The Philippine-American War
- 1. The Philippine-American War, which lasted from 1899 to 1902, was a significant yet often overlooked conflict that emerged from the aftermath of the Spanish-American War. Following Spain's defeat, the United States acquired the Philippines as part of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, but this acquisition sparked a fierce resistance among Filipino revolutionaries who sought independence from colonial rule. The war was characterized by a complex interplay of guerrilla warfare, shifting military strategies, and a stark cultural clash, as American forces, believing they were bringing civilization and democracy to the archipelago, faced an increasingly resilient Filipino army led by figures such as Emilio Aguinaldo. The conflict was marked by brutal tactics on both sides, including scorched earth policies and atrocities that led to significant civilian suffering. While the U.S. eventually emerged victorious and established a colonial government, the struggle for independence continued to resonate in the Philippines. The war resulted in the deaths of an estimated 200,000 Filipino civilians and thousands of American soldiers, leaving a lasting impact on Philippine society and U.S.-Philippine relations. This conflict set the stage for future movements toward Philippine sovereignty and highlights the complexities of imperialism, nationalism, and the struggle for self-determination.
When did the Philippine-American War begin?
A) 1900
B) 1901
C) 1898
D) 1899
- 2. Who was the leader of the Filipino forces during the war?
A) Juan del Pilar
B) Andres Bonifacio
C) Jose Rizal
D) Emilio Aguinaldo
- 3. Which massacre highlighted the brutality of the conflict?
A) Sand Creek Massacre
B) Balangiga Massacre
C) Wounded Knee Massacre
D) My Lai Massacre
- 4. What year did the Philippine-American War officially end?
A) 1900
B) 1903
C) 1902
D) 1901
- 5. Which American President was in office during the war?
A) William McKinley
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) Franklin D. Roosevelt
D) Woodrow Wilson
- 6. What was the name of the American General in charge of military operations?
A) Arthur MacArthur Jr.
B) John J. Pershing
C) William Howard Taft
D) Nelson Miles
- 7. What kind of media response accompanied the war?
A) Anti-imperialist journalism
B) Silent media
C) Pro-war propaganda only
D) Uncritical support for U.S. policies
- 8. The conflict led to the establishment of what type of government in the Philippines?
A) Indigenous republic
B) Colonial government
C) Federal republic
D) Autonomous region
- 9. Which battle is considered the first major battle of the Philippine-American War?
A) Battle of Caloocan
B) Battle of Manila
C) Battle of San Juan Hill
D) Battle of Tirad Pass
- 10. Which U.S. legislation established civilian control in the Philippines?
A) Smith Act
B) Philippine Organic Act
C) Jones Act
D) Hare-Hawes-Cutting Act
- 11. What was the fate of Aguinaldo after the war?
A) He swore allegiance to the U.S.
B) He was executed
C) He fled to Japan
D) He became governor
- 12. Which event marked the official start of hostilities between the U.S. and the Philippines?
A) The capture of Manila
B) The Battle of Manila
C) The signing of the Treaty of Paris
D) The death of Aguinaldo
- 13. Who wrote extensively against the war?
A) Ernest Hemingway
B) Jack London
C) Mark Twain
D) F. Scott Fitzgerald
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