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JULIET2- LEA4
Contributed by: Gentalian
  • 1. Which scenario best demonstrates a misalignment between strategic and
    operational plans within a law enforcement agency implementing Patrol Plan 2030?
A) D. A city-wide plan to reduce drug-related crimes aligns with the strategic goal of a drug-free community
B) C. Leadership introduces modern data analytics tools while maintaining the use of crime mapping
C) A. A precinct focuses on foot patrols in high-crime areas while the national directive emphasizes community partnership.
D) B. Officers are sent to new beats without undergoing the mandated training under the national strategy
  • 2. If a police administrator designs a five-year anti-terrorism initiative that disregards
    present crime trends and lacks specific implementation steps, what planning
    principle has been most critically violated?
A) A. Flexibility
B) D. Coordination
C) C. Continuity
D) B. Realism
  • 3. . "Tactical plans are to law enforcement operations as _____ is to organizational
    vision."
A) B. Strategic plans
B) D. Patrol deployment schedules
C) A. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
D) C. Contingency plans
  • 4. An agency under the Performance Governance System (PGS) fails to meet its
    performance targets despite a well-crafted plan. Which of the following is the most
    plausible cause based on evaluation logic in strategic planning?
A) D. The agency focused solely on resource allocation.
B) A. The plan lacked a defined mission statement.
C) C. The planning process excluded junior officers.
D) B. The implementation phase did not follow the feedback mechanism.
  • 5. . If a law enforcement agency’s plan is developed to respond to a one-time major
    international event, which type of plan classification best applies—and what is the
    most important element to ensure its success?
A) D. Single-use plan; coordination among stakeholders
B) A.Standing plan; uniformity of rules
C) C. Strategic plan; resource optimization
D) B. Contingency plan; readiness and flexibility
  • 6. A police commander designing a 5-year anti-crime roadmap aligns his unit’s plan
    with Patrol Plan 2030. This demonstrates which principle of planning?
A) A. Flexibility in adapting to local issues
B) D. Minimization of stakeholder participation
C) B. Integration with institutional strategic goals
D) C. Exclusivity of departmental discretion
  • 7. When the PNP adopts the Performance Governance System (PGS), it
    emphasizes measurable outputs and accountability. This best reflects which element
    of planning
A) B. Strategic autonomy and decentralization
B) C. Procedural flexibility
C) A. Vision-oriented performance alignment
D) D. Tactical centralization
  • 8. A precinct plan that focuses only on a single operation without considering broader
    community impact fails under which type of planning deficiency?
A) A. Operational disconnect
B) B. Tactical inconsistency
C) C. Strategic isolation
D) D. Resource deficiency
  • 9. Comparing “Patrol Plan 2030” to a private company’s “Balanced Scorecard,” what
    analytical conclusion can be drawn?
A) Both emphasize short-term metrics
B) Both focus on profit generation
C) Both prioritize reactive rather than proactive strategies
D) Both align operational tasks with strategic outcomes
  • 10. A commander revises the crime reduction plan after an unexpected rise in cyber
    incidents. This is an example of:
A) Procedural violation
B) Dynamic adaptation of operational planning
C) Dynamic adaptation of operational planning
D) Dynamic adaptation of operational planning
  • 11. A newly appointed police chief is tasked with improving community relations in a
    district plagued by distrust and allegations of police misconduct. Which of the
    following planning approaches would be MOST effective in addressing this complex
    issue?
A) Implementing a zero-tolerance policy for all crimes, regardless of severity.
B) Developing a comprehensive strategic plan that incorporates community input, focuses on problem-oriented policing, emphasizes de-escalation training, and establishes clear accountability mechanisms.
C) Ignoring community concerns and focusing solely on reducing crime statistics.
D) Increasing police presence in the district through saturation patrols.
  • 12. A law enforcement agency has successfully implemented the Performance
    Governance System (PGS). However, internal surveys reveal that officers feel
    overwhelmed by the data collection and reporting requirements, leading to
    decreased morale. Analyze this situation and determine the MOST appropriate
    course of action.
A) Streamline the data collection process, provide additional training and support to officers, and emphasize the value of PGS in improving overall effectiveness and community outcomes.
B) Increase the data collection and reporting requirements to ensure accurate performance measurement.
C) Eliminate the PGS program to improve officer morale.
D) Ignore the officer complaints and continue implementing the PGS program as originally designed.
