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  • 1. A police officer arrives at a suspected homicide scene and finds a body with no obvious signs of life. What should the officer do first?
A) Begin collecting evidence
B) Move the body to the hospital
C) Call a physician to establish death
D) Pronounce the victim dead
  • 2. A body is found with cherry red discoloration on the skin. What is the likely cause of death?
A) Carbon monoxide poisoning
B) Natural causes
C) Asphyxia
D) Phosphorus poisoning
  • 3. A corpse shows complete stiffening of muscles 4 hours after death What post-mortem change is this?
A) Livor mortis
B) Rigor mortis
C) Putrefaction
D) Algor mortis
  • 4. During an autopsy, the physician finds green discoloration spreading over the abdomen 24 hours after death. What is this indicative of?
A) Early putrefaction
B) Saponification
C) Mummification
D) Maceration
  • 5. A patient in a coma dies due to failure of vital brain centers. What mode of death is this?
A) Asphyxia
B) Syncope
C) Coma
D) Cardiac arrest
  • 6. Abody is found with blood settled in dependent parts that changes when the body is moved. What type of lividity is this?
A) Carbon monoxide lividity
B) Diffusion lividity
C) Hypostatic lividity
D) Phosphorus lividity
  • 7. A person is found dead with no heartbeat for 3 minutes but still has some respiratory effort. What is the legal status?
A) Requires further examination
B) Alive
C) Suspended animation
D) Dead
  • 8. A corpse shows dry blister formation after heat application with no surrounding redness. What does this indicate?
A) Death occurred after heal application
B) Body is alive
C) Death occurred before heat application
D) Heat caused death
  • 9. A body is found with skin pale and waxy, loss of elasticity, and post-mortem contact flattening. What stage is this?
A) Early post-mortem changes
B) Autolysis
C) Advanced putrefaction
D) Mummification
  • 10. . A victim was found with instantaneous muscle rigidity immediately after death due to chest injury. What is this called?
A) Rigor mortis
B) Cadaveric spasm
C) Heat stiffening
D) Cold stiffening
  • 11. A physician is called to determine death but finds the victim in a state of temporary loss of consciousness due to electric shock. What is this condition?
A) Apparent death or suspended animation
B) Clinical death
C) Molecular death
D) Somatic death
  • 12. A corpse is found with dark brown lividity. What poison is likely involved?
A) Carbon monoxide
B) Cyanide
C) Phosphorus
D) Arsenic
  • 13. A body is found bloated with green discoloration and maggots 48 hours after death. What is the process called?
A) Putrefaction
B) Mummification
C) Autolysis
D) Saponification
  • 14. A physician performs an external examination of a dead body without incision. What is this called?
A) Medical examination
B) Post-mortem examination
C) Autopsy
D) Forensic investigation
  • 15. A forensic pathologist is tasked to determine if a death was due to homicide or natural causes. What type of autopsy is performed?
A) Clinical autopsy
B) Medical autopsy
C) Medico-legal or forensic autopsy
D) Research autopsy
  • 16. A body is found with rigor mortis fully developed and fixed lividity. How long has the person likely been dead?
A) 3-6 hours
B) More than 1 week
C) Less than 3 hours
D) 12 hours or more
  • 17. Avictim's body is found with the pupil fixed in the position of rest and loss of corneal reflex. What does this indicate?
A) Suspended animation
B) Early signs of death
C) Brain death
D) The person is alive
  • 18. A body is found with fatty tissues Transformed into a soft brownish-white substance. What process is this?
A) Saponification or adipocere formation
B) Maceration
C) Mummification
D) Putrefaction
  • 19. A physieran notes that the victim survived an injury for a prolonged period allowing complications to develop before death. What cause of death is this?
A) Natural cause
B) Proximate (secondary) cause
C) Immediate cause
D) Unknown cause
  • 20. A corpse is found with green discoloration over the abdomen and spreading to the chest 24 hours after death. What is the stage of putrefaction?
A) Early
B) Final
C) Advanced
D) None
  • 21. A body is found with lividity that does not change when the body position is altered. What type of lividity is this?
A) Phosphorus
B) Hypostatic
C) Carbon monoxide
D) Diffusion
  • 22. Avictim was exposed to extreme cold before death and the muscles are hardened. What condition simulates rigor mortis?
