- 1. Which mountain range is located in the north of Azerbaijan?
A) Alborz Mountains
B) Talysh Mountains
C) Lesser Caucasus
D) Greater Caucasus
- 2. What is the length of Azerbaijan's border with Turkey?
A) 1,007 km
B) 15 km
C) 480 km
D) 390 km
- 3. What is the highest peak in Azerbaijan?
A) Mount Tufandag
B) Mount Ararat
C) Mount Bazardüzü
D) Mount Shahdag
- 4. Approximately what percentage of the country is covered by mountain ranges?
A) 20%
B) 10%
C) 40%
D) 60%
- 5. What is the lowest point in Azerbaijan?
A) Kura-Aras lowland
B) Caspian Sea
C) Lankaran lowland
D) Absheron Peninsula
- 6. How many of Earth's mud volcanoes are concentrated in Azerbaijan?
A) Nearly half
B) One quarter
C) Almost all
D) Ten percent
- 7. What is the name of the largest lake in Azerbaijan?
A) Lake Sevan
B) Lake Maralgol
C) Sarysu
D) Lake Goygol
- 8. Which is the longest river in Azerbaijan?
A) Aras
B) Qarqar
C) Kur
D) Samur
- 9. Where are most of Azerbaijan's islands located?
A) Lankaran coast
B) Baku Archipelago
C) Samur delta
D) Absheron coast
- 10. How many climate zones out of eleven are present in Azerbaijan?
A) Seven
B) Nine
C) Five
D) Three
- 11. Which region recorded both the absolute minimum and maximum temperatures?
A) Absheron Peninsula
B) Greater Caucasus
C) Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
D) Lankaran
- 12. Where does the maximum annual precipitation fall in Azerbaijan?
A) Ganja
B) Nakhchivan
C) Lankaran
D) Baku
- 13. What is the name of the natural gas fire that blazes on the Absheron Peninsula?
A) Baku Flame
B) Yanar Dag
C) Gas Ridge
D) Fire Mountain
- 14. Which pipeline revenue contributed to the acceleration of environmental protection after 2001?
A) Nabucco
B) Trans-Anatolian
C) South Caucasus
D) Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan
- 15. What percentage of Azerbaijan's territory is currently made up of protected areas?
A) Two percent
B) Four percent
C) Fifteen percent
D) Eight percent
- 16. Which political policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev preceded the civil unrest in the Soviet Union?
A) solidarity
B) détente
C) glasnost
D) perestroika
- 17. Which autonomous region of the Azerbaijan SSR was a site of ethnic strife?
A) Absheron
B) Talysh
C) Nakhchivan
D) Nagorno-Karabakh
- 18. What events in Baku resulted from calls for independence?
A) The Soviet Uprising
B) Red February
C) The Baku Coup
D) Black January
- 19. When did Azerbaijan adopt its Declaration of Independence?
A) 18 October 1991
B) 1 January 1992
C) 30 August 1990
D) 26 December 1991
- 20. How many United Nations Security Council resolutions demanded the withdrawal of Armenian forces?
A) Eight
B) Two
C) Four
D) Six
- 21. Who led the military insurrection that overthrew Abulfaz Elchibey in 1993?
A) Heydar Aliyev
B) Surat Huseynov
C) Ilham Aliyev
D) Rovshan Javadov
- 22. Who became President of Azerbaijan after the death of Heydar Aliyev in 2003?
A) Rovshan Javadov
B) Surat Huseynov
C) Abulfaz Elchibey
D) Ilham Aliyev
- 23. Which special police unit commander attempted a coup against Heydar Aliyev in 1995?
A) Surat Huseynov
B) Abulfaz Elchibey
C) Nikol Pashinyan
D) Rovshan Javadov
- 24. What major oil field has contributed to the improved economy of Azerbaijan?
A) Kashagan
B) Rumaila
C) Azeri–Chirag–Guneshli
D) Tengiz
- 25. When did the Republic of Artsakh dissolve and reintegrate into Azerbaijan?
A) 27 September 2020
B) 1 January 2024
C) 8 August 2025
D) 18 October 2023
- 26. Who facilitated the peace deal signed between Ilham Aliyev and Nikol Pashinyan in 2025?
A) The European Union
B) The Russian government
C) The United Nations
D) The Trump administration
- 27. What was the estimated total number of people killed in the First Nagorno-Karabakh war?
A) 30,000
B) 100,000
C) 10,000
D) 50,000
- 28. According to the 1970 census, how many ethnic Russians lived in Azerbaijan?
A) 800,000
B) 510,000
C) 300,000
D) 484,000
- 29. Which dynasty ruled the area after the Safavids?
A) Qajar
B) Afsharid
C) Ottoman
D) Zand
- 30. In what year did Nader Shah die, leading to instability?
A) 1804
B) 1828
C) 1780
D) 1747
- 31. Which war started after the Russians sacked the town of Ganja in 1804?
A) Russo-Persian War of 1826–1828
B) World War I
C) World War II
D) Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813
- 32. Which treaty ended the Russo-Persian War of 1804–1813?
