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CLJ 4,5&6 (Wadab,2025)
Contributed by: Jarabejo
  • 1. A foreign diplomat secretly gathers military information in the Philippines and sends it to his country, which is preparing for war. What crime is MOST appropriate?
A) Inciting to War
B) Espionage
C) Conspiracy to Commit Treason
D) Coup d'etat
  • 2. Treason requires adherence to the enemy. In analyzing the conduct of a Filipino nurse who treats wounded foreign soldiers invading the Philippines, which factor determines liability?
A) Whether she wore a uniform
B) Whether she acted voluntarily
C) Whether she was paid
D) Whether she is a civilian
  • 3. A news blogger criticizes the government, claiming it is “authoritarian,” but provides factual sources. Is this inciting to sedition?
A) Yes, because criticism equals sedition
B) Yes, because it undermines authority
C) No, because bloggers are exempt
D) No, because it lacks seditious intent
  • 4. Police officers arrest a man without warrant simply because he “looks suspicious.” Which right is primarily violated?
A) Right to privacy
B) Right against unreasonable seizures
C) Freedom of movement
D) Freedom of speech
  • 5. A mayor orders security personnel to block a critic from entering the city hall. Which crime applies?
A) Violation of domicile
B) Illegal arrest
C) Grave coercion
D) Arbitrary Detention
  • 6. A group attempts to seize a municipal hall using stolen firearms but fails. What crime?
A) Sedition
B) Coup d'etat
C) Inciting to rebellion
D) Rebellion
  • 7. You evaluate whether a private citizen who participated in rebellion as a medic is criminally liable. Which principle applies?
    A. Immunity of non-combatants
A) Absorption doctrine
B) Indeterminate sentence kaw
C) Proximate cause
D) Immunity of non-combatants
  • 8. A kidnapping victim voluntarily goes with the offender due to fear from a previous threat. Is kidnapping committed?
A) No, because she went voluntarily
B) No, because the threat was past
C) Yes, intimidation still constitutes deprivation
D) Yes, but only grave coercion
  • 9. A soldier arrests a civilian for a crime that has not yet been committed but may occur later. This is:
A) Illegal arrest
B) Arbitrary detention
C) Abuse of authority
D) Unlawful arrest
  • 10. Which action MOST seriously threatens national security?
A) Skipping mandatory civic duties
B) Refusing to pay taxes
C) Sharing memes criticizing government
D) Leaking military troop movements
  • 11. To prevent sedition in campuses, which measure is MOST constitutionally acceptable?
A) Mandatory reporting of dissenters
B) Surveillance of all student organizations
C) Establishing civic education programs
D) Total ban on political groups
  • 12. A journalist reveals classified information exposing corruption. Government charges him with espionage. Which element is missing?
A) Public interest
B) Possession of information
C) Actual publication
D) Intent to aid a foreign power
  • 13. A husband strikes his wife during an argument causing slight injuries. What determines if parricide applies?
A) Degree of provocation
B) Weapon used
C) Severity of injuries
D) Relationship
  • 14. A student pushes a classmate down the stairs during a prank, causing death. What crime?
A) Reckless imprudence resulting to homicide
B) Murded
C) Parricide
D) Homicide
  • 15. A store owner shoots a thief who is running away with a stolen phone. Is defense of property valid?
A) Yes, because the item is valuable
B) No, aggression had ended
C) Yes, because firearm was licensed
D) Yes, the thief committed a crime
  • 16. A person sets fire to the house to kill the occupants. What qualifying circumstance applies?
A) Price or reward
B) Treachery
C) By means of fire
D) Abuse of superiority
  • 17. A rapist threatens the victim’s mother to force the victim to submit. Which element of rape is present?
A) By grave abuse of authority
B) By taking advantage of relationship
C) By force or intimidation
D) By fraudulent machination
  • 18. Which scenario BEST qualifies as grave coercion?
A) Asking someone to run errands
B) Warning a friend to stop wrongdoing
C) Yelling at an employee
D) Forcing someone to join a gang
  • 19. A child finds a cellphone and sells it. What crime?
