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Cell (biology) - Quiz
Contributed by: Roe
  • 1. Which organelles enable photosynthesis in eukaryotic algae?
A) Lysosomes
B) Chloroplasts
C) Ribosomes
D) Mitochondria
  • 2. Which polysaccharide is found in the cell wall matrix of brown algae?
A) Cellulose
B) Chitin
C) Alginate
D) Glycogen
  • 3. What is the function of the spitzenkörper in fungal cells?
A) Hyphal tip growth
B) Photosynthesis
C) Energy storage
D) DNA replication
  • 4. What components make up the cell walls of fungi?
A) Peptidoglycan
B) Cellulose
C) Chitin-glucan complex
D) Alginate
  • 5. Which term describes the protective covering found in diatoms?
A) Test
B) Frustule
C) Cell wall
D) Pellicle
  • 6. How do amoebae ingest food particles?
A) Mitosis
B) Photosynthesis
C) Binary fission
D) Phagocytosis
  • 7. Which nucleus in ciliates is responsible for general cell regulation?
A) Germline nucleus
B) Macronucleus
C) Micronucleus
D) Diplonucleus
  • 8. During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
A) Cytokinesis
B) Meiosis II
C) Mitosis
D) S phase
  • 9. What is the process of cell division in prokaryotes called?
A) Meiosis
B) Budding
C) Mitosis
D) Binary fission
  • 10. In meiosis, how many times does the DNA replicate?
A) Twice
B) Three times
C) Four times
D) Once
  • 11. What structure is found in ciliates instead of just a cell wall or membrane?
A) Frustule
B) Spitzenkörper
C) Pellicle
D) Test
  • 12. What type of cells are algae?
A) Parasites
B) Saprophytes
C) Chemoheterotrophs
D) Photoautotrophs
  • 13. What are the vacuoles used by protists to incorporate food particles called?
A) Phagosomes
B) Plastids
C) Ribosomes
D) Lysosomes
  • 14. What follows mitosis during eukaryotic cell division?
A) Binary fission
B) S phase
C) Cytokinesis
D) Meiosis
  • 15. How many haploid cells are usually produced by meiosis?
A) Eight
B) One
C) Two
D) Four
  • 16. What surrounds the cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell?
A) Cell membrane
B) Cell wall
C) Cytoskeleton
D) Nuclear envelope
  • 17. Which organelle is NOT considered part of the endomembrane system?
A) Vacuoles
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Mitochondria
  • 18. What is the primary function of the endomembrane system?
A) Cell division and mitosis
B) Modification, packaging, and transport of proteins and lipids
C) Energy production through photosynthesis
D) Genetic information storage
  • 19. What is the outermost part of the actin cytoskeleton called?
A) Cell membrane
B) Cell cortex
C) Vault
D) Peroxisome
  • 20. What is the cell membrane primarily composed of?
A) Glycogen
B) Cellulose
C) Nucleic acids
D) Lipid bilayer of phospholipids
  • 21. What term describes molecules that are partly hydrophobic and partly hydrophilic?
A) Hydrophilic
B) Hydrophobic
C) Isotonic
D) Amphiphilic
  • 22. Which model best describes the cell membrane?
A) Bilayer rigid model
B) Inducted fit model
C) Fluid mosaic model
D) Lock and key model
  • 23. What are the secretory macromolecular lipoprotein structures embedded in the cell membrane called?
A) Endosomes
B) Ribosomes
C) Porosomes
D) Peroxisomes
  • 24. What do cell surface receptors allow cells to detect?
A) Cytoplasmic pH
B) External signaling molecules
C) Nuclear protein synthesis
D) Internal energy levels
  • 25. What property allows the cell membrane to restrict the passage of certain substances?
A) Fully permeable
B) Selectively permeable
C) Solid crystalline structure
D) Completely impermeable
  • 26. Where is the cytoplasm located?
A) Inside the mitochondria
B) Only within the nucleus
C) Inside the cell membrane
D) Outside the cell membrane
  • 27. Which component is found in the cytoplasm?
A) Cell wall
B) Intercellular space
C) Vaults
D) Extracellular matrix
  • 28. What type of substances do channels and pumps in the membrane transport?
A) Only water
B) Only hormones
C) Only lipids
D) Molecules and ions
  • 29. What is the bacterial cell wall primarily composed of?
A) Peptidoglycan
B) Polypeptides
C) Hyaluronic acid
D) Polysaccharides
  • 30. What does the cell wall prevent in a hypotonic environment?
A) Translation
B) Cytolysis
C) Conjugation
D) Transcription
  • 31. Where is the bacterial chromosome located?
A) Plasmid
B) Microcompartment
C) Nucleoid
D) Cytoskeleton
  • 32. What is the typical shape of a bacterial chromosome?
