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Giant virus - Quiz
Contributed by: Holland
  • 1. What is the primary function of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in giant viruses?
A) Catalyzing the esterification of amino acids to tRNAs
B) Forming the five-pronged star structure on the capsid
C) Repairing DNA mismatch mutations
D) Encoding the entire viral genome
  • 2. Which family of viruses includes Mimivirus and Mamavirus?
A) Stargatidae
B) Mimiviridae
C) Cellularia
D) Megaviridae
  • 3. How many aminoacyl tRNA synthetase genes were discovered in the megavirus genome?
A) One
B) Seven
C) Four
D) Ten
  • 4. What process is suggested as the origin of giant viruses based on the presence of translation machinery?
A) Viral fusion
B) Genome reduction
C) Host gene acquisition
D) Fourth domain synthesis
  • 5. What is the function of the MutS protein in giant viruses?
A) DNA mismatch repair
B) Translation machinery
C) Capsid structural integrity
D) Host cytoplasm entry
  • 6. What is a 'stargate' in the context of giant viruses?
A) A five-pronged star structure on the capsid
B) A type of aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
C) A classification of genome reduction
D) A mechanism for DNA repair
  • 7. What does the stargate structure facilitate?
A) Replication of viral DNA
B) Synthesis of amino acids
C) Delivery of the internal core to the host cytoplasm
D) Correction of point mutations
  • 8. What is the current scientific consensus regarding giant viruses representing a 'fourth domain of life'?
A) It has been proven through molecular dating
B) It is the leading hypothesis
C) It is widely accepted by the scientific community
D) It has been largely discounted
  • 9. When did the last common ancestor of giant viruses likely diverge, according to molecular dating?
A) Within the last billion years
B) Within the last ten million years
C) During the Cambrian explosion
D) Before the origins of known domains of life
  • 10. Which software is used to create the Giant Virus Toplist?
A) Giant Virus Finder
B) Genome Reduction Mapper
C) Mimivirus Tracker
D) Stargate Analyzer
  • 11. How many giant viruses were listed in the Giant Virus Toplist as of June 11, 2018?
A) 250
B) 100
C) 183
D) 7
  • 12. What does the presence of translation machinery in giant viruses challenge?
A) The previous belief that such machinery is unique to cellular organisms
B) The importance of capsid structure
C) The existence of the MutS protein
D) The definition of viral replication
  • 13. What is one of the two main hypotheses regarding the evolutionary origins of giant viruses?
A) Evolving from non-biological chemical precursors
B) Evolving from small viruses by picking up host DNA
C) Evolving from complex organisms via genome expansion
D) Evolving directly from the fourth domain of life
  • 14. What is the common term used to refer to a giant virus?
A) Girus
B) Microvirus
C) Megavirus
D) Nanovirus
  • 15. Which phylum do all known giant viruses belong to?
A) Nucleocytoviricota
B) Pandoraviridae
C) Mimiviridae
D) Phycodnaviridae
  • 16. What is the typical minimum virion size used to define a giant virus?
A) 500-1000 nanometers
B) 200-300 nanometers
C) 10-50 nanometers
D) 50-100 nanometers
  • 17. Which genus is a member of the Nucleocytoviricota but is not a giant virus?
A) Prasinovirus
B) Mimivirus
C) Pithovirus
D) Pandoravirus
  • 18. Which unusual biological process genes have been found in giant viruses?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Oxidative phosphorylation
C) Glycolysis
D) Nitrogen fixation
  • 19. What type of enzymes are encoded in giant viruses found in the deep ocean and human patients?
A) Reverse transcriptase
B) Cytochrome P450
C) Amylase
D) Lipase
  • 20. What was the first virophage discovered?
A) ACMV
B) Sputnik
C) Mavirus
D) CroV
  • 21. In what year was the term 'girus' coined?
A) 2006
B) 2003
C) 1999
D) 2010
  • 22. Which virus was initially mistaken for a gram-positive bacteria?
A) Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus
B) Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1
C) Pithovirus sibericum
D) Pandoravirus salinus
  • 23. What is the approximate genome size of Pandoravirus salinus?
A) 2.5 Mbp
B) 1.2 Mbp
C) 1.4 Mbp
D) 300 kb
  • 24. Which virus holds the record for having the longest known virion?
A) Megaklothovirus horridgei
B) Cafeteria roenbergensis virus
C) Mimivirus
D) Pandoravirus salinus
  • 25. What are mobile genetic elements found in Mimivirus strains that are homologous to virophage genes called?
A) Virions
B) Plasmids
C) Transposons
D) Transpovirons
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