A) Fencing
B) Estafa
C) None if no intent to gain
D) Theft
  • 20. A person honestly believes a borrowed item was gifted to him and sells it. Which principle negates estafa?
A) Mistake of fact
B) Good faith
C) Proximate cause
D) Mitigating circumstance
  • 21. Which is the BEST indicator of murder rather than homicide?
A) Lack of provocation
B) Presence of qualifying circumstances
C) Use of firearm
D) Public scandal
  • 22. A mother abandons her newborn in a safe location intending someone to rescue the child. Crime?
A) Parricide
B) Infanticide
C) Child abuse
D) Abandonment of minor
  • 23. A landlord breaks the tenant’s door at night to demand unpaid rent. Which crime applies?
A) Robbery
B) Trespass to dwelling
C) Physical injury
D) Coercion
  • 24. Which act constitutes slander by deed?
A) Posting defamatory content
B) Throwing mud at someone publicly
C) False accusation
D) Online insult
  • 25. A driver jumps a red light and injures a pedestrian. Crime committed?
A) Malicious mischief
B) Attempted homicide
C) Reckless imprudence resulting in physical injuries
D) Direct physical injuries
  • 26. Which preventive policy BEST reduces quasi-offenses?
A) Public education on negligence
B) Increased police visibility
C) More prisons
D) Stricter punishment
  • 27. A pickpocket steals a wallet using slight force but does not intimidate the victim. Crime?
A) Theft
B) Qualified theft
C) Robbery
D) coercion
  • 28. Which situation BEST illustrates unjust vexation?
A) Annoying acts without serious harm
B) Destroying property
C) Threats
D) Physical evidence
  • 29. A man marries two women under different identities. Crime?
A) Adultery
B) Illegal marriage
C) concubinage
D) bigamy
  • 30. A professional spreads false claims about a colleague's incompetence. Crime?
A) Slander by deed
B) Oral defamation
C) Libel
D) Intriguing against honor
  • 31. A person modifies a gun without license. Violation?
A) RA 10591
B) RA 9165
C) RA 10883
D) RA 9208
  • 32. Which act shows trafficking rather than simple illegal recruitment?
A) Failure to provide employment
B) Transporting a worker without contract
C) Recruiting minors for work abroad
D) Recruitment with exploitation
  • 33. Which best qualifies as carnapping under RA 10883?
A) Borrowing a car and returning it late
B) Stealing a car parked on the street
C) Forced taking of a tricycle
D) Using a stolen motorcycle unknowingly
  • 34. Someone buys jewelry knowing it was stolen. Crime?
A) Fencing
B) Estafa
C) Theft
D) Robbery
  • 35. A hazing results in injuries but no death. Which law applies?
A) RA 10591
B) RA 10175
C) RA 8049
D) RA 9160
  • 36. Which act MOST clearly constitutes cyber-libel?
A) Posting criticism online
B) Unintentional sharing of wrong info
C) Posting false defamatory claims
D) Sharing a meme
  • 37. A witness testifies about what another person told him. Court evaluates admissibility under:
A) Hearsay rule
B) Best evidence rule
C) Opinion rule
D) Parol evidence rule
  • 38. A broken knife found at the crime scene is offered. This is:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Secondary evidence
D) Real evidence
  • 39. Which evidence carries the MOST weight?
A) Hearsay with exception
B) Eyewitness under stress
C) Rumors
D) CCTV clear footage
  • 40. A contract photocopy is presented because the original burned in a fire. Admissible?
A) Yes, as real evidence
B) Yes, as secondary evidence
C) Never
D) No, requires expert testimony
  • 41. Burden of proof in criminal cases is on the:
A) Court
B) Prosecution
C) Accused
D) defense
  • 42. Which is the STRONGEST circumstantial evidence?