A) Treaty of Gulistan
B) Treaty of Paris
C) Treaty of Turkmenchay
D) Treaty of Kars
- 33. After the Treaty of Turkmenchay, what river became the border between Russia and Iran?
A) Aras River
B) Kura River
C) Euphrates River
D) Volga River
- 34. How long did the independent Azerbaijan Democratic Republic last?
A) 48 months
B) 10 years
C) 12 months
D) 23 months
- 35. In what year was the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic established?
A) 1942
B) 1921
C) 1918
D) 1920
- 36. Which treaty signed in 1921 involved Turkey, Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia?
A) Treaty of Kars
B) Treaty of Gulistan
C) Treaty of Turkmenchay
D) Treaty of Versailles
- 37. What was the name of the German military operation that targeted Baku during World War II?
A) Operation Edelweiss
B) Operation Barbarossa
C) Operation Bagration
D) Operation Sea Lion
- 38. How many times was Azerbaijani Major-General Azi Aslanov awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union?
A) Never
B) Twice
C) Three times
D) Once
- 39. Which political party declared the independence of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic?
A) Musavat party
B) Communist party
C) Dashnak party
D) Bolshevik party
- 40. The earliest human settlement in Azerbaijan is linked to which culture?
A) Scythian culture
B) Guruchay culture
C) Sasanian culture
D) Safavid culture
- 41. Which group arrived in the region during the 9th century BC?
A) Oghuz Turks
B) Scythians
C) Sallarids
D) Timurids
- 42. Which empire integrated the region around 550 BC?
A) Achaemenid Empire
B) Abbasid Caliphate
C) Ottoman Empire
D) Sasanian Empire
- 43. What religion spread in the region following the Achaemenid conquest?
A) Islam
B) Buddhism
C) Christianity
D) Zoroastrianism
- 44. In what year did the Sasanian Empire make Caucasian Albania a vassal state?
A) 1067
B) 1501
C) 252
D) 667
- 45. Who adopted Christianity as the state religion of Caucasian Albania in the 4th century?
A) King Juansher
B) Abbas I
C) King Urnayr
D) Tahmasp I
- 46. Who held the majority of civil, religious, and military authority under Sasanian rule?
A) Byzantine emperor
B) Albanian king
C) Sasanian marzban
D) Seljuk sultan
- 47. Christian resistance led by King Juansher against the Umayyad Caliphate was suppressed in what year?
A) 252
B) 861
C) 667
D) 1538
- 48. Which dynasty was not mentioned as a local power during the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate?
A) Shaddadids
B) Sajids
C) Safavid
D) Sallarids
- 49. What group began seizing the territory at the beginning of the 11th century?
A) Achaemenids
B) Oghuz Turks
C) Timurids
D) Scythians
- 50. When did the Seljuk Empire enter the area?
A) 1501
B) 1578
C) 1722
D) 1067
- 51. Which poets gave rise to a blossoming of Persian literature under the Seljuks?
A) King Urnayr and King Juansher
B) Nizami Ganjavi and Khaqani
C) Tokhtamysh and Timur
D) Abbas I and Tahmasp I
- 52. Which empire was the Shirvanshahs a vassal state of during their war with the Golden Horde?
A) Sasanian Empire
B) Achaemenid Empire
C) Timurid Empire
D) Seljuk Empire
- 53. Which two rival Turkoman states emerged after the death of Timur?
A) Sasanids and Byzantines
B) Sallarids and Sajids
C) Shirvanshahs and Safavids
D) Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu
- 54. In what year did the Safavid dynasty subdue the Shirvanshahs?
A) 1538
B) 1578
C) 1501
D) 1722
- 55. What branch of Islam did the Safavids convert the population to?
A) Sunni Islam
B) Zoroastrianism
C) Christianity
D) Shia Islam
- 56. Which Safavid King completely deposed the Shirvanshahs in 1538?
A) Abbas I
B) Tahmasp I
C) King Urnayr
D) King Juansher
- 57. Who ousted the Ottomans from the region in the early 17th century?
A) Abbas I
B) Tokhtamysh
C) Timur
D) Tahmasp I
- 58. Which country borders Azerbaijan via the exclave of Nakhchivan?
A) Georgia
B) Turkey
C) Dagestan
D) Russia
- 59. Which civilization ruled the territory of Azerbaijan first?
A) Russian Empire
B) Caucasian Albania
C) Soviet Union
D) Qajar Iran
- 60. In what year did the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaim its independence?
A) 1828
B) 1920
C) 1991
D) 1918
- 61. What is the primary religion of the population of Azerbaijan?
A) Muslim
B) Hindu
C) Buddhist
D) Christian
- 62. What is Azerbaijan's rank on the Human Development Index?
A) 120th
B) 81st
C) 100th
D) 50th
- 63. What happened to the Republic of Artsakh in 2023?
A) It merged with Georgia
B) It declared war on Russia
C) It ended after an Azerbaijani offensive
D) It gained international recognition
- 64. How many countries does Azerbaijan have diplomatic relations with?
A) 38
B) 182
C) 100
D) 50
- 65. From which Persian satrap does the name Azerbaijan derive?