  • 13. "Patrol Plan 2030" aims to leverage technology to enhance patrol effectiveness. However, concerns are raised about potential privacy violations associated with the
    use of body-worn cameras and predictive policing algorithms. How can the agency
    BEST address these ethical considerations while still achieving the goals of the plan?
A) Implement these technologies without any restrictions to maximize their potential benefits.
B) Abandon the use of body-worn cameras and predictive policing algorithms altogether.
C) Rely solely on traditional patrol methods and avoid the use of technology altogether.
D) Develop clear policies and procedures that govern the use of these technologies, emphasizing transparency, accountability, and respect for individual privacy rights, and regularly audit their implementation.
  • 14. A law enforcement agency is developing a contingency plan to address a
    potential terrorist attack. Which of the following factors is MOST critical to consider
    when assessing the potential impact of such an event?
A) The likelihood that the attack will actually occur.
B) The availability of resources to respond to the attack.
C) The potential for mass casualties, infrastructure damage, economic disruption, and psychological trauma.
D) The political affiliation of the potential terrorists.
  • 15. A police department is facing a budget crisis and must make difficult decisions
    about resource allocation. Which of the following approaches BEST reflects the
    principles of evidence-based policing and strategic planning?
A) Protecting the jobs of all sworn officers, regardless of their performance.
B) Eliminating funding for community policing initiatives to save money.
C) Prioritizing funding for units and programs that have demonstrated the greatest impact on crime reduction and community safety, even if it means reducing resources for other areas.
D) Making across-the-board budget cuts to all units and programs.
  • 16. The Patrol Plan 2030 is primarily anchored on:
A) Militarized command structure
B) Reactive policing
C) Rapid deployment tactics
D) Performance Governance System for strategic accountability
  • 17. The essence of the PGS in policing is to:
A) Centralize command to NCR
B) Reduce training costs
C) Align operational outputs with institutional vision
D) Measure officer discipline only
  • 18. A precinct commander implementing community feedback in patrol planning
    demonstrates:
A) Stakeholder governance
B) Procedural rigidity
C) Hierarchical bias
D) Tactical secrecy
  • 19. The “Balanced Scorecard” of PGS measures:
A) Equipment use
B) Number of arrests
C) Police income
D) Organizational performance through key results areas
  • 20. Patrol Plan 2030’s integration of transparency and accountability reflects:
A) non-engagement strategy
B) Bureaucratic regulation
C) Ethics-driven leadership
D) Personnel isolation
  • 21. A security director develops a long-term policy outlining the organization’s mission
    and direction for risk reduction. However, supervisors remain unsure of their daily
    duties. What type of planning imbalance does this indicate?
A) Failure to implement contingency planning
B) Overemphasis on tactical planning
C) Lack of procedural coordination
D) Overreliance on strategic planning without adequate operational translation
  • 22. In analogy: “Contingency plan is to uncertainty” as “standing plan is to ____.”
A) Innovation
B) Short-term emergencies
C) Strategic transformation
D) Routine and repetitive situations
  • 23. A company has effective crisis response procedures but no structured schedule
    for preventive drills or reviews. From a planning evaluation perspective, this
    weakness reflects:
A) Misplaced priority on vision over policy
B) Excessive long-term planning
C) Inconsistent command delegation
D) Lack of continuous planning cycle and feedback mechanism
  • 24. A chief of security prefers to issue directives for every incident instead of creating
    general standing guidelines. This reveals a misunderstanding between which two
    planning classifications.
A) Single-use and standing plans
B) Operational and tactical plans
C) Formal and informal plans
D) Strategic and contingency plans
  • 25. A security manager creates an annual leadership development plan, while
    another prepares daily guard deployment schedules. Their plans demonstrate what
    kind of relationship?
A) Duplication of planning hierarchy
B) Complementary relationship between strategic and operational plans
C) Lack of unified purpose and coordination
D) Conflict between two identical planning levels
  • 26. A crime analyst observes that burglary incidents rise near convenience stores after
    midnight. Instead of increasing patrol randomly, the analyst recommends targeted
    patrols around those stores. This recommendation applies which analytical approach?
A) Temporal-spatial correlation analysis
B) Reactive incident response
C) Randomized patrol deployment
D) Predictive policing through hotspot identification
  • 27. In analogy: “Crime mapping is to visualization of data” as “crime analysis is to
    ____.”
A) Evaluating trends and identifying criminal patterns
B) Drawing jurisdictional boundaries
C) Gathering raw data from police blotters
D) Displaying statistics for reports
  • 28. A police station installs new crime-mapping software but continues to experience
    misallocation of patrol units because input data are outdated. From an evaluative
    standpoint, the failure lies primarily in which phase of the crime analysis process?
