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CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
Contributed by: Jarabejo
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Espionage
B) Inciting to War
C) Coup d'etat
D) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she acted voluntarily
B) Whether she is a civilian
C) Whether she wore a uniform
D) Whether she was paid
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
B) Yes, because it undermines authority
C) No, because it lacks seditious intent
D) No, because bloggers are exempt
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Freedom of speech
B) Freedom of movement
C) Right to privacy
D) Right against unreasonable seizures
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Illegal arrest
B) Violation of domicile
C) Grave coercion
D) Arbitrary Detention
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Rebellion
B) Inciting to rebellion
C) Coup d'etat
D) Sedition
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Absorption doctrine
B) Immunity of non-combatants
C) Proximate cause
D) Indeterminate sentence kaw
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) Yes, but only grave coercion
B) No, because she went voluntarily
C) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
D) No, because the threat was past
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Illegal arrest
B) Arbitrary detention
C) Unlawful arrest
D) Abuse of authority
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Skipping mandatory civic duties
B) Sharing memes criticizing government
C) Refusing to pay taxes
D) Leaking military troop movements
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Surveillance of all student organizations
B) Establishing civic education programs
C) Total ban on political groups
D) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Public interest
B) Intent to aid a foreign power
C) Possession of information
D) Actual publication
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Weapon used
B) Degree of provocation
C) Relationship
D) Severity of injuries
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Murded
B) Homicide
C) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
D) Parricide
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) No, aggression had ended
B) Yes, because firearm was licensed
C) Yes, because the item is valuable
D) Yes, the thief committed a crime
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) Price or reward
B) Treachery
C) By means of fire
D) Abuse of superiority
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By grave abuse of authority
B) By taking advantage of relationship
C) By force or intimidation
D) By fraudulent machination
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
B) Yelling at an employee
C) Asking someone to run errands
D) Forcing someone to join a gang
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) Fencing
B) None if no intent to gain
C) Theft
D) Estafa
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Mistake of fact
B) Good faith
C) Mitigating circumstance
D) Proximate cause
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Presence of qualifying circumstances
B) Lack of provocation
C) Use of firearm
D) Public scandal
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Parricide
B) Abandonment of minor
C) Infanticide
D) Child abuse
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Robbery
B) Physical injury
C) Coercion
D) Trespass to dwelling
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) Posting defamatory content
B) Throwing mud at someone publicly
C) False accusation
D) Online insult
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Direct physical injuries
B) Malicious mischief
C) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
D) Attempted homicide
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) Stricter punishment
B) More prisons
C) Increased police visibility
D) Public education on negligence
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) coercion
B) Qualified theft
C) Robbery
D) Theft
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Physical evidence
B) Destroying property
C) Annoying acts without serious harm
D) Threats
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) bigamy
B) Adultery
C) concubinage
D) Illegal marriage
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Intriguing against honor
B) Libel
C) Oral defamation
D) Slander by deed
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 10591
B) RA 9165
C) RA 10883
D) RA 9208
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Recruitment with exploitation
B) Recruiting minors for work abroad
C) Transporting a worker without contract
D) Failure to provide employment
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Stealing a car parked on the street
B) Forced taking of a tricycle
C) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
D) Borrowing a car and returning it late
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Fencing
B) Theft
C) Estafa
D) Robbery
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 10591
B) RA 10175
C) RA 8049
D) RA 9160
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Posting criticism online
B) Sharing a meme
C) Posting false defamatory claims
D) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Best evidence rule
B) Parol evidence rule
C) Opinion rule
D) Hearsay rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Secondary evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) CCTV clear footage
B) Eyewitness under stress
C) Hearsay with exception
D) Rumors
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) Yes, as secondary evidence
B) Never
C) Yes, as real evidence
D) No, requires expert testimony
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) Prosecution
B) Accused
C) Court
D) defense
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Opportunity and weapon possession
B) Presence near crime scene
C) Suspect's silence
D) Motive alone
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Dying declaration exception
B) Part of res gestae
C) Verbal act rule
D) Best evidence rule
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) authorship
B) relevance
C) All of the above
D) reliability
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Lay witness identifying someone
B) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
C) Lay witness giving medical opinion
D) Expert analyzing blood
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Admissible
B) Secondary evidence
C) Voluntary
D) Inadmissible
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Subscribing witness
B) Notary
C) Any witness
D) Court clerk
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Given under subpoena
B) Discovered accidentally
C) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
D) Voluntarily given by accused
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Real evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Lawyer's objections
B) Judge's impression
C) Age of witness
D) Lighting conditions
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Rumors
B) Anonymous tip
C) Victims's prompt complaint
D) Victim's delay reporting
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of regularity
B) Presumption of innocence
C) Presumption of fraud
D) Presumption of delivery
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Chain of custody
B) Impeachment
C) Burden of proof
D) Opinion testimony
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Admissible
B) Sustained
C) Waived
D) Stricken off
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) Anytime
B) At closing arguments
C) After cross-examination
D) Before answer is given
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
B) Reasonable suspicion
C) Preponderance of evidence
D) Belief of judge
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Reject
B) Modify
C) Admit
D) Defer
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Real evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) Demeanor
B) All of the above
C) Consistency
D) Probability
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Admissibility
B) Weight of evidence
C) Burden of proof
D) Sufficiency
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Inadmissible
B) Strong
C) Weak
D) Neutral
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Age of suspect
B) Type of crime
C) Chain of custody integrity
D) Length of trial
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) Sandiganbayan
B) MTC
C) RTC
D) Court of Appeals
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) Cure by amendmend
B) Automatic dismissal
C) No effect
D) Nullity
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Police recommendation
B) Residence of accused
C) Judge preference
D) Place of commission
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Case dismissed
B) Suspension of PI
C) Waiver of right
D) Automatic acquittal
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Preliminary investigation
B) Filing complaint
C) Arraignment
D) Arrest
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Witness appears late
B) Defense agrees
C) Prosecution insist
D) Judge allows in interest of justice
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Number of victims
B) Location of offense
C) Position of accused
D) Amount involved
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) More judges
B) Requiring longer trials
C) Limiting caseloads
D) Mandatory plea bargaining
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