A) Diodorus Siculus
B) Atropates
C) Strabo
D) Alexander the Great
- 66. What is the meaning of the name Atropates?
A) Protected by the Holy Fire
B) Gift of the Sun
C) Land of the Kings
D) Guardian of the Mountains
- 67. Which ancient text mentions 'âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide'?
A) The Odyssey
B) Avesta's Frawardin Yasht
C) The Shahnameh
D) The Bible
- 68. Which ancient Greek historian mentioned the name Atropates?
A) Herodotus
B) Socrates
C) Diodorus Siculus
D) Plato
- 69. Which country protested the adoption of the name Azerbaijan in 1918?
A) Russia
B) Turkey
C) Iran
D) Armenia
- 70. How was the country's name spelled in Cyrillic script from 1940 to 1991?
A) Азәрбајҹан
B) Азеристан
C) Атропатена
D) Азербайджан
- 71. What was the Middle Persian evolution of the name Azerbaijan?
A) Atropatene
B) Āturpātākān
C) Arran
D) Azerbaydzhan
- 72. To which region was the name Azerbaijan exclusively applied until 1918?
A) Southern Russia
B) Northwestern Iran
C) Central Asia
D) Eastern Turkey
- 73. When was the first information on the flora and fauna of Azerbaijan collected?
A) 15th century
B) 19th century
C) 17th century
D) 20th century
- 74. How many species of mammals have been recorded in Azerbaijan?
A) 52
B) 363
C) 106
D) 97
- 75. Which species has the highest number recorded in Azerbaijan according to the text?
A) Fish
B) Reptiles
C) Birds
D) Mammals
- 76. What is the national animal of Azerbaijan?
A) Golden eagle
B) Caucasian leopard
C) Karabakh horse
D) Caspian seal
- 77. What is the current status of the Karabakh horse breed?
A) Thriving and abundant
B) Extinct
C) Domesticated for mass production
D) Endangered
- 78. What percentage of the total species growing in the Caucasus can be found in Azerbaijan?
A) 82%
B) 66%
C) 45%
D) 14%
- 79. What was Azerbaijan's 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score?
A) 5.55/10
B) 7.55/10
C) 6.55/10
D) 8.55/10
- 80. What was the global rank of Azerbaijan in the 2018 Forest Landscape Integrity Index?
A) 50th
B) 100th
C) 172nd
D) 72nd
- 81. Approximately what percentage of the total land area in Azerbaijan is covered by forest?
A) 5%
B) 33%
C) 14%
D) 66%
- 82. In 2020, how many hectares of forest were planted?
A) 944,740 ha
B) 826,200 ha
C) 305,570 ha
D) 1,131,770 ha
- 83. What percentage of naturally regenerating forest in Azerbaijan was reported to be primary forest?
A) 100%
B) 10%
C) 0%
D) 33%
- 84. What percentage of the forest area was found within protected areas in 2020?
A) 14%
B) 33%
C) 0%
D) 66%
- 85. What was the ownership status of forest area in Azerbaijan in 2015?
A) 50% public and 50% private
B) Majority private ownership
C) 100% private ownership
D) 100% public ownership
- 86. When was the constitution of Azerbaijan adopted?
A) 16 June 1999
B) 12 November 1995
C) 10 April 1997
D) 1 January 1993
- 87. How many deputies are in the Milli Majlis?
A) 100
B) 85
C) 150
D) 125
- 88. What is the term length for an elected member of the Milli Majlis?
A) Six years
B) Five years
C) Four years
D) Seven years
- 89. How many votes does the parliament need to override a presidential veto?
A) 95 votes
B) 63 votes
C) 125 votes
D) 80 votes
- 90. What is the term length for the president of Azerbaijan?
A) Five years
B) Ten years
C) Seven years
D) Four years
- 91. Which of these is NOT a branch of power in Azerbaijan?
A) Judicial
B) Legislative
C) Military
D) Executive
- 92. Who nominates the judges in the Constitutional Court, Supreme Court, and Economic Court?
A) The Cabinet of Ministers
B) The National Assembly
C) The prime minister
D) The president
- 93. Does the president have the right to dissolve the National Assembly?
A) No
B) Yes, during national emergencies
C) Yes, with parliamentary approval
D) Yes, at any time
- 94. How many cities are under the direct authority of the republic?
A) 38
B) 14
C) 66
D) 11
- 95. Which country recognized Azerbaijan on 6 November 1996?
A) Germany
B) Turkey
C) Pakistan
D) Bahrain
- 96. With how many countries does Azerbaijan have diplomatic relations?
A) 38
B) 11
C) 158
D) 66
- 97. How many international organizations is Azerbaijan a member of?
A) 14
B) 158
C) 11
D) 38
- 98. In which organization does Azerbaijan hold observer status?
A) NATO
B) European Union
C) United Nations
D) Non-Aligned Movement
- 99. In what year was Azerbaijan first elected as a non-permanent member of the UN Security Council?
A) 2001
B) 2006
C) 2021
D) 2011
- 100. How many countries supported Azerbaijan's election to the UN Security Council in 2011?
A) 38
B) 155
C) 158
D) 14
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