A) Data collection and validation
B) Interpretation of results
C) Decision implementation
D) Strategic planning
  • 29. When an analyst clusters robbery incidents by time and location, it shows that
    crimes occur near transport terminals every payday. Interpreting this pattern reflects
    which key concept of situational crime prevention?
A) Removing offender motivation
B) Improving post-incident investigation
C) Increasing punishment severity
D) Reducing situational opportunity through focused intervention
  • 30. Which of the following scenarios BEST demonstrates the misapplication of hotspot
    analysis in strategic resource allocation by law enforcement agencies?
A) Establishing fixed checkpoints in regions previously identified as transient hotspots with declining trends.
B) Coordinating community policing programs in persistent hotspot areas with consistent crime patterns.
C) Utilizing near-repeat analysis to inform predictive patrol routes around recent burglary incidents.
D) Deploying additional patrol units to areas with high temporal density of crimes during specific hours.
  • 31. An intelligence analyst is tasked with evaluating crime trends for urban thefts. The
    analyst uses thematic maps rather than tabular reports. What is the MOST likely
    advantage of this decision?
A) non-graphical indicators are inherently less reliable than thematic maps.
B) The analyst prioritizes efficiency in statistical documentation.
C) Visual representation allows faster interpretation of spatial patterns.
D) Thematic mapping eliminates the need for geocoded data.
  • 32. Spatial regression is to crime causality as geographic profiling is to:
A) Predictive policing
B) Crime scene reconstruction
C) Offender location inference
D) Temporal mapping
  • 33. Which of the following BEST critiques the reliability of geographic profiling when
    used independently of crime pattern theory?
A) Crime pattern theory is obsolete in modern geographic information systems (GIS).
B) Geographic profiling focuses only on known offenders, reducing its applicability to first-time offenders.
C) Geographic profiling is always more reliable than pattern theory due to its mathematical models.
D) Without crime pattern theory, geographic profiling lacks behavioral context behind spatial data.
  • 34. Assuming an area with rising gang-related violence, which strategic response
    MOST effectively integrates geographic information of crimes with spatial regression
    analysis?
A) Using neighborhood watch programs in low-crime residential zones.
B) Mapping gang territories and correlating incidents with demographic stress indicators.
C) Increasing foot patrols uniformly across the entire precinct.
D) Removing statistical outliers to avoid misrepresentation of data.
  • 35. Thematic crime mapping primarily assists law enforcers in:
A) Simplifying patrol scheduling
B) Avoiding accountability
C) Reducing manpower
D) Visualizing crime trends by theme or category
  • 36. GIS based crime analysis is valuable because it:
A) Focuses solely on demographics
B) Replaces human analysis
C) Correlates geographic data with crime patterns
D) Automates patrol routes only
  • 37. “Hotspot” analysis provides operational value by:
A) Concentrating resources where crimes cluster
B) Prioritizing low-crime zones
C) Reducing officer workload
D) Identifying patrol failures
  • 38. When law enforcement profiles an offender based on geographic patterns, it
    applies:
A) Incident coding
B) Spatial analysis
C) Demographic regression
D) Victimology
  • 39. The ethical issue in crime mapping arises when:
A) Data is collected accurately
B) Crime density maps are publicly shared without privacy safeguards
C) Maps are restricted to police use
D) Analysis is confidential
  • 40. A commander interprets a crime density map showing declining incidents in one
    area but rising in a nearby location after patrols were reassigned. What is the most
    likely interpretation?
A) Criminals have been deterred completely by the new patrol assignments.
B) The crime map data is unreliable and should be ignored.
C) Crime has been displaced to nearby areas due to reduced patrol presence.
D) Crime prevention strategies are equally effective in all areas.
  • 41. A city is experiencing a surge in residential burglaries. A crime analyst creates a
    thematic map showing burglary rates per neighborhood, revealing a cluster of high-
    burglary areas near major transportation corridors. Based on this analysis, which of
    the following strategies would be MOST effective in addressing the problem?
A) Increasing police patrols in all neighborhoods equally.
B) Focusing targeted patrols and community outreach efforts in the high-burglary areas near transportation corridors, combined with improved lighting and security measures in those neighborhoods.