A) Motive alone
B) Presence near crime scene
C) Suspect's silence
D) Opportunity and weapon possession
  • 43. A dying victim identifies the attacker. This is allowed because:
A) Verbal act rule
B) Best evidence rule
C) Dying declaration exception
D) Part of res gestae
  • 44. A text message screenshot is offered. Court must first determine:
A) relevance
B) All of the above
C) reliability
D) authorship
  • 45. Which illustrates improper opinion testimony?
A) Lay witness giving medical opinion
B) Expert on digital forensics testifying about devices
C) Expert analyzing blood
D) Lay witness identifying someone
  • 46. A confession made after 12 hours without counsel is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Secondary evidence
C) Voluntary
D) Admissible
  • 47. Document signed using thumbmark must be authenticated by:
A) Subscribing witness
B) Notary
C) Any witness
D) Court clerk
  • 48. Which scenario makes evidence inadmissible?
A) Obtained without warrant and not an exception
B) Discovered accidentally
C) Given under subpoena
D) Voluntarily given by accused
  • 49. Fingerprints lifted from the scene are:
A) Real evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 50. A witness saw the accused only briefly at night. Reliability depends on:
A) Lighting conditions
B) Judge's impression
C) Lawyer's objections
D) Age of witness
  • 51. Which is MOST persuasive in a rape case?
A) Victims's prompt complaint
B) Anonymous tip
C) Rumors
D) Victim's delay reporting
  • 52. What presumption applies if a mailed letter is shown properly addressed and stamped?
A) Presumption of regularity
B) Presumption of fraud
C) Presumption of innocence
D) Presumption of delivery
  • 53. A police officer testifies about the steps taken in handling evidence. This refers to:
A) Impeachment
B) Burden of proof
C) Opinion testimony
D) Chain of custody
  • 54. Counsel objects to testimony after question answered. Ruling?
A) Sustained
B) Admissible
C) Stricken off
D) Waived
  • 55. Evidence must be objected to:
A) At closing arguments
B) After cross-examination
C) Anytime
D) Before answer is given
  • 56. Which evidence is sufficient for conviction?
A) Reasonable suspicion
B) Preponderance of evidence
C) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
D) Belief of judge
  • 57. If evidence is irrelevant but material, what is the court likely to do?
A) Defer
B) Modify
C) Admit
D) Reject
  • 58. A diagram illustrating bullet trajectory is:
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Real evidence
  • 59. Court evaluates witness credibility based on:
A) All of the above
B) Demeanor
C) Probability
D) Consistency
  • 60. Case is dismissed due to lack of evidence. Failure relates to:
A) Sufficiency
B) Admissibility
C) Burden of proof
D) Weight of evidence
  • 61. A child witness hesitates but remains consistent. Weight?
A) Inadmissible
B) Strong
C) Weak
D) Neutral
  • 62. Which factor MOST affects reliability of DNA evidence?
A) Length of trial
B) Type of crime
C) Age of suspect
D) Chain of custody integrity
  • 63. Which court has jurisdiction over cases punishable by more than 6 years?
A) Court of Appeals
B) MTC
C) RTC
D) Sandiganbayan
  • 64. A complaint-affidavit lacking certification against forum shopping results in:
A) Cure by amendmend
B) Nullity
C) No effect
D) Automatic dismissal
  • 65. Which most affects venue in criminal cases?
A) Place of commission
B) Residence of accused
C) Judge preference
D) Police recommendation
  • 66. During preliminary investigation, respondent refuses to file counter-affidavit. Consequence?
A) Waiver of right
B) Case dismissed
C) Automatic acquittal
D) Suspension of PI
  • 67. Trial begins after:
A) Arrest
B) Preliminary investigation
C) Filing complaint
D) Arraignment
  • 68. Evidence presented after termination of trial is allowed only if:
A) Prosecution insist
B) Judge allows in interest of justice
C) Defense agrees
D) Witness appears late
  • 69. Sandiganbayan jurisdiction depends primarily on:
A) Amount involved
B) Position of accused
C) Number of victims
D) Location of offense
  • 70. To reduce clogged dockets, which procedural reform is MOST effective?
A) More judges
B) Requiring longer trials
C) Limiting caseloads
D) Mandatory plea bargaining
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