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CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
Contributed by: Jarabejo
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Coup d'etat
B) Espionage
C) Inciting to War
D) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she is a civilian
B) Whether she wore a uniform
C) Whether she was paid
D) Whether she acted voluntarily
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) No, because it lacks seditious intent
B) Yes, because it undermines authority
C) No, because bloggers are exempt
D) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Freedom of movement
B) Right to privacy
C) Freedom of speech
D) Right against unreasonable seizures
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Illegal arrest
B) Violation of domicile
C) Arbitrary Detention
D) Grave coercion
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Coup d'etat
B) Sedition
C) Inciting to rebellion
D) Rebellion
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Immunity of non-combatants
B) Absorption doctrine
C) Indeterminate sentence kaw
D) Proximate cause
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
B) Yes, but only grave coercion
C) No, because the threat was past
D) No, because she went voluntarily
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Arbitrary detention
B) Illegal arrest
C) Unlawful arrest
D) Abuse of authority
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Skipping mandatory civic duties
B) Refusing to pay taxes
C) Sharing memes criticizing government
D) Leaking military troop movements
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Surveillance of all student organizations
B) Total ban on political groups
C) Establishing civic education programs
D) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Possession of information
B) Actual publication
C) Public interest
D) Intent to aid a foreign power
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Weapon used
B) Severity of injuries
C) Degree of provocation
D) Relationship
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
B) Homicide
C) Murded
D) Parricide
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) Yes, because the item is valuable
B) Yes, the thief committed a crime
C) Yes, because firearm was licensed
D) No, aggression had ended
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) Treachery
B) Abuse of superiority
C) By means of fire
D) Price or reward
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By taking advantage of relationship
B) By fraudulent machination
C) By force or intimidation
D) By grave abuse of authority
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Forcing someone to join a gang
B) Yelling at an employee
C) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
D) Asking someone to run errands
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) Theft
B) Fencing
C) Estafa
D) None if no intent to gain
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Good faith
B) Mitigating circumstance
C) Proximate cause
D) Mistake of fact
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Lack of provocation
B) Public scandal
C) Presence of qualifying circumstances
D) Use of firearm
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Parricide
B) Infanticide
C) Child abuse
D) Abandonment of minor
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Robbery
B) Trespass to dwelling
C) Coercion
D) Physical injury
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) Posting defamatory content
B) False accusation
C) Throwing mud at someone publicly
D) Online insult
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
B) Malicious mischief
C) Attempted homicide
D) Direct physical injuries
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) Public education on negligence
B) Stricter punishment
C) More prisons
D) Increased police visibility
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) coercion
B) Theft
C) Robbery
D) Qualified theft
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Annoying acts without serious harm
B) Threats
C) Destroying property
D) Physical evidence
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) Adultery
B) Illegal marriage
C) bigamy
D) concubinage
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Intriguing against honor
B) Libel
C) Slander by deed
D) Oral defamation
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 9208
B) RA 10591
C) RA 9165
D) RA 10883
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Recruiting minors for work abroad
B) Failure to provide employment
C) Recruitment with exploitation
D) Transporting a worker without contract
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Forced taking of a tricycle
B) Stealing a car parked on the street
C) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
D) Borrowing a car and returning it late
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Theft
B) Robbery
C) Estafa
D) Fencing
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 8049
B) RA 9160
C) RA 10591
D) RA 10175
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Sharing a meme
B) Posting false defamatory claims
C) Posting criticism online
D) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Hearsay rule
B) Opinion rule
C) Best evidence rule
D) Parol evidence rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Secondary evidence
D) Real evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) Eyewitness under stress
B) Hearsay with exception
C) CCTV clear footage
D) Rumors
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) Never
B) No, requires expert testimony
C) Yes, as secondary evidence
D) Yes, as real evidence
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) Prosecution
B) Accused
C) defense
D) Court
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Suspect's silence
B) Motive alone
C) Opportunity and weapon possession
D) Presence near crime scene
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Best evidence rule
B) Dying declaration exception
C) Part of res gestae
D) Verbal act rule
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) relevance
B) reliability
C) All of the above
D) authorship
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Expert analyzing blood
B) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
C) Lay witness identifying someone
D) Lay witness giving medical opinion
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Admissible
B) Voluntary
C) Inadmissible
D) Secondary evidence
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Notary
B) Court clerk
C) Subscribing witness
D) Any witness
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Discovered accidentally
B) Given under subpoena
C) Voluntarily given by accused
D) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Demonstrative evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Judge's impression
B) Lawyer's objections
C) Age of witness
D) Lighting conditions
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Anonymous tip
B) Rumors
C) Victims's prompt complaint
D) Victim's delay reporting
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of fraud
B) Presumption of regularity
C) Presumption of delivery
D) Presumption of innocence
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Opinion testimony
B) Impeachment
C) Chain of custody
D) Burden of proof
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Sustained
B) Admissible
C) Stricken off
D) Waived
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) After cross-examination
B) Before answer is given
C) Anytime
D) At closing arguments
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Belief of judge
B) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
C) Reasonable suspicion
D) Preponderance of evidence
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Defer
B) Modify
C) Reject
D) Admit
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) Probability
B) Demeanor
C) Consistency
D) All of the above
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Burden of proof
B) Admissibility
C) Weight of evidence
D) Sufficiency
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Strong
B) Weak
C) Inadmissible
D) Neutral
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Type of crime
B) Age of suspect
C) Chain of custody integrity
D) Length of trial
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) Court of Appeals
B) MTC
C) RTC
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) Nullity
B) Cure by amendmend
C) Automatic dismissal
D) No effect
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Residence of accused
B) Judge preference
C) Place of commission
D) Police recommendation
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Case dismissed
B) Waiver of right
C) Automatic acquittal
D) Suspension of PI
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Filing complaint
B) Preliminary investigation
C) Arraignment
D) Arrest
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Prosecution insist
B) Witness appears late
C) Defense agrees
D) Judge allows in interest of justice
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Amount involved
B) Location of offense
C) Position of accused
D) Number of victims
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) Mandatory plea bargaining
B) More judges
C) Limiting caseloads
D) Requiring longer trials
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