A) Cold stiffening
B) Heat stiffening
C) Rigor mortis
D) Cadaveric spasm
  • 23. A physician is called to a crime scene where the victim's heart has stopped for 6 minutes. What is the status of death?
A) Death is certain
B) The victim is alive
C) Death is uncertain
D) Requires resuscitation
  • 24. A body is found with a triangular black spot on the sclera a few hours after death. What is this called?
A) Algor mortis
B) Tache noir de la sclerotique
C) Rigor mortis
D) Livor mortis
  • 25. A forensic expert finds that the victim's muscles no longer respond to electrical stimulus and have become flaccid after rigor mortis. What stage is this
A) Primary flaccidity
B) Post-mortem rigidity
C) Putrefaction
D) Secondary flaccidity
  • 26. A body is found with no heart action and no circulation for 2 minutes. What should be done next?
A) Call the police
B) Attempt resuscitation
C) Wait for 3 more minutes before
D) Declare death immediately
  • 27. Avictim died from respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen. What mode of death is this?
A) Cardiac arrest
B) Syncope
C) Coma
D) Asphyxia
  • 28. A body is found with post-mortem lividity that is cherry red. What is the probable cause of death?
A) Neither A nor B
B) Carbon monoxide poisoning
C) Cyanide poisoning
D) Both A and B
  • 29. A corpse is found with skin that is pale and waxy and has lost elasticity. What post-mortem change is this?
A) Rigor mortis
B) Algor mortis
C) Changes in the skin after death
D) Livor mortis
  • 30. A forensic pathologist is examining a body and notes that the muscles of the face are stiff but the limbs are still flaccid. How long has the

    body likely been dead?
A) More than 12 hours
B) 6-12 hours
C) Less than 2 hours
D) 2-6 hours
  • 31. Which wound is most likely to cause death immediately after infliction?
A) Closed wound
B) Superficial wound
C) Non-mortal wound.
D) Mortal wound
  • 32. Which organ is NOT usually considered mortal if wounded?
A) Brain
B) Lungs
C) Heart
D) Skin
  • 33. A wound caused by a blunt instrument is called
A) Incised wound
B) Stab wound
C) Contusion
D) Punctured wound
  • 34. What is a wound caused by a sharp-edged instrument?
A) Contusion
B) Incised wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Hematoma
  • 35. Which wound is produced by a sharp-pointed instrument?
A) Punctured wound
B) Stab wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Abrasion
  • 36. Awound that has both entry and exit points is called
A) Abrasion
B) Perforating wound
C) Lacerated wound
D) Contusion
  • 37. An injury at the site of force application is
A) Coup injury
B) Patterned wound
C) Defense wound
D) Contre-coup injury
  • 38. An injury found opposite the site of force application is
A) Coup injury
B) Patterned wound
C) Contre-coup injury
D) Defense wound
  • 39. A wound resulting from self-protection is called:
A) Lacerated wound
B) Patterned wound
C) Defense wound
D) Self-inflicted wound
  • 40. wound that reflects the shape

    of the object causing it is:
A) Superficial wound
B) Coup injury
C) Patterned wound
D) Closed wound
  • 41. A wound produced on oneself

    is called:
A) Deferise wound
B) Coup injury
C) Pattemed wound
D) Self-inflicted wound
  • 42. According to Aristotle, at what day after conception does fetal animation occur?
A) 50th day
B) 30th day
C) 20th day
D) 40th day
  • 43. What did Numa Popilius decree regarding women dying during confinement?
A) None of the above
B) They should be opened to save the child
C) They should be given a trial
D) They should be buried immediately.
  • 44. Who was the first Police Surgeon or Forensic Pathologist?
A) Dr. Rafael Genard y Mas
B) Paulus Zacchias
C) Ambroise Pare
D) Antistius
  • 45. Death is defined medically as the complete cessation of which vital functions?
A) Cardiac and muscular only
B) Respiratory, cardiac, and central nervous system
C) Respiratory and digestive only
D) Central nervous system only
  • 46. What happens to criminal liability upon death?
A) It is extinguished
B) It is transferred to heirs
C) It continues
D) It is suspended
  • 47. Immediate (Primary) cause of death refers to
A) Death caused by poisoning only
B) Death caused quickly without Complications
C) Deatty-Caused by accidents only.
D) Death caused by slow disease progression
  • 48. What is somatic or clinical death?