A) Single circular
B) Double helix
C) Single linear
D) Multiple linear
  • 33. What genetic elements often encode antibiotic resistance?
A) Flagella
B) Ribosomes
C) Plasmids
D) Fimbriae
  • 34. Which bacteria species possesses linear plasmids?
A) Bacillus anthracis
B) Borrelia
C) Pneumococci
D) Streptococci
  • 35. Which of these is a protein-based bacterial microcompartment?
A) Nucleoid
B) Plasmids
C) Carboxysomes
D) Pili
  • 36. What organelle is found in magnetotactic bacteria?
A) Carboxysome
B) Anammoxosome
C) Magnetosome
D) Gas vesicle
  • 37. What are fimbriae composed of?
A) Hyaluronic acid
B) Pilin
C) Polysaccharide
D) Peptidoglycan
  • 38. Which appendage is responsible for bacterial attachment to host cells?
A) Flagella
B) Plasmids
C) Fimbriae
D) Capsule
  • 39. What is the function of flagella?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Antibiotic resistance
C) Movement
D) DNA storage
  • 40. What is the capsule of Streptococcus composed of?
A) Polypeptide
B) Peptidoglycan
C) Pilin
D) Hyaluronic acid
  • 41. What is the Latin meaning of the word 'cellula'?
A) Microscopic view
B) Basic unit
C) Living thing
D) Small room
  • 42. Who discovered cells in 1665?
A) Matthias Jakob Schleiden
B) Charles Darwin
C) Robert Hooke
D) Theodor Schwann
  • 43. Which of these are examples of highly-differentiated cell types that generally cannot replicate?
A) Prokaryotes
B) Red blood cells
C) Fungi
D) Bacteria
  • 44. Prokaryotes lack which specific structure that eukaryotes possess?
A) Cell membrane
B) Cytoplasm
C) Genetic material
D) A membrane-bound nucleus
  • 45. What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
A) Cell signaling
B) Protein synthesis
C) Replication
D) Photosynthesis
  • 46. What term describes the diploid cells that make up an animal or plant body?
A) Gametes
B) Protists
C) Somatic cells
D) Prokaryotes
  • 47. What is the approximate size range of most prokaryotes in diameter?
A) 5 to 10 mm
B) 0.1 to 5.0 μm
C) 0.01 to 0.05 μm
D) 10 to 50 μm
  • 48. What is the name of the largest known bacterium?
A) Protist
B) Eukaryote
C) Thiomargarita magnifica
D) Archaea
  • 49. Which organelle is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
A) Nucleus
B) Chloroplast
C) Ribosome
D) Mitochondria
  • 50. Which archaean genus lacks a cell wall?
A) Thermoplasma
B) Extremophiles
C) Somatic cells
D) Methanogens
  • 51. What is the archaean equivalent of the flagella?
A) Cilia
B) Pseudopodia
C) Archaellum
D) Pili
  • 52. What unique form of metabolism do archaea possess?
A) Aerobic respiration
B) Methanogenesis
C) Photosynthesis
D) Fermentation
  • 53. What is the meaning of the word 'eukaryote'?
A) Membrane-bound life
B) Small cell
C) True nut or true kernel
D) Complex organism
  • 54. What is a single totipotent cell that differentiates into many types of cells called?
A) Protist
B) Soma
C) Zygote
D) Gamete
  • 55. What are extensions from plastids in plant cells called?
A) Vesicles
B) Peroxules
C) Matrixules
D) Stromules
  • 56. What are extensions from mitochondria called?
A) Vaults
B) Stromules
C) Matrixules
D) Peroxules
  • 57. Are there any known archaean pathogens?
A) Only in plants
B) No
C) Only in animals
D) Yes, many
  • 58. What percentage of a cell's volume does the cytosol form?
A) 5%–10%
B) 10%–20%
C) 30%–50%
D) 60%–80%
  • 59. Which of the following is a component of the cytoskeleton?
A) Vacuoles
B) Microtubules
C) Peroxisomes
D) Lysosomes
  • 60. Where does the majority of protein synthesis and degradation occur?
A) Cytosol
B) Nucleus
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Cell membrane
  • 61. Which organelle is responsible for ribosome subunit assembly?
A) Nucleolus
B) Lysosome
C) Peroxisome
D) Mitochondria
  • 62. Which of these is a membrane-less organelle?
A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Ribosomes
  • 63. How many linear chromosomes are in the human nuclear genome?
A) 22
B) 48
C) 23
D) 46
  • 64. What is the space between the membranes of the nuclear envelope called?
A) Cytoplasm
B) Cytosol
C) Perinuclear space
D) Nucleoplasm
  • 65. Which RNA molecule adds amino acids during protein translation?
A) Ribosomal RNA
B) Nuclear RNA
C) Messenger RNA
D) Transfer RNA
  • 66. What does the cytoskeleton help with during cellular processes?
