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CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
Contributed by: Jarabejo
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Inciting to War
B) Coup d'etat
C) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
D) Espionage
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she wore a uniform
B) Whether she acted voluntarily
C) Whether she was paid
D) Whether she is a civilian
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) No, because it lacks seditious intent
B) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
C) Yes, because it undermines authority
D) No, because bloggers are exempt
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Right to privacy
B) Freedom of movement
C) Right against unreasonable seizures
D) Freedom of speech
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Arbitrary Detention
B) Violation of domicile
C) Grave coercion
D) Illegal arrest
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Inciting to rebellion
B) Coup d'etat
C) Sedition
D) Rebellion
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Immunity of non-combatants
B) Proximate cause
C) Indeterminate sentence kaw
D) Absorption doctrine
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) No, because the threat was past
B) No, because she went voluntarily
C) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
D) Yes, but only grave coercion
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Arbitrary detention
B) Abuse of authority
C) Unlawful arrest
D) Illegal arrest
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Refusing to pay taxes
B) Sharing memes criticizing government
C) Skipping mandatory civic duties
D) Leaking military troop movements
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Surveillance of all student organizations
B) Total ban on political groups
C) Establishing civic education programs
D) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Intent to aid a foreign power
B) Actual publication
C) Possession of information
D) Public interest
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Relationship
B) Degree of provocation
C) Weapon used
D) Severity of injuries
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Homicide
B) Parricide
C) Murded
D) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) No, aggression had ended
B) Yes, the thief committed a crime
C) Yes, because firearm was licensed
D) Yes, because the item is valuable
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) Price or reward
B) By means of fire
C) Abuse of superiority
D) Treachery
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By fraudulent machination
B) By force or intimidation
C) By grave abuse of authority
D) By taking advantage of relationship
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Yelling at an employee
B) Forcing someone to join a gang
C) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
D) Asking someone to run errands
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) Estafa
B) None if no intent to gain
C) Fencing
D) Theft
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Good faith
B) Mistake of fact
C) Mitigating circumstance
D) Proximate cause
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Public scandal
B) Use of firearm
C) Lack of provocation
D) Presence of qualifying circumstances
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Child abuse
B) Abandonment of minor
C) Infanticide
D) Parricide
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Coercion
B) Physical injury
C) Trespass to dwelling
D) Robbery
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) Throwing mud at someone publicly
B) Posting defamatory content
C) Online insult
D) False accusation
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
B) Attempted homicide
C) Malicious mischief
D) Direct physical injuries
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) Increased police visibility
B) Public education on negligence
C) Stricter punishment
D) More prisons
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) Qualified theft
B) coercion
C) Theft
D) Robbery
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Physical evidence
B) Threats
C) Destroying property
D) Annoying acts without serious harm
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) Adultery
B) Illegal marriage
C) concubinage
D) bigamy
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Libel
B) Intriguing against honor
C) Oral defamation
D) Slander by deed
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 9165
B) RA 10883
C) RA 9208
D) RA 10591
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Recruitment with exploitation
B) Recruiting minors for work abroad
C) Transporting a worker without contract
D) Failure to provide employment
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Stealing a car parked on the street
B) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
C) Forced taking of a tricycle
D) Borrowing a car and returning it late
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Fencing
B) Robbery
C) Estafa
D) Theft
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 10175
B) RA 9160
C) RA 8049
D) RA 10591
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
B) Posting false defamatory claims
C) Sharing a meme
D) Posting criticism online
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Parol evidence rule
B) Hearsay rule
C) Best evidence rule
D) Opinion rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Documentary evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Secondary evidence
D) Real evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) Rumors
B) Hearsay with exception
C) Eyewitness under stress
D) CCTV clear footage
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) Yes, as secondary evidence
B) Yes, as real evidence
C) Never
D) No, requires expert testimony
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) defense
B) Accused
C) Prosecution
D) Court
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Suspect's silence
B) Opportunity and weapon possession
C) Motive alone
D) Presence near crime scene
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Best evidence rule
B) Dying declaration exception
C) Verbal act rule
D) Part of res gestae
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) relevance
B) authorship
C) All of the above
D) reliability
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
B) Lay witness identifying someone
C) Lay witness giving medical opinion
D) Expert analyzing blood
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Admissible
C) Secondary evidence
D) Voluntary
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Any witness
B) Subscribing witness
C) Court clerk
D) Notary
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Voluntarily given by accused
B) Given under subpoena
C) Discovered accidentally
D) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Documentary evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Real evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Lawyer's objections
B) Lighting conditions
C) Judge's impression
D) Age of witness
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Anonymous tip
B) Victims's prompt complaint
C) Victim's delay reporting
D) Rumors
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of innocence
B) Presumption of fraud
C) Presumption of regularity
D) Presumption of delivery
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Burden of proof
B) Opinion testimony
C) Impeachment
D) Chain of custody
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Waived
B) Sustained
C) Stricken off
D) Admissible
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) After cross-examination
B) At closing arguments
C) Before answer is given
D) Anytime
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Reasonable suspicion
B) Preponderance of evidence
C) Belief of judge
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Defer
B) Admit
C) Modify
D) Reject
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Real evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) Probability
B) All of the above
C) Consistency
D) Demeanor
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Burden of proof
B) Admissibility
C) Weight of evidence
D) Sufficiency
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Strong
B) Neutral
C) Weak
D) Inadmissible
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Type of crime
B) Age of suspect
C) Chain of custody integrity
D) Length of trial
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) MTC
B) RTC
C) Sandiganbayan
D) Court of Appeals
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) Cure by amendmend
B) No effect
C) Nullity
D) Automatic dismissal
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Place of commission
B) Judge preference
C) Residence of accused
D) Police recommendation
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Suspension of PI
B) Automatic acquittal
C) Case dismissed
D) Waiver of right
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Arrest
B) Arraignment
C) Filing complaint
D) Preliminary investigation
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Judge allows in interest of justice
B) Witness appears late
C) Prosecution insist
D) Defense agrees
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Number of victims
B) Location of offense
C) Amount involved
D) Position of accused
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) Limiting caseloads
B) Mandatory plea bargaining
C) More judges
D) Requiring longer trials
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