- 1. In 1944, the renowned physicist Erwin Schrödinger published a thought-provoking book titled 'What Is Life?', which examined the relationship between the laws of physics and the processes of life. In this seminal work, Schrödinger postulated that living organisms possess a unique order that allows them to defy the second law of thermodynamics, which states that systems tend toward greater disorder over time. He introduced the concept of 'negative entropy,' suggesting that while living systems take in energy and information to maintain their structure and organization, they simultaneously export entropy to their surroundings. Through a blend of physics, biology, and philosophy, Schrödinger speculated on the molecular basis of heredity and life itself, foreshadowing the discoveries of DNA and genetic coding. His reflections not only inspired a generation of scientists but also prompted deep questions about the nature of existence, the essence of life, and the interface between conscious thought and physical reality. The book remains a pivotal piece of literature, encouraging interdisciplinary dialogue and raising fundamental questions about what it means to be alive in a universe governed by physical laws.
What year was 'What Is Life?' originally published?
A) 1951
B) 1927
C) 1935
D) 1944
- 2. Schrödinger's book is famous for influencing the development of which field?
A) Organic chemistry
B) Molecular biology
C) Quantum computing
D) Astrophysics
- 3. According to Schrödinger, what is the fundamental molecule of life?
A) The virus
B) The enzyme
C) The protein
D) The gene
- 4. Schrödinger proposed that living matter evades decay to equilibrium by feeding on what?
A) Solar radiation
B) Negative entropy
C) Organic matter
D) Positive energy
- 5. What term does Schrödinger famously coin for the genetic material?
A) Aperiodic crystal
B) Organic polymer
C) Biological code
D) Molecular script
- 6. Schrödinger's work is credited with inspiring which future Nobel laureates?
A) Curie and Rutherford
B) Pauling and Sanger
C) Watson and Crick
D) Einstein and Bohr
- 7. What field was Schrödinger's primary area of expertise before writing 'What Is Life?'?
A) Biology
B) Theoretical physics
C) Philosophy
D) Chemistry
- 8. According to Schrödinger, what is the most essential feature of living organisms?
A) Their ability to reproduce
B) Their ability to think
C) Their ability to maintain order
D) Their ability to move
- 9. Schrödinger's book is based on a series of public lectures given at what institution?
A) Trinity College, Dublin
B) Princeton University
C) University of Cambridge
D) University of Vienna
- 10. What concept does Schrödinger use to explain how organisms maintain internal order?
A) Homeostasis
B) Metabolism
C) Adaptation
D) Negative entropy (negentropy)
- 11. Schrödinger's work helped bridge the gap between which two fields?
A) Biology and philosophy
B) Physics and chemistry
C) Physics and biology
D) Chemistry and mathematics
- 12. What thermodynamic principle is central to Schrödinger's explanation of life?
A) The zeroth law of thermodynamics
B) The third law of thermodynamics
C) The first law of thermodynamics
D) The second law of thermodynamics
- 13. How does Schrödinger describe the relationship between an organism and its environment?
A) An organism exists in complete isolation from its environment
B) An organism creates perpetual motion
C) An organism delays its decay into thermodynamic equilibrium
D) An organism accelerates environmental entropy
- 14. What is Schrödinger's view on vitalism?
A) He fully endorses it
B) He rejects it as unscientific
C) He considers it the only valid explanation
D) He believes it explains consciousness
- 15. What does Schrödinger suggest about the predictability of mutations?
A) They are inherently unpredictable at the quantum level
B) They can be precisely calculated
C) They are caused by conscious will
D) They follow deterministic laws exactly
- 16. What is the 'aperiodic crystal' that Schrödinger proposes?
A) A structure with a non-repeating pattern that can store information
B) A crystal that never forms
C) A type of glass
D) A perfectly symmetrical mineral
- 17. What is Schrödinger's background that made his biological insights remarkable?
A) He was a medical doctor
B) He was a chemist by training
C) He was a physicist, not a biologist
D) He had no scientific background
- 18. Schrödinger suggests that a gene contains a certain number of atoms to ensure:
A) Mobility within the cell
B) Rapid mutation rates
C) High energy output
D) Stability against random fluctuations
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