhism and is known for his rock and pillar edicts across his empire?
A) Chandragupta Maurya
B) Ashoka
C) Akbar
D) Harsha
- 17. According to legend, Rome was founded in 753 BC by which legendary figure?
A) Hannibal
B) Romulus
C) Augustus
D) Julius Caesar
- 18. Which Greek sculptor of the Classical Age created the statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon?
A) Lysippos
B) Phidias
C) Praxiteles
D) Polykleitos
- 19. Who was the founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire around 550 BC?
A) Cyrus the Great
B) Darius I
C) Xerxes
D) Artaxerxes
- 20. In 334 BC, which famous conqueror invaded the Achaemenid Empire?
A) Genghis Khan
B) Julius Caesar
C) Alexander the Great
D) Napoleon Bonaparte
- 21. The Peloponnesian War was fought between which two powerful Greek city-states?
A) Sparta and Thebes
B) Corinth and Thebes
C) Athens and Sparta
D) Athens and Corinth
- 22. Which city-state was known for its militaristic society and emphasis on discipline and obedience?
A) Thebes
B) Sparta
C) Athens
D) Corinth
- 23. The Oracle of Delphi was dedicated to which Greek god?
A) Zeus
B) Hermes
C) Poseidon
D) Apollo
- 24. Who was the famous general and statesman of Athens during its Golden Age?
A) Aristides
B) Solon
C) Themistocles
D) Pericles
- 25. The historian Herodotus is often called the 'Father of' which field?
A) Science
B) History
C) Philosophy
D) Mathematics
- 26. The ruler of the city-state of Athens held the title of?
A) Oligarch
B) Tyrant
C) Archon
D) Monarch
- 27. Which battle in 480 BC is considered a turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars?
A) Battle of Marathon
B) Battle of Salamis
C) Battle of Thermopylae
D) Battle of Plataea
- 28. Who wrote the famous political and philosophical work 'The Republic'?
A) Thucydides
B) Plato
C) Aristotle
D) Socrates
- 29. The Iliad and the Odyssey are epic poems attributed to which ancient Greek poet?
A) Aesop
B) Sophocles
C) Hesiod
D) Homer
- 30. Which famous Greek playwright is known for works such as 'Oedipus Rex' and 'Antigone'?
A) Aeschylus
B) Euripides
C) Sophocles
D) Aristophanes
- 31. The famous military commander Hannibal was from which ancient civilization?
A) Persia
B) Rome
C) Carthage
D) Greece
- 32. Which ancient Greek physician is often referred to as the 'Father of Medicine'?
A) Asclepiades
B) Herophilus
C) Hippocrates
D) Galen
- 33. Who is credited with the creation of the first democratic government in Athens?
A) Lycurgus
B) Cleisthenes
C) Pericles
D) Solon
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