A) Complete cessation of brain, heart, and lung functions
B) Temporary loss of consciousness
C) Death of individual cells
D) Death declared by family members
  • 49. Which type of death involves the patient giving up prematurely?
A) Sociologic death
B) Physiologic death
C) Biologic death
D) Psychic death
  • 50. A man is found with a wound on his chest that passes through the body and exits from the back. What type of wound is this?
A) Incised wound
B) Perforating wound
C) Penetrating wound
D) Lacerated wound
  • 51. A woman presents with a wound on her forearm that matches the shape of a belt buckle after being struck, What is this wound called?
A) Defense wound
B) Patterned wound
C) Self-inflicted wound
D) Coup injury
  • 52. A child falls and scrapes hús knee, resulting in the loss of only the superficial layers of skin. What type of wound is this?
A) Incised wound
B) Contusion
C) Lacerated wound
D) Abrasion
  • 53. During an autopsy, a wound is found on the victim's palm, likely caused by instinctive self-protection against an attacker with a knife. What is this wound called?
A) Defense wound
B) Coup injury
C) Contra-coup injury
D) Patterned wound
  • 54. A person working in a freezer for long hours develops swelling. discoloration, and tissue death in their fingers. What is the most
    likely diagnosis?
A) Frostbile
B) Trench foot
C) Heat stroke
D) Scald
  • 55. A victim is found with a gunshot wound to the abdomen. The wound is larger and more. destructive than usual, and the firearm was discharged at close range. What explains the severity?
A) The discharge was close to the skin
B) The Bullet was made of rubber
C) The wound was accidental
D) The bullet was small
  • 56. After a car accident, a patient is found to have a partial disruption in the ligamentous support of the ankle joint, but no bone displacement. What is this injury called?
A) Sprain
B) Dislocation
C) Fracture
D) Strain
  • 57. A young woman is examined after an alleged sexual assault Her hymen is found to be lacerated, What is the medical
    term for this finding?
A) False physical virginity
B) Defloration
C) Cribiform hymen
D) Demi-virginity
  • 58. A man is found hanging from a rope in his bedroom. The rope and anchorage are accessible, and there is evidence of movement of the rope as the body was suspended. What is the most likely
    manner of death?
A) Accident
B) Suicide
C) Homicide
D) Undetermined
  • 59. What is the first essential step
    in a homicide investigation?
A) Collecting evidence
B) Arresting suspects
C) Interviewing witnesses
D) Establishing the fact of death
  • 60. Apparent death or suspended animation may occur in:
A) Hysteria
B) Electric shock
C) All of the above
D) Uremia
  • 61. Which mode of death results primarily from failure of vital brain. centers?
A) Asphyxia
B) Cardiac arrest
C) Syncope
D) Coma
  • 62. What is rigor mortis?
A) Discoloration of the body
B) Stiflening of the body muscles after death
C) Cooling of the body
D) Loss of comeal reflex
  • 63. How long does it generally take for the body to reach ambient temperature after death in tropical countries?
A) 6-8 hours
B) 24 hours
C) 12-16 hours
D) 1-3 hours
  • 64. What is the stage of secondary flaccidity?
A) Cooling of the body
B) Discoloration of the skin
C) Muscle relaxation after rigor mortis disappears
D) Initial muscle stiffness
  • 65. What is autolysis?
A) Sell-digestion of tissues by enzymes after death
B) Cooling of the body
C) Muscle stiffening
D) Bacterial decomposition
  • 66. Putrefaction involves
A) Dehydration of the body
B) Breaking down of proteins with foul-smelling gases
C) Loss of corneal reflex
D) Instantaneous muscle stiffening
  • 67. Which of the following is special modification of putrefaction?
A) Mummification
B) Maceration
C) Saponification
D) All of the above
  • 68. What is the difference between autopsy and post-mortem. examination?
A) Both are the same
B) Autopsy includes internal examination, post-mortem is external only
C) Post-mortem includes internal examination, autopsy is external only
D) Autopsy, is done by police only
  • 69. What is the main purpose of medico-legal or forensic autopsy?
A) Determine cause, manner, and time of death for legal purposes
B) None of the above
C) Perform organ donation
D) Determine medical cause of death for research
  • 70. Which is NOT a general effect of heat?
A) Heat exhaustion
B) Heat cramps
C) Frostbite
D) Heat stroke
  • 71. Painful muscle contractions due to dehydration are called.
