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CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
Contributed by: Jarabejo
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Inciting to War
B) Espionage
C) Coup d'etat
D) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she wore a uniform
B) Whether she acted voluntarily
C) Whether she was paid
D) Whether she is a civilian
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) No, because it lacks seditious intent
B) No, because bloggers are exempt
C) Yes, because it undermines authority
D) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Right to privacy
B) Right against unreasonable seizures
C) Freedom of speech
D) Freedom of movement
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Arbitrary Detention
B) Illegal arrest
C) Grave coercion
D) Violation of domicile
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Sedition
B) Inciting to rebellion
C) Rebellion
D) Coup d'etat
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Indeterminate sentence kaw
B) Absorption doctrine
C) Proximate cause
D) Immunity of non-combatants
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) No, because the threat was past
B) Yes, but only grave coercion
C) No, because she went voluntarily
D) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Abuse of authority
B) Arbitrary detention
C) Unlawful arrest
D) Illegal arrest
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Skipping mandatory civic duties
B) Refusing to pay taxes
C) Leaking military troop movements
D) Sharing memes criticizing government
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Surveillance of all student organizations
B) Total ban on political groups
C) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
D) Establishing civic education programs
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Possession of information
B) Intent to aid a foreign power
C) Public interest
D) Actual publication
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Degree of provocation
B) Weapon used
C) Severity of injuries
D) Relationship
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Parricide
B) Homicide
C) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
D) Murded
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) Yes, because firearm was licensed
B) Yes, because the item is valuable
C) Yes, the thief committed a crime
D) No, aggression had ended
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) Price or reward
B) Abuse of superiority
C) Treachery
D) By means of fire
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By taking advantage of relationship
B) By fraudulent machination
C) By grave abuse of authority
D) By force or intimidation
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Asking someone to run errands
B) Yelling at an employee
C) Forcing someone to join a gang
D) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) Estafa
B) Theft
C) None if no intent to gain
D) Fencing
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Good faith
B) Proximate cause
C) Mistake of fact
D) Mitigating circumstance
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Presence of qualifying circumstances
B) Public scandal
C) Lack of provocation
D) Use of firearm
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Infanticide
B) Parricide
C) Abandonment of minor
D) Child abuse
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Trespass to dwelling
B) Physical injury
C) Coercion
D) Robbery
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) Throwing mud at someone publicly
B) Posting defamatory content
C) Online insult
D) False accusation
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Malicious mischief
B) Direct physical injuries
C) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
D) Attempted homicide
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) Increased police visibility
B) Public education on negligence
C) More prisons
D) Stricter punishment
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) Robbery
B) Theft
C) Qualified theft
D) coercion
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Destroying property
B) Annoying acts without serious harm
C) Threats
D) Physical evidence
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) Illegal marriage
B) concubinage
C) bigamy
D) Adultery
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Oral defamation
B) Libel
C) Slander by deed
D) Intriguing against honor
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 9208
B) RA 10591
C) RA 9165
D) RA 10883
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Recruiting minors for work abroad
B) Transporting a worker without contract
C) Recruitment with exploitation
D) Failure to provide employment
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Borrowing a car and returning it late
B) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
C) Stealing a car parked on the street
D) Forced taking of a tricycle
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Robbery
B) Fencing
C) Theft
D) Estafa
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 8049
B) RA 9160
C) RA 10175
D) RA 10591
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Posting criticism online
B) Sharing a meme
C) Posting false defamatory claims
D) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Hearsay rule
B) Parol evidence rule
C) Best evidence rule
D) Opinion rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Secondary evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) Hearsay with exception
B) Rumors
C) Eyewitness under stress
D) CCTV clear footage
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) Yes, as secondary evidence
B) No, requires expert testimony
C) Yes, as real evidence
D) Never
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) defense
B) Court
C) Prosecution
D) Accused
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Presence near crime scene
B) Suspect's silence
C) Motive alone
D) Opportunity and weapon possession
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Best evidence rule
B) Part of res gestae
C) Dying declaration exception
D) Verbal act rule
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) authorship
B) All of the above
C) reliability
D) relevance
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
B) Lay witness giving medical opinion
C) Expert analyzing blood
D) Lay witness identifying someone
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Secondary evidence
B) Voluntary
C) Admissible
D) Inadmissible
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Subscribing witness
B) Any witness
C) Court clerk
D) Notary
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
B) Given under subpoena
C) Discovered accidentally
D) Voluntarily given by accused
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Real evidence
D) Demonstrative evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Lighting conditions
B) Judge's impression
C) Lawyer's objections
D) Age of witness
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Victim's delay reporting
B) Victims's prompt complaint
C) Rumors
D) Anonymous tip
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of delivery
B) Presumption of regularity
C) Presumption of fraud
D) Presumption of innocence
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Chain of custody
B) Burden of proof
C) Opinion testimony
D) Impeachment
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Waived
B) Sustained
C) Stricken off
D) Admissible
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) After cross-examination
B) Anytime
C) Before answer is given
D) At closing arguments
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Belief of judge
B) Preponderance of evidence
C) Reasonable suspicion
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Modify
B) Admit
C) Defer
D) Reject
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) All of the above
B) Probability
C) Demeanor
D) Consistency
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Admissibility
B) Sufficiency
C) Burden of proof
D) Weight of evidence
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Weak
B) Neutral
C) Strong
D) Inadmissible
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Type of crime
B) Length of trial
C) Chain of custody integrity
D) Age of suspect
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) Court of Appeals
B) Sandiganbayan
C) MTC
D) RTC
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) Automatic dismissal
B) Nullity
C) Cure by amendmend
D) No effect
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Place of commission
B) Judge preference
C) Residence of accused
D) Police recommendation
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Waiver of right
B) Automatic acquittal
C) Case dismissed
D) Suspension of PI
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Filing complaint
B) Arraignment
C) Preliminary investigation
D) Arrest
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Witness appears late
B) Defense agrees
C) Prosecution insist
D) Judge allows in interest of justice
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Amount involved
B) Position of accused
C) Number of victims
D) Location of offense
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) Limiting caseloads
B) More judges
C) Requiring longer trials
D) Mandatory plea bargaining
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