A) A defense of religious orthodoxy against scientific progress. B) An analysis of 20th-century historical methodologies. C) A history of economic thought from antiquity to the present. D) The critique of modern political philosophy and the recovery of classical natural right.
A) Its failure to adequately address climate change. B) Its reliance on religious dogma for its foundations. C) Its focus on individual rights over communal obligations. D) Its rejection of classical natural right in favor of historicism and positivism.
A) The inevitable progress of human civilization. B) A more accurate and scientific understanding of history. C) The unification of all world religions. D) Nihilism, or the denial of any objective standard of right.
A) John Locke. B) Karl Marx. C) Thomas Hobbes. D) Immanuel Kant.
A) To achieve global hegemony through military power. B) To maximize individual wealth and material prosperity. C) To ensure complete equality of outcome for all members. D) To cultivate virtue and facilitate the good life for its citizens.
A) Because it is based on a permanent and unchanging human nature. B) Because it was invented in the 18th century. C) Because the ancients had no concept of history. D) Because it only applies to Greek city-states.
A) It is the title of a book by John Dewey. B) It is the fundamental tension between philosophy and revelation that must be addressed. C) It is the problem of separating church and state in the modern era. D) It is a minor dispute in medieval theology.
A) Lucretius. B) Plotinus. C) Plato. D) Epicurus.
A) Ancient right applied only to citizens, modern right applies to all humans. B) Ancient right focuses on duties and the good life, while modern focuses on rights and self-preservation. C) Ancient right was theological, modern right is scientific. D) There is no essential difference between them.
A) Statistical analysis of word frequency. B) Deconstruction of the author's logical contradictions. C) Careful exegesis and attention to the author's esoteric meaning. D) Psychoanalysis of the author's subconscious motives.
A) A philosophy based on Zen Buddhism. B) An experimental form of science. C) A dogmatic system of beliefs. D) A philosophy that is seeking or questioning rather than possessing full wisdom.
A) To make their books more popular and sell more copies. B) To protect philosophy from political persecution and to guide potential philosophers. C) To encrypt their messages from foreign spies. D) Because they were confused and unable to express themselves clearly.
A) As a thinker who contributed to modern historicism and the rejection of classical natural right. B) As a orthodox Thomist philosopher. C) As the greatest defender of classical republicanism. D) As a precursor to libertarian capitalism.
A) Economics, as the study of production and consumption. B) Political philosophy, as it addresses the most important questions for human life. C) Epistemology, as the theory of knowledge. D) Physics, as the study of the natural world.
A) Reason can definitively prove revelation is false. B) Revelation provides the necessary foundations for reason to operate. C) They are identical and express the same truth in different languages. D) They are competing and irreconcilable claims to truth, and the conflict is insoluble by human reason. |