A) Heat exhaustion
B) Heat cramps
C) Trench foot
D) Heat stroke
  • 72. Heart failure caused by heat and exertion is
A) Heat stroke
B) Frostbite
C) Heat cramps
D) Heat exhaustion
  • 73. A life-threatening condition from high temperatures is
A) Heat cramps
B) Heat exhaustion
C) Heat stroke
D) Scald
  • 74. A burn caused by hot liquid is:
A) Burn
B) Scald
C) Frostbite
D) Contusion
  • 75. All gunshot wounds result from the entry of
A) Rope
B) Blunt object
C) Knife
D) Projectile
  • 76. The closer the gun is to the skin, the
A) Greater the damage
B) Lesser the damage
C) None of the above
D) No effect
  • 77. Which is NOT a sign of accidental gunshot wound?
A) Witness testimony
B) Usually one shot
C) Multiple wounds
D) No special area involved
  • 78. Which is NOT a sign of homicidal gunshot wound?
A) Multiple entry sites
B) Signs of struggle
C) Firearm found at scene
D) Absence of weapon
  • 79. Hanging is usually considered
A) Undetermined
B) Suicidal
C) Accidental
D) Homicidal
  • 80. Which is NOT a common method of suicide?
A) Hanging
B) Poisoning
C) Frostbite
D) Drowning
  • 81. Accidental death is defined as
    death that:
A) Is self-inflicted
B) Occurs beyond one's will
C) Is always violent
D) Is planned
  • 82. Rape is committed when there
A) Full penetration
B) Only oral contact
C) Slightest penetration
D) No penetration
  • 83. Which is NOT an essential
    element of rape?
A) Offender is a man
B) Canal knowledge
C) Victim is always over 18
D) Use of force or intimidation.
  • 84. Sexual assault under the Ant Rape Law includes:
A) Inserting penis into mouth
B) Inserting object into genital orifice
C) Both A and B
D) Only vaginal intercounse
  • 85. Which is NOT evidence in rape vestigation?
A) Panty of victim
B) Victim's height
C) Physical exam of victim
D) Suspect's clothing
  • 86. Virginity is presumed when a woman is
A) Single and of good reputation
B) None of the above
C) Married
D) Over 40
  • 87. Defloration is
A) Any hymen injury
B) Laceration of hymen from sexual intercourse
C) Only from sports
D) None of the above
  • 88. Demi-virginity refers to:
A) Never having sexual liberties
B) Permitting sexual liberties but not rupturing hymen
C) None of the above
D) Complete abstinence
  • 89. Homosexuality is
A) Sexual desire towards animals
B) Sexual desire towards corpses
C) Sexual desire towards children
D) Sexual desire towards same sex
  • 90. Necrophilia is:
A) Sexual desire towards children
B) Sexual desire towards animals
C) Sexual desire towards corpses
D) Sexual desire towards same sex
  • 91. What is the usual time frame fer rigor mortis to disappear?
A) 6-12 hours
B) 18-36 hours
C) 48-72 hours
D) 1 week
  • 92. What is the first sign of death in the eye?
A) Pupil fixed in position of rest
B) Flaccidity of eyeball
C) Loss of corneal reflex
D) Clouding of cormea
  • 93. What is "Tache noir de la sclerotique"?
A) Bruise on the skin
B) Discoloration of nails
C) Post-mortem spots on sclera appearing hours after death
D) Rigor mortis in eyelids
  • 94. What does heat application on skin after death produce?
A) Dry blister without fluid
B) No blister
C) Wet blister
D) Redness around blister
  • 95. What is hypostatic lividity?
A) Discoloration due to poisoning
B) Blood coagulated inside vessels; does not change with position
C) Cooling of the body
D) Blood still fluid inside vessels, changes with body position
  • 96. What is diffusion lividity?
A) Discoloration due to heat
B) Loss of corneal reflex
C) Blood still fluid inside vessels
D) Blood coagulated inside vessels
  • 97. What is the cause of death in syncope?
A) Heart failure
B) Poisoning
C) Brain failure
D) Respiratory failure
  • 98. What is the cause of death in asphyxia?
A) Brain failure
B) Respiratory failure due to lack of oxygen
C) Poisoning
D) Heart failure
  • 99. Which of the following is NOT a method of judicial death?
A) Hanging
B) Electrocution
C) Natural causes
D) Lethal injection
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