- 1. The Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, which began in late 2013 and continued into 2016, was one of the most severe and largest outbreaks of the Ebola virus disease (EVD) in history, affecting primarily Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. This outbreak was characterized by a catastrophic humanitarian crisis, with over 28,000 reported cases and more than 11,000 deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). The outbreak stemmed from a rural village in Guinea, where the virus is believed to have first transferred to humans from animals, possibly through contact with fruit bats or nonhuman primates. As the virus spread, it caused devastation not only due to the high mortality rate of approximately 40% but also due to the public's fear and the stigma associated with the disease, which led to significant challenges in healthcare delivery. The infectious nature of EVD, combined with inadequate health infrastructure and cultural practices such as burial rites involving the washing of bodies, contributed to the rapid transmission of the virus. In response to the crisis, an international mobilization of healthcare workers, organizations, and resources occurred, leading to the establishment of treatment centers and mobilization of community engagement efforts to change attitudes and behaviors surrounding the disease. The outbreak highlighted the importance of global health preparedness, rapid response mechanisms, and the need for equitable healthcare access to combat infectious diseases. By the end of the outbreak, lessons learned refocused attention on the necessity for better epidemic surveillance, improved health systems, and increased funding for research and development of vaccines and therapeutics for Ebola and other emerging infectious diseases.
What year did the West Africa Ebola outbreak begin?
A) 2012
B) 2014
C) 2010
D) 2016
- 2. What is the primary mode of transmission of the Ebola virus?
A) Water contamination
B) Direct contact with bodily fluids
C) Insect bites
D) Airborne particles
- 3. What animal is considered the natural reservoir for the Ebola virus?
A) Birds
B) Fruit bats
C) Rodents
D) Monkeys
- 4. What organization declared the West Africa Ebola outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern?
A) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
B) United Nations (UN)
C) World Health Organization (WHO)
D) Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF)
- 5. Which vaccine was developed to combat the Ebola virus outbreak?
A) ChAd3-EBOZ
B) ZyCoV-D
C) rVSV-ZEBOV
D) MVA-BN-Filo
- 6. What is a common symptom of Ebola?
A) Rash
B) Fever
C) Cough
D) Sore throat
- 7. During the outbreak, which type of health worker faced the highest risk?
A) Receptionists
B) Sanitation workers
C) Pharmacists
D) Nurses and doctors
- 8. What was the role of contact tracing in fighting Ebola?
A) Enforcing quarantine of all residents
B) Testing animals for the virus
C) Identifying and monitoring exposed persons
D) Distributing vaccines randomly
- 9. What is the main purpose of an Ebola treatment center?
A) To serve as vaccination sites
B) To offer recreational activities
C) To isolate and care for infected patients
D) To conduct research only
- 10. How does one contract Ebola?
A) Drinking untreated water
B) Consuming contaminated food
C) Through direct contact with infectious body fluids
D) Through inhalation of aerosols
- 11. What basic health measure helped reduce the spread of Ebola?
A) Contaminated water usage
B) Wide healthcare access
C) Handwashing
D) Running water availability
- 12. What type of virus is Ebola classified as?
A) Bacteriophage
B) RNA virus
C) Filovirus
D) Retrovirus
- 13. How is Ebola virus disease treated?
A) With antiviral medication
B) With antibiotics
C) With radiation
D) There is no specific treatment
- 14. What was one economic impact of the Ebola outbreak?
A) Increase in tourism
B) Stabilization of food prices
C) Decrease in international aid
D) Severe strain on healthcare systems
- 15. What is the average fatality rate for Ebola virus infections?
A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 70%
- 16. What was the primary country affected at the start of the 2014 outbreak?
A) Liberia
B) Sierra Leone
C) Nigeria
D) Guinea
- 17. What is a significant long-term effect for Ebola survivors?
A) Permanent immunity
B) Post-Ebola syndrome
C) Chronic fatigue only
D) Bone fractures
- 18. What public health measure helps prevent Ebola outbreak?
A) Quarantine of suspected cases
B) Immediate vaccination of the entire population
C) Free transportation for infected people
D) Large gatherings in hospitals
- 19. What is the name of the virus causing Ebola?
A) Ebola virus
B) Nipah virus
C) Marburg virus
D) HIV
- 20. What is the virus family that Ebola belongs to?
A) Rhabdoviridae
B) Filoviridae
C) Retroviridae
D) Paramyxoviridae
- 21. How can one reduce the risk of Ebola transmission after a suspected case?
A) Public gatherings
B) Ignoring symptoms
C) Consuming bush meat
D) Safe burial practices
- 22. In what year was the first known outbreak of Ebola virus?
A) 1976
B) 1990
C) 2000
D) 1980
- 23. Which NGO was heavily involved in the response to the Ebola outbreak?
A) Greenpeace
B) Amnesty International
C) International Red Cross
D) Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders)
- 24. What year did the last major outbreak of Ebola in West Africa end?
A) 2017
B) 2016
C) 2014
D) 2015
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