A) Thirst B) Kidney filtration C) Sodium intake D) Hormone secretion
A) Increased production of perspiration B) Decreased osmolarity in extracellular fluid C) Increased osmolarity in extracellular fluid D) Decreased activity of the supraoptic nucleus
A) Distal convoluted tubules B) Adrenal cortex C) Posterior pituitary D) Organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis
A) 2500 ml/day B) 1500 ml/day C) 500 ml/day D) 100 ml/day
A) Primary fluid outputs B) Insensible fluid losses C) Sensible fluid losses D) Regulated renal outputs
A) 800 ml B) 400 ml C) 100 ml D) 50 ml
A) Renin and angiotensin B) Vasopressin and aldosterone C) Adrenaline and cortisol D) Insulin and glucagon
A) Secretion remains constant B) Secretion is converted to renin C) Secretion is increased D) Secretion is suppressed
A) Hypothalamus B) Intermediate lobe C) Posterior pituitary D) Anterior pituitary
A) Reabsorption of sodium and water B) Inhibition of aquaporin expression C) Absorption of potassium only D) Excretion of sodium and water
A) Potassium B) Chloride C) Calcium D) Magnesium
A) Stimulates reabsorption of sodium ions B) Inhibits aquaporin channel expression C) Stimulates excretion of sodium ions D) Stimulates potassium reabsorption
A) Release of ADH B) Release of renin C) Decrease in osmolarity D) Release of aldosterone
A) ~1500 ml/day B) ~2500 ml/day C) ~1000 ml/day D) ~3000 ml/day
A) 50 ml B) 20 ml C) 100 ml D) 150 ml
A) Hypovolemia B) Hypervolemia C) Euvolemia D) Dehydration
A) 1 to 2 days B) 4 to 6 weeks C) 10 to 12 weeks D) A few days
A) Hyponatremia B) Hypocalcemia C) Hyperkalemia D) Hypernatremia
A) To store electrolytes B) To excrete metabolic waste C) To regulate body temperature D) To maintain blood pressure
A) Water intoxication B) Profuse sweating C) Kidney or cardiovascular problems D) Dehydration
A) Perspiration B) Respiration C) Metabolic synthesis D) Expectoration
A) Keep concentrations within healthy ranges B) Ignore electrolyte levels C) Maximize electrolyte absorption D) Eliminate all electrolytes from the body
A) Measuring blood pressure B) Treatment for dehydration C) Reducing metabolic waste D) Treatment for water intoxication |