C) Ignoring the map and relying solely on historical crime data to allocate resources.
D) Implementing a city-wide curfew to restrict movement at night.
  • 42. A police department is using hotspot mapping to identify areas with high rates of
    drug-related offenses. However, the hotspots appear to be concentrated in areas
    with high levels of police activity. Analyze this situation and determine the MOST
    likely explanation for this pattern.
A) The increased police presence is effectively deterring crime in those areas.
B) The hotspot map is inaccurate and unreliable.
C) The police are intentionally targeting innocent people in those areas.
D) The increased police presence is leading to more arrests and reported incidents, artificially inflating the crime rates in those areas.
  • 43. A crime analyst conducts a spatial regression analysis to identify factors
    associated with violent crime rates in different census tracts. The analysis reveals a
    strong positive correlation between violent crime and poverty rates, and a negative
    correlation between violent crime and access to public transportation. Based on
    these findings, which of the following policy interventions would be MOST likely to
    reduce violent crime?
A) Increasing the number of police officers in wealthy neighborhoods.
B) Reducing funding for public transportation.
C) Implementing programs to reduce poverty and improve access to public transportation in high-crime areas.
D) Building more prisons to incarcerate violent offenders.
  • 44. Law enforcement is investigating a series of rapes committed by the same
    offender. Geographic profiling suggests that the offender likely resides within a
    specific radius of the crime scenes. However, the area identified by the geographic
    profile includes a mix of residential neighborhoods, commercial districts, and
    industrial areas. How can investigators BEST refine their search to increase the
    likelihood of identifying the offender?
A) Ignoring the geographic profile and relying solely on witness testimony.
B) Arresting all individuals who live within the geographic profile.
C) Focusing investigative efforts on residential areas within the geographic profile and prioritizing potential suspects with a history of similar offenses.
D) Conducting a door-to-door search of every residence in the area.
  • 45. A police department is using crime mapping to track the locations of vehicle
    thefts. However, the map only shows the location where the vehicle was recovered, not the location where it was stolen. Analyze this situation and determine the MOST
    significant limitation of this approach.
A) The map is useless because it doesn't show the exact location of the theft.
B) The map provides valuable information about where stolen vehicles are being abandoned.
C) The map is too complicated for police officers to understand.
D) The map may provide a misleading picture of where vehicle thefts are occurring, as the recovery location may be far from the actual theft location.
  • 46. A police analyst uses crime heat maps to allocate patrols in high-theft zones. This method applies which analytical approach?
A) Thematic regression
B) Non-graphical indicator analysis
C) Hotspot mapping
D) Descriptive profiling
  • 47. If a district commander uses socioeconomic data to interpret burglary patterns, which crime mapping approach integrates social context with spatial data?
A) Geographic profiling
B) Spatial regression analysis
C) Thematic mapping
D) Thematic mapping
  • 48. Thematic maps highlight crime types by color intensity. Its analytical advantage
    lies in:
A) Eliminating the need for GIS tools
B) Avoiding public data transparency
C) Emphasizing individual case narratives
D) Displaying quantitative data trends visually
  • 49. If a profiler uses movement patterns of serial offenders to predict their next strike
    area, this process demonstrates:
A) Spatial regression modeling
B) Thematic projection
C) Geographic profiling
D) Predictive static analysis
  • 50. Which best describes the analytical shift from non-graphical indicators to
    geographic information systems (GIS)?
A) From quantitative to qualitative reasoning
B) From community engagement to statistical control
C) From text-based reports to visual spatial insight
D) From policy analysis to judicial intervention
  • 51. In the planning cycle, the PNP’s identification of crime trends before resource
    deployment demonstrates which step?
A) Policy formulation
B) Situational analysis
C) Assessment phase
D) Implementation
  • 52. The PDEA coordinates with PNP and BID to intercept an international drug courier. This illustrates which operational planning element?
A) Tactical redundancy
B) Administrative oversight
C) Inter-agency collaboration
D) Centralized command
  • 53. When the BFP integrates fire risk mapping into its community drills, what concept
    is being applied?
A) Preventive planning through hazard assessment
B) Bureaucratic documentation
C) post-event tactical adjustment
D) Reactive suppression strategy
  • 54. The PCG designs a coastal monitoring plan based on smuggling patterns. The
    process demonstrates which planning principle?
A) Post-crisis response model
B) Goal congruence with maritime security strategy
C) Duplication of PNP authority
D) Operational stagnation
  • 55. When the NBI uses predictive analytics to anticipate cybercrime trends, what
    phase of law enforcement planning is reflected?
A) Implementation
B) Forecasting and intelligence assessmentForecasting and intelligence assessment
C) Risk termination
D) Evaluation
  • 56. During a joint inter-agency anti-terrorism operation in a coastal barangay, one
    agency took the lead in maritime perimeter security while another handled forensic
    evidence collection inland. Considering the operational mandates, which of the
    following best reflects the appropriate inter-agency role alignment?
A) NBI leads security; BID manages forensics
B) PNP leads both perimeter and inland operations
C) PCG leads perimeter security; NBI manages inland forensics
D) PDEA leads perimeter security; BFP manages inland forensics
  • 57. A national task force was created to suppress a major transnational drug operation. Given the following agency roles, which combination would be strategically
    ineffective in the planning phase due to jurisdictional overlap and lack of operational
    synergy?
A) PCG, BFP, and BID
B) PNP, NBI, and PDEA
C) PNP, BID, and PCG
D) PDEA, BID, and NBI
  • 58. As the PNP is to "Internal Peace and Order," the BFP is to:
A) "Fire Safety and Suppression"
B) "Intelligence Surveillance"
C) "Customs Enforcement"
D) "Border Regulation"
  • 59. An immigration crackdown revealed a syndicate forging travel documents and
    trafficking individuals via air and sea. Which of the following operational structures
    would best demonstrate the application of inter-agency planning and jurisdictional
    optimization?
A) PDEA for detaining illegal aliens, NBI for deportation, PCG for logistics Correct
B) PNP for passport authentication, BFP for victim support, PCG for surveillance
C) BID for document verification, NBI for criminal investigation, PCG for port monitoring
D) BID for immigration holds, PCG for air intelligence, NBI for arrest
  • 60. In planning a pre-emptive operation against a fire-prone drug laboratory located
    near a port area, which agency should not be primarily involved during the initial
    operational planning phase?
A) BFP
B) PCG
C) BID
D) PNP
  • 61. (Analytical – Integration of Multi-Agency Planning) A joint task force composed of
    the PNP, PDEA, and NBI is formed to dismantle a major drug syndicate. The team, however, immediately conducts a raid without establishing coordination protocols,
    intelligence validation, or legal documentation. Based on law enforcement planning
    principles, how should this operation be evaluated?
A) Flawed, because operational urgency cannot substitute for structured planning and inter-agency coordination.
B) Valid, as long as arrests are made successfully.
C) Acceptable, if the target is confirmed by one participating agency.
D) Efficient, since quick action prevents criminal escape.
  • 62. (Evaluation – PNP Operational Planning Logic) A provincial police office prepares
    a crime suppression operation but fails to include an evaluation phase after
    completion. Under PNP operational standards, which principle of planning was
    disregarded?
A) Command supervision
B) Organization of manpower
C) Post-operation assessment and feedback
D) Assignment of logistical support
  • 63. (Analogy – Agency Function and Planning Focus) BFP is to fire risk assessment
    and contingency planning, as PCG is to ________.
A) Drug interdiction on land borders
B) Immigration screening and deportation
C) Maritime law enforcement and coastal emergency response
D) Investigation of corporate crimes
  • 64. (Evaluation – Coordinated Risk-Based Operations) During a port inspection, the
    BID, PCG, and PNP-Maritime Group identify irregular movements of foreign
    nationals. The BID recommends deportation, while the PCG insists on immediate
    detention without diplomatic coordination. If you are the designated operation
    planner, what is the most appropriate decision following inter-agency operational
    planning principles?
A) Prioritize detention and process documents later.
B) Suspend the operation pending legal opinion from the DOJ and DFA.
C) Defer to whichever agency has the most manpower.
D) Proceed with deportation upon BID’s recommendation alone.
  • 65. (Synthesis – Strategic Planning in Specialized Agencies) A major oil spill occurs
    near the coast, prompting the activation of PCG, BFP, and LGU disaster units. To
    ensure effective law enforcement and emergency planning, which integrated step
    should guide all participating units?
A) Conduct parallel operations to show individual agency efficiency.
B) Focus on independent mandates to avoid overlap.
C) Follow a unified incident command system integrating communication, logistics, and post-incident review.
