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CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
Contributed by: Jarabejo
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Inciting to War
B) Coup d'etat
C) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
D) Espionage
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she was paid
B) Whether she wore a uniform
C) Whether she is a civilian
D) Whether she acted voluntarily
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
B) No, because it lacks seditious intent
C) Yes, because it undermines authority
D) No, because bloggers are exempt
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Freedom of speech
B) Freedom of movement
C) Right to privacy
D) Right against unreasonable seizures
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Violation of domicile
B) Grave coercion
C) Illegal arrest
D) Arbitrary Detention
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Inciting to rebellion
B) Rebellion
C) Coup d'etat
D) Sedition
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Indeterminate sentence kaw
B) Immunity of non-combatants
C) Absorption doctrine
D) Proximate cause
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) No, because she went voluntarily
B) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
C) Yes, but only grave coercion
D) No, because the threat was past
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Unlawful arrest
B) Abuse of authority
C) Illegal arrest
D) Arbitrary detention
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Skipping mandatory civic duties
B) Leaking military troop movements
C) Sharing memes criticizing government
D) Refusing to pay taxes
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Establishing civic education programs
B) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
C) Total ban on political groups
D) Surveillance of all student organizations
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Intent to aid a foreign power
B) Public interest
C) Actual publication
D) Possession of information
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Weapon used
B) Severity of injuries
C) Relationship
D) Degree of provocation
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Murded
B) Homicide
C) Parricide
D) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) Yes, because the item is valuable
B) Yes, the thief committed a crime
C) Yes, because firearm was licensed
D) No, aggression had ended
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) By means of fire
B) Abuse of superiority
C) Price or reward
D) Treachery
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By grave abuse of authority
B) By taking advantage of relationship
C) By fraudulent machination
D) By force or intimidation
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Forcing someone to join a gang
B) Yelling at an employee
C) Asking someone to run errands
D) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) Theft
B) Estafa
C) None if no intent to gain
D) Fencing
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Good faith
B) Proximate cause
C) Mistake of fact
D) Mitigating circumstance
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Public scandal
B) Presence of qualifying circumstances
C) Use of firearm
D) Lack of provocation
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Abandonment of minor
B) Parricide
C) Child abuse
D) Infanticide
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Coercion
B) Trespass to dwelling
C) Robbery
D) Physical injury
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) False accusation
B) Posting defamatory content
C) Online insult
D) Throwing mud at someone publicly
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Direct physical injuries
B) Attempted homicide
C) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
D) Malicious mischief
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) Stricter punishment
B) Increased police visibility
C) More prisons
D) Public education on negligence
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) coercion
B) Theft
C) Qualified theft
D) Robbery
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Threats
B) Destroying property
C) Annoying acts without serious harm
D) Physical evidence
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) Illegal marriage
B) Adultery
C) bigamy
D) concubinage
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Oral defamation
B) Libel
C) Intriguing against honor
D) Slander by deed
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 10883
B) RA 9165
C) RA 10591
D) RA 9208
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Recruiting minors for work abroad
B) Transporting a worker without contract
C) Failure to provide employment
D) Recruitment with exploitation
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Stealing a car parked on the street
B) Forced taking of a tricycle
C) Borrowing a car and returning it late
D) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Estafa
B) Fencing
C) Theft
D) Robbery
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 10175
B) RA 8049
C) RA 10591
D) RA 9160
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
B) Sharing a meme
C) Posting criticism online
D) Posting false defamatory claims
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Parol evidence rule
B) Opinion rule
C) Hearsay rule
D) Best evidence rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Real evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Secondary evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) CCTV clear footage
B) Hearsay with exception
C) Rumors
D) Eyewitness under stress
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) Yes, as secondary evidence
B) Never
C) Yes, as real evidence
D) No, requires expert testimony
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) defense
B) Accused
C) Court
D) Prosecution
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Suspect's silence
B) Motive alone
C) Presence near crime scene
D) Opportunity and weapon possession
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Verbal act rule
B) Part of res gestae
C) Best evidence rule
D) Dying declaration exception
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) authorship
B) relevance
C) All of the above
D) reliability
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Lay witness giving medical opinion
B) Expert analyzing blood
C) Lay witness identifying someone
D) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Secondary evidence
B) Admissible
C) Inadmissible
D) Voluntary
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Subscribing witness
B) Court clerk
C) Any witness
D) Notary
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
B) Discovered accidentally
C) Given under subpoena
D) Voluntarily given by accused
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Documentary evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Real evidence
D) Demonstrative evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Lawyer's objections
B) Lighting conditions
C) Judge's impression
D) Age of witness
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Rumors
B) Victims's prompt complaint
C) Anonymous tip
D) Victim's delay reporting
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of regularity
B) Presumption of innocence
C) Presumption of delivery
D) Presumption of fraud
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Impeachment
B) Opinion testimony
C) Burden of proof
D) Chain of custody
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Admissible
B) Waived
C) Sustained
D) Stricken off
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) After cross-examination
B) At closing arguments
C) Before answer is given
D) Anytime
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Reasonable suspicion
B) Preponderance of evidence
C) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
D) Belief of judge
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Reject
B) Modify
C) Defer
D) Admit
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Real evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) Consistency
B) Probability
C) All of the above
D) Demeanor
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Sufficiency
B) Burden of proof
C) Weight of evidence
D) Admissibility
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Neutral
B) Strong
C) Inadmissible
D) Weak
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Type of crime
B) Age of suspect
C) Length of trial
D) Chain of custody integrity
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) RTC
B) Sandiganbayan
C) MTC
D) Court of Appeals
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) Cure by amendmend
B) Nullity
C) Automatic dismissal
D) No effect
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Judge preference
B) Place of commission
C) Residence of accused
D) Police recommendation
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Case dismissed
B) Suspension of PI
C) Automatic acquittal
D) Waiver of right
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Arrest
B) Preliminary investigation
C) Arraignment
D) Filing complaint
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Witness appears late
B) Defense agrees
C) Judge allows in interest of justice
D) Prosecution insist
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Amount involved
B) Number of victims
C) Position of accused
D) Location of offense
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) More judges
B) Limiting caseloads
C) Requiring longer trials
D) Mandatory plea bargaining
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