A) RNA degradation
B) Endocytosis
C) Osmosis
D) DNA replication
  • 67. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum plays a role in the sequestration and release of which element?
A) Nitrogen
B) Calcium
C) Carbon
D) Oxygen
  • 68. What are the plate-like structures of the Golgi apparatus called?
A) Mitoribosomes
B) Cytoplasm
C) Cisternae
D) Chromosomes
  • 69. How many membranes do mitochondria have?
A) One
B) Four
C) Two
D) Three
  • 70. What is the process used by mitochondria to generate energy?
A) Endosymbiosis
B) Oxidative phosphorylation
C) Binary fission
D) Protein secretion
  • 71. What molecule is primarily used by mitochondria to generate ATP?
A) Ribosomes
B) Glucose
C) Calcium
D) Lipids
  • 72. Mitochondria are believed to be descended from which type of organism?
A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Viruses
D) Plant cells
  • 73. How many proteins does mitochondrial DNA code for?
A) 1
B) 50
C) 13
D) 100
  • 74. What are the ribosomes found in mitochondria called?
A) Mitoribosomes
B) Cisternae
C) Golgi bodies
D) Cytoribosomes
  • 75. Which organelle lacks ribosomes?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • 76. What is the most acidic compartment in the cell?
A) Lysosome
B) Peroxisome
C) Vacuole
D) Ribosome
  • 77. How many hydrolytic enzymes does a lysosome contain?
A) Under 10
B) Around 30
C) Over 60
D) Exactly 100
  • 78. Which organelles are described as microbodies bounded by a single membrane?
A) Ribosomes
B) Vaults
C) Peroxisomes
D) Proteasomes
  • 79. How much larger is a vault compared to a ribosome?
A) Two times
B) Ten times
C) Five times
D) Three times
  • 80. Which human cell type has the greatest number of vaults?
A) Liver cells
B) Skin cells
C) Macrophages
D) Adipocytes
  • 81. What type of animals have two germ layers?
A) Diploblasts
B) Sponges
C) Triploblasts
D) Bilateria
  • 82. What extra layer do triploblastic animals have?
A) Endodermal layer
B) Epidermal layer
C) Mesodermal layer
D) Ectodermal layer
  • 83. What binds epithelial cells to the basement membrane?
A) Ribosomes
B) Adherens junctions
C) Desmosomes
D) Hemidesmosomes
  • 84. Approximately how many different cell types are in the human body?
A) 200
B) 1000
C) 50
D) 500
  • 85. What is the estimated cell count in an adult male?
A) 30 trillion
B) 36 trillion
C) 40 trillion
D) 28 trillion
  • 86. Which organelle is unique to animal cells according to the text?
A) Nucleus
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Centrosome
  • 87. What is the term for the cell membrane of a skeletal muscle cell?
A) Pericentriolar material
B) Sarcolemma
C) Cytoplasm
D) Sarcoplasm
  • 88. What is the term for the cytoplasm of a muscle cell?
A) Sarcolemma
B) Sarcoplasm
C) Cytosol
D) Centrosome
  • 89. What specialized cells are found in electric fish that store electrical energy?
A) Skeletal muscle cells
B) Electrocytes
C) Flame cells
D) Solenocytes
  • 90. What structure helps move the egg from the uterus to the ovary in the reproductive system?
A) Flame cells
B) Solenocytes
C) Electrocytes
D) Ciliated epithelium
  • 91. What are motile cilia also known as?
A) Peroxisomes
B) Flagella
C) Vaults
D) Centrosomes
  • 92. What do flame cells in planarians do?
A) Excretion
B) Chemosensation
C) Energy storage
D) Muscle contraction
  • 93. What is the main role of the centrosome in animal cells?
A) Protein synthesis
B) Energy storage
C) Mucus secretion
D) Microtubule organizing center
  • 94. What do centrioles form during cell division?
A) Primary cilia
B) Sarcolemma
C) Cytoplasm
D) Mitotic spindle
  • 95. What is the shape of the centrioles' organization?
A) Spherical
B) Helical
C) Flat plate
D) Cartwheel
  • 96. What substance forms the plant cuticle?
A) Lignin
B) Pectin
C) Cellulose
D) Cutin
  • 97. What are the specialized pores for cell-to-cell communication in plants called?
A) Plasmodesmata
B) Stomata
C) Peroxisomes
D) Microfilaments
  • 98. Which plastids are responsible for storing nutrients and are non-pigmented?
A) Leucoplasts
B) Chromoplasts
C) Chloroplasts
D) Peroxisomes
  • 99. What pigments are found in chromoplasts?
A) Cellulose
B) Chlorophyll
C) Lignin
D) Carotenoids
  • 100. What is the alternative name for the type of peroxisome found in germinating seeds?
A) Leucoplast
B) Ribosome
C) Glyoxysome
D) Chloroplast
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