D) Allow the PCG to lead without consultation since it’s maritime in nature.
  • 66. An anti-smuggling operation involving the Coast Guard and BOC exemplifies:
A) Horizontal inter-agency coordination
B) Internal discipline
C) Command fragmentation
D) Tactical redundancy
  • 67. The PDEA’s operational planning differs from PNP’s in that it:
A) Prioritizes community relations
B) Centers on intelligence-driven drug law enforcement
C) Focuses on maritime defense
D) Has no arrest authority
  • 68. Which agency best exemplifies preventive rather than reactive enforcement?
A) BID
B) PDEA
C) BFP
D) NBI
  • 69. The role of BID in law enforcement operations primarily involves:
A) Local crime prevention
B) Domestic policing
C) Drug interdiction
D) Border control and migration compliance
  • 70. When NBI shares intelligence with PNP for a manhunt, it demonstrates:
A) Procedural redundancy
B) Operational secrecy
C) Inter-agency synergy for national security
D) Jurisdictional rivalry
  • 71. If thematic mapping gives the where, then spatial regression gives the why. This
    analogy best emphasizes:
A) Correlation between place and crime cause
B) Data visualization accuracy
C) Temporal patterns of offense
D) Crime volume computation
  • 72. A crime analyst correlates poverty, lighting conditions, and unemployment with
    robbery rates across barangays. This approach reflects:
A) non-graphical indication
B) Thematic charting
C) Hotspot mapping
D) Spatial regression analysis
  • 73. When law enforcement uses geographic profiling, the primary goal is to:
A) Measure police presence
B) Identify likely residence or base of an offender
C) Detect the number of offenders
D) Predict the next crime time
  • 74. .Hotspot mapping is to crime concentration as thematic mapping is to:
A) Crime distribution
B) Crime escalation
C) Crime motivation
D) Crime prevention
  • 75. A commander uses non-graphical indicators to analyze monthly theft patterns. This decision reflects:
A) Redundancy of graphical analysis
B) Reliance on data interpretation beyond visuals
C) Poor data conversion
D) Overdependence on visual maps
  • 76. A city redesigns its parks with better lighting and open sightlines. This practice
    reflects which application of crime prevention theory?
A) Situational crime prevention through CPTED
B) Reactive law enforcement
C) Broken windows policing
D) Rapid response strategy
  • 77. If “place design” is to physical deterrence, “environmental design” is to:
A) Behavioral influence through spatial layout
B) Legal framework creation
C) Post-crime investigation
D) Law enforcement saturation
  • 78. An analysis shows that poorly lit alleyways correlate with higher robbery rates. The
    evaluation-based response should be to:
A) Increase lighting and redesign access points
B) Add signage only
C) Deploy random patrols without analysis
D) Remove street cameras
  • 79. The philosophy behind designing safer spaces aligns most closely with:
A) Legal formalism
B) Criminology of place
C) Deterrence through punishment
D) Intelligence-led policing
  • 80. Environmental criminology’s contribution to policing is best described as:
A) Minimizing police involvement in planning
B) Treating crime purely as individual pathology
C) Eliminating the need for patrols
D) Integrating spatial science into crime prevention
  • 81. A city planner is using GIS to analyze the relationship between urban design and
    crime patterns. Which of the following environmental design elements is most likely
    to contribute to increased crime rates?
A) Density of liquor stores and bars
B) Proximity to public transportation hubs
C) Availability of green spaces and parks
D) Presence of CCTV cameras and street lighting
  • 82. A crime analyst is using GIS to identify hotspots of residential burglary in a
    neighbourhood. Which of the following spatial analysis techniques would be most
    effective in identifying areas with high crime concentrations?
A) Spatial autocorrelation analysis
B) Hotspot analysis with spatial regression
C) Kernel density estimation
D) Geographic profiling
  • 83. A law enforcement agency is using GIS to evaluate the effectiveness of a new
    crime prevention initiative. Which of the following metrics would be most suitable for
    measuring the initiative's impact on crime rates?
A) Number of arrests made per month
B) Response times to emergency calls
C) Community satisfaction surveys
D) Change in crime rates over time
  • 84. An urban planner is using GIS to design a new public space. Which of the
    following design principles would be most effective in reducing crime opportunities?
A) Incorporating natural barriers and obstacles
B) Providing multiple escape routes
C) Maximizing visibility and surveillance
D) Creating narrow alleys and pathways
  • 85. A researcher is using GIS to analyse the relationship between environmental
    design and crime patterns in a high-crime area. Which of the following spatial
    relationships would be most likely to indicate a crime generator?
A) Location of schools and community centers
B) Density of street vendors
C) Proximity to major highways
D) Presence of abandoned buildings
  • 86. A criminologist is assigned to evaluate a rise in burglary incidents in a mid-sized
    urban area. Using GIS, she overlays crime data with physical environment features
    such as alleyways, street lighting, and building density. Based on environmental
    criminology theories, which of the following GIS-based strategies would most likely
    help predict future burglary hotspots?
A) Assessing commercial establishments with CCTV presence in the central business district
B) Mapping proximity of residential zones to police precincts
C) Analysing spatial patterns of poor lighting, low natural surveillance, and escape routes
D) Identifying population density and community events in the area
  • 87. An urban planner consults a criminologist to redesign a park known for drugrelated crimes. Several GIS layers show high foot traffic, poor visibility, and limited
    access control. Which design intervention best demonstrates the application of
    CPTED principles in crime prevention?
A) Increasing police patrols during night hours without physical modifications
B) Installing surveillance cameras without altering the physical layout
C) Redesigning pathways to increase visibility and eliminate concealed areas
D) Adding signage that warns of criminal penalties for illegal activities
  • 88. As broken windows theory is to social disorder, so is which of the
    following to opportunity reduction in environmental design?
A) Defensible space theory
B) Routine activity theory
C) Labelling theory
D) Differential association theory
  • 89. During a spatial crime analysis using GIS, a criminologist notices that vehicle
    thefts are concentrated near major intersections and parking complexes. Applying
    spatial analysis tools and environmental criminology, what is the most logical
    interpretation of this spatial pattern?
A) These areas have poor lighting, which naturally attracts offenders
B) These areas are close to police precincts, which paradoxically attract criminal attention
C) The pattern reflects random distribution due to city-wide population density
D) Offenders target these locations for easy access, escape routes, and low guardianship
  • 90. After a 6-month GIS-based crime analysis of thefts in a university district, findings
    show clustering around off-campus housing. As a criminologist presenting to a local
    government, what is the most effective policy recommendation based on the
    environmental design findings?
A) Require landlords to implement CPTED features such as fencing and motion- activated lighting
B) Implement curfews for off-campus students during nighttime hours.
C) Encourage student awareness campaigns about personal property security
D) Relocate the police station closer to the university
  • 91. CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) focuses on:
A) Penal reform
B) Law enforcement response
C) Architectural deterrence and natural surveillance
D) post-crime investigation
  • 92. Which CPTED principle emphasizes maximizing visibility and territorial
    reinforcement?
A) Security zoning
B) Surveillance and defensible space
C) Target hardening
D) Natural access control
  • 93. A GIS model predicting crime based on lighting and open spaces integrates:
A) Sociological profiling
B) Intelligence fusion
C) Statistical minimalism
D) Spatial criminology and environmental design
  • 94. In an industrial complex, adding strategic lighting and landscaping to reduce
    intrusion risk exemplifies:
A) CPTED in action
B) Crisis management
C) post-incident response
D) Security complacency
  • 95. Environmental mapping in urban patrol planning enhances:
A) Bureaucratic control
B) Manual reporting
C) Data redundancy
D) Predictive policing efficiency
  • 96. When a city planner uses GIS to redesign an area with high assault rates, the
    process primarily reflects:
A) Data visualization
B) Defensive architecture
C) Reactive policing
D) Environmental criminology application
  • 97. If CPTED focuses on “designing out crime,” then GIS supports it by:
A) Predicting offender psychology
B) Visualizing spatial vulnerabilities
C) Modifying arrest procedures
D) Increasing manpower
  • 98. The use of GIS in analysing traffic accident zones is most comparable to:
A) Reviewing police attendance
B) Mapping spatial risk concentration
C) Investigating driver profiles
D) Computing speed limits
  • 99. In an evaluation of a redesigned urban space, reduced theft rates suggest GIS’s
    contribution to:
A) Random deterrence
B) Expansion of jurisdiction
C) Predictive mapping for environmental safety
D) Evidence collection
  • 100. The integration of place design and GIS analysis transforms law enforcement
    from reactive to proactive—this transformation is best described as:
A) A shift from enforcement to prevention
B) A transfer from planning to policing
C) A transition from management to monitoring
D) A move